Vibrio Virulence Regulation and Host Interactions PDF Download

Author: Lixing Huang
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889719197
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 167

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Author: Salvador Almagro-Moreno
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031229975
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 356

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Book Description
This book addresses current topics on pathogenic Vibrio spp. from a comprehensive and holistic perspective. Here, experts in the field provide timely chapters, ranging from genomics, pathogen emergence, and epidemiology to pathogenesis, virulence regulation and host colonization. Questions addressed include: How does climate change affect the spread of these bacteria? What is the status of current vaccines? Are there novel therapeutic options to treat Vibrio infections? Is there likelihood of emergence of new pathogenic strains or species? Can insights from mathematical models and epidemiology lead to prediction of pathogen outbreaks? Recent decades have seen a steady increase in Vibrio spp. infections originating in aquatic and marine habitats, driven by higher human population densities, warming of polluted oceans, natural and human-made disasters, and mass seafood production. These conditions increase the likelihood of pathogenic Vibrio spp. coming into contact with humans, making their study even more timely and relevant as these problems escalate over time. This book is a valuable resource for health management professionals, experienced microbiologists/ microbial ecologists, and early career scientists alike who want to learn more about these important environmental human pathogens. The ideas and technologies presented in this book for preventing, controlling, and monitoring Vibrio spp. infections contribute to the UN Sustainable Development Goal 3: Good Health and Well-Being.

Author: Kaye Wachsmuth
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cholera
Languages : en
Pages : 488

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Book Description
Presents the latest molecular studies of virulence, colonization, gene regulation, and the O1 antigen. Gives an in-depth and analytical approach to the epidemiology of cholera that includes outbreak investigations, case-control studies, and surveillance functions. Describes the molecular approach to epidemiologic problems and questions. Tracks the global spread of cholera by genetically defining individual strains. Addresses possible intervention and prevention strategies, including the latest vaccines, and their public health relevance.

Author: Brittany Vojnar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 67

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Book Description
Vibrio parahaemolyticus serovar O3:K6, the most common cause of bacterial seafood-related illness, is responsible for 48% of all reported Vibrio spp. infections in the United States. At this time, limited literature is available regarding organism pathogenesis and especially the host response and immunity to infection. It is well known that pathogenic bacteria may produce enzymes such as catalase (katE1, katE2), alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (ahpC1, ahpC2) and peroxiredoxins allowing for survival in toxic environments, specifically in the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Toward that end, we have hypothesized that V. parahaemolyticus utilizes its antioxidant capabilities, such as katE, ahpC, and other antioxidant associated enzymes, to survive in diverse environments, not just in the mammalian host. Here, we investigated the antioxidant genes involved in V. parahaemolyticus survival when exposed to toxic oxygen species present in separate models; in-vitro culture and murine BMDM infection. We determined that catalases such as katE1 and katE2 and the peroxiredoxin and reductant system involving ahpC1 and ahpF are required for survival in different models of exposure to ROS. Additionally, these antioxidant genes are regulated by OxyR. At this time, characterization of organism survival in varying environments will allow for a more complete understanding of organism virulence and survival in different hosts and environments providing a comprehensive understanding of Vibrio parahaemolyticus pathogenesis. Ultimately, the goal is to formulate treatment algorithms to facilitate pathogenic organism removal regardless of the host or environment.

Author: Michael L. Vasil
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology Press
ISBN: 1555816762
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1189

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Book Description
A comprehensive compendium of scholarly contributions relating to bacterial virulence gene regulation. • Provides insights into global control and the switch between distinct infectious states (e.g., acute vs. chronic). • Considers key issues about the mechanisms of gene regulation relating to: surface factors, exported toxins and export mechanisms. • Reflects on how the regulation of intracellular lifestyles and the response to stress can ultimately have an impact on the outcome of an infection. • Highlights and examines some emerging regulatory mechanisms of special significance. • Serves as an ideal compendium of valuable topics for students, researchers and faculty with interests in how the mechanisms of gene regulation ultimately affect the outcome of an array of bacterial infectious diseases.

Author: Pallaval Veera Bramhachari
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811324298
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 377

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Book Description
This book illustrates the importance and significance of Quorum sensing (QS), it’s critical roles in regulating diverse cellular functions in microbes, including bioluminescence, virulence, pathogenesis, gene expression, biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance. Microbes can coordinate population behavior with small molecules called autoinducers (AHL) which serves as a signal of cellular population density, triggering new patterns of gene expression for mounting virulence and pathogenesis. Therefore, these microbes have the competence to coordinate and regulate explicit sets of genes by sensing and communicating amongst themselves utilizing variety of signals. This book descry emphasizes on how bacteria can coordinate an activity and synchronize their response to external signals and regulate gene expression. The chapters of the book provide the recent advancements on various functional aspects of QS systems in different gram positive and gram negative organisms. Finally, the book also elucidates a comprehensive yet a representative description of a large number of challenges associated with quorum sensing signal molecules viz. virulence, pathogenesis, antibiotic synthesis, biosurfactants production, persister cells, cell signaling and biofilms, intra and inter-species communications, host-pathogen interactions, social interactions & swarming migration in biofilms.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780815332183
Category : Cells
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Author: Aaron Ross Conrado
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 198

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Book Description
Horizontal gene transfer amongst bacteria plays a critical role in the evolution, emergence, and virulence of both currently recognized and novel pathogens. Vibrio cholerae exemplifies this process, as benign environmental isolates emerge as pandemic pathogens through the acquisition and incorporation of genetic elements encoding virulence factors into their progenitor genomes. In V. cholerae, these genes are localized to distinct areas of the chromosome, known as horizontally acquired islands (HAIs), which are characterized by a lower GC-content than the progenitor genome. In cholera and many other Gram-negative enterics, AT-rich DNA is bound by the H-NS protein immediately upon entrance into the cell, silencing the expression of this potentially toxic DNA. In other enterics, some proteins can remove H-NS from the DNA, allowing the cell to probe these novel genes, while others can interact with H-NS to maintain regulatory control and ensure derepression only happens when appropriate. However, such interactions with H-NS have not been observed in V. cholerae. Here, we discover and characterization of the genetic relationships between H-NS and an H-NS antagonist (ToxR, an essential protein for virulence), as well as an H-NS enhancer (TsrA, a poorly understood protein) in V. cholerae. ToxR is known to be a master activator of virulence, but we demonstrate that ToxR’s critical role is not direct activation, but rather to antagonize H-NS binding at shared binding loci related to host colonization and biofilm formation. Furthermore, TsrA, previously shown to be involved in regulation of type-VI secretion, was detected through immunoprecipitation of H-NS, followed by LC-MS/MS. Subsequent genetic analyses revealed that TsrA enhances H-NS repression of virulence genes on HAIs. Interestingly, TsrA enhances H-NS enrichment at areas of low-GC content, similar to the H-NS interactors in other enterics that V. cholerae was thought to lack. TsrA deletion also affects uptake of a mobile genetic element, establishing the first Vibrio-specific modulator of H-NS function that influences the regulation and acquisition of virulence-defining genetic elements. Knowledge of these interactions sheds light on HNS’ role in defining the virulence potential of V. cholerae and reveals a novel H-NS interactor similar to those present in other Gram-negative bacteria

Author: Yi-Wei Tang
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0123977630
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 2214

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Book Description
The molecular age has brought about dramatic changes in medical microbiology, and great leaps in our understanding of the mechanisms of infectious disease. Molecular Medical Microbiology is the first book to synthesise the many new developments in both molecular and clinical research in a single comprehensive resource. This timely and authoritative three-volume work is an invaluable reference source of medical bacteriology. Comprising more than 100 chapters, organized into 17 major sections, the scope of this impressive work is wide-ranging. Written by experts in the field, chapters include cutting-edge information, and clinical overviews for each major bacterial group, in addition to the latest updates on vaccine development, molecular technology and diagnostic technology. Topics covered include bacterial structure, cell function, and genetics; mechanisms of pathogenesis and prevention; antibacterial agents; and infections ranging from gastrointestinal to urinary tract, centrtal nervous system, respiratory tract, and more. - The first comprehensive and accessible reference on molecular medical microbiology - Full color presentation througout - In-depth discussion of individual pathogenic bacteria in a system-oriented approach - Includes a clinical overview for each major bacterial group - Presents the latest information on vaccine development, molecular technology, and diagnostic technology - More than 100 chapters covering all major groups of bacteria - Written by an international panel of authors who are experts in their respective disciplines

Author: Abigail A. Salyers
Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
ISBN: 9781555810948
Category : Bacterial diseases
Languages : en
Pages : 418

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Book Description
Host defences against bacterial pathogens: defences of body surfaces; Clinical importance of understanding host defences; Preventing contactbetween host and pathogen; Skin and mucosal surfaces: the body's firstline of defence; Special defences of specific mucosal surfaces; Host defences against bacterial pathogens: defences of tissue and blood; Constitutive, nonspecific defences; Induced defences: antibodies, activated macrophages, and cytotoxic t cells; Factors that impair or improve host defences; Virulence factors that promote colonization; What is virulence?; Colonization and invasion of host surfaces; Evading complement, phagocytes, and the andibody response; Virulence factors that damage the host; Exotoxins; Hydrolytic enzymes; Bacterial products that provoke an autoimmune response; Endotoxin and other toxic bacterial cellwall components; Regulation of virulence genes; Types of regulation; Experimental approaches to investigating the host-bacterium interaction; Designing an experimental system for studing the bacterium-host interaction; Measurements of virulence; Identifying a potential virulence factor and that it is impotant for virulence; Vaccines and other approaches to modulating the immune response; Virulence factors and rational design of vaccines; Properties of good vaccines; Passive immunization; Immune stimulants other than vaccines; Antibiotics: mechanisms of action and mechanisms of bacterial resistance; Characteristics of antibiotics; Mechanisms of action of antibiotics; Resistance mechanisms; Transfer of resistance genes; Origin of antibiotic resistance genes; Paradigms of bacterium-host interactions; Diphtheria; Virulence factors; Regulation of toxin production: Treatment and prevention of diphtheria; Scarlet fever, toxic shock syndrome, and the return of severe, invasive streptococcal disease; Fluctuating fortunes of scarlet fever and TSS; Virulence factors; Treatment and prevention; Disease without colonization: food-borne toxines caused by Clostridium bolutinum, Staphylococcus aureus, and Clostridium perfringens; Botulism; Food-borne disease caused by S. aurens and C. perfrigens; Cholera (Vibrio cholerae); Pathogenesis and epidemiology of cholera; Virulence factors; Transcriptional regulation of virulence genes; Treatment and prevention; Whoopingcough (Bordetella pertussis); Whooping cough; Steps in infection; Virulence factors; Regulation of virulence genes; Treatment and prevention; Dysentery caused by Shigella species; Dysentery; Virulence factors; Organization of virulence genes; Regulation of virulence genes; Treatment and prevention; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Virulence factors; Organization and regulation of virulence genes; Treatment and prevention; Escherichia coli gastrointestinal infections; The amazing variety of diseases caused by E. coli strains; Serotypes and virotypes; Animal and cell culture models; Virulence factors of ETEC strains; Virulence factors of EAggEC strains; Virulence factor of EPEC strains; Virulence factors of EHEC and EIEC strains; Escherichia coli urinary tract infections; Epidemiology of urinary tract infections; Virulence factors of Uropathogenic E. coli strains; Organization and regulation of virulence genes; Treatment and prevention; Yersinia infections; Pathogenic Yersinia species; Virulence mechanisms; Regulation of virulence genes; Treatment and prevention; Salmonella infections; Salmonella species and serogroups; Diseases caused by species and serotypes of Salmonella; Virulence factors; Regulation of virulence genes; Treatment and prevention; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Gonorrhea; Virulence factors; Continuing search for a vaccine against gonorrhea; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; The quintessential opportunist; Virulence factors; Future Challenges; Gastric and duodenal ulcers: an infections disease; Revolution in gastroentorology; Virulence factors; Treatment and prevention; Pseudomembranous colitis; Pseudomembranous colitis: a disease caused by antibiotics; Virulence factrs; Treatment and prevention; Lyme disease and syphilis; Lyma disease; Virulence factors; Syphilis and lyme disease: two spirochetal diseases with a similar pathology; Treatment and prevention; Legionnaire's disease; The dark side of modern comforts: air conditioning turns ugly; Virulence factors; Treatment and prevention; Tuberculosis; A disease of the past returns to haunt the future; Spread and progression of TB; M. tuberculosis and its unusual cell wall; Emergenceand treatment of drug-resistant TB; Diagnosis of TB; Virulence factors; Immunity to TB; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Streptococcus pneumoniae: an inflammatory subject; Charateristics of S. pneumoniae; Virulence factors; Treatment and prevention; Streptococcal sore throat, rheumatic fever, and glomerulonephritis; The unsolved riddle of rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis; Virulence factors; Treatment and prevention; Cell surface structure of bacteria; Phylogenetic diversity of pathogenic bacteria; Nucleic acid-based detection systems; Answers to end-of-chapter questions.