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Book Description
Ce travail est consacré à l’élaboration par voie sol-gel de verres de silice et d’oxyde d’étain nanostructurés par séparation de phases. L’étude de l’évolution microstructurale de ce matériau a été effectuée durant la gélification des sols et lors de traitements thermiques de séparation de phases et de cristallisation de l’oxyde d’étain dans les xérogels. L’essentiel des résultats expérimentaux a été obtenu au travers de campagnes de mesures de diffusion centrale des rayons X ou de diffraction des rayons X réalisées sur des sources de rayonnement synchrotron (SOLEIL et l’ESRF). Des gels mixtes homogènes contenant jusqu’à 50% d’étain ont été obtenus. Le processus d’agrégation régissant la gélification a été identifié comme étant un mécanisme RLCCA (Reaction Limited Cluster Cluster Aggregation). La modification des différents paramètres chimiques a essentiellement un effet cinétique sur la gélification. Après séchage, les xérogels obtenus ont été soumis à des traitements thermiques. Un prétraitement de séparation de phases à 250 °C favorise la création de nanocristaux de petite taille. A cette température la séparation de phases est lente et semble être de la décomposition spinodale pour des xérogels contenant entre 10 et 30 % d’étain. Des cristaux assez petits pour pouvoir observer des phénomènes de luminescence ont été obtenus avec un xérogel contenant 10% d’étain après un prétraitement thermique de séparation de phases et un traitement de cristallisation à 350 °C. Il est possible de rendre les xérogels transparents par un traitement thermique supplémentaire à 550 °C, ceci sans modifier la taille des nanocristaux obtenue à 350 °C.
Book Description
Ce travail est consacré à l’élaboration par voie sol-gel de verres de silice et d’oxyde d’étain nanostructurés par séparation de phases. L’étude de l’évolution microstructurale de ce matériau a été effectuée durant la gélification des sols et lors de traitements thermiques de séparation de phases et de cristallisation de l’oxyde d’étain dans les xérogels. L’essentiel des résultats expérimentaux a été obtenu au travers de campagnes de mesures de diffusion centrale des rayons X ou de diffraction des rayons X réalisées sur des sources de rayonnement synchrotron (SOLEIL et l’ESRF). Des gels mixtes homogènes contenant jusqu’à 50% d’étain ont été obtenus. Le processus d’agrégation régissant la gélification a été identifié comme étant un mécanisme RLCCA (Reaction Limited Cluster Cluster Aggregation). La modification des différents paramètres chimiques a essentiellement un effet cinétique sur la gélification. Après séchage, les xérogels obtenus ont été soumis à des traitements thermiques. Un prétraitement de séparation de phases à 250 °C favorise la création de nanocristaux de petite taille. A cette température la séparation de phases est lente et semble être de la décomposition spinodale pour des xérogels contenant entre 10 et 30 % d’étain. Des cristaux assez petits pour pouvoir observer des phénomènes de luminescence ont été obtenus avec un xérogel contenant 10% d’étain après un prétraitement thermique de séparation de phases et un traitement de cristallisation à 350 °C. Il est possible de rendre les xérogels transparents par un traitement thermique supplémentaire à 550 °C, ceci sans modifier la taille des nanocristaux obtenue à 350 °C.
Author: Alain C. Pierre Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030381447 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 716
Book Description
This book presents a broad, general introduction to the processing of Sol-Gel technologies. This updated volume serves as a general handbook for researchers and students entering the field. This new edition provides updates in fields that have undergone rapid developments, such as Ceramics, Catalysis, Chromatropgraphy, biomaterials, glass science, and optics. It provides a simple, compact resource that can also be used in graduate-level materials science courses.
Author: Philippe Boch Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 0470394544 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 593
Book Description
This book is primarily an introduction to the vast family of ceramic materials. The first part is devoted to the basics of ceramics and processes: raw materials, powders synthesis, shaping and sintering. It discusses traditional ceramics as well as “technical” ceramics – both oxide and non-oxide – which have multiple developments. The second part focuses on properties and applications, and discusses both structural and functional ceramics, including bioceramics. The fields of abrasion, cutting and tribology illustrate the importance of mechanical properties. It also deals with the questions/answers of a ceramicist regarding electronuclear technology. As chemistry is an essential discipline for ceramicists, the book shows, in particular, what soft chemistry can contribute as a result of sol-gel methods.
Author: Ahmed Belasri Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 9811554447 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 659
Book Description
This book highlights peer reviewed articles from the 1st International Conference on Renewable Energy and Energy Conversion, ICREEC 2019, held at Oran in Algeria. It presents recent advances, brings together researchers and professionals in the area and presents a platform to exchange ideas and establish opportunities for a sustainable future. Topics covered in this proceedings, but not limited to, are photovoltaic systems, bioenergy, laser and plasma technology, fluid and flow for energy, software for energy and impact of energy on the environment.
Author: Ian Freestone Publisher: Oxbow Books ISBN: 1782972773 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 354
Book Description
These twenty papers dedicated to Mike Tite focus upon the interpretation of ancient artefacts and technologies, particularly through the application of materials analysis. Instruments from the human eye to mass spectrometry provide insights into a range of technologies ranging from classical alum extraction to Bronze Age wall painting, and cover materials as diverse as niello, flint, bronze, glass and ceramic. Ranging chronologically from the Neolithic through to the medieval period, and geographically from Britain to China, these case studies provide a rare overview which will be of value to students, teachers and researchers with an interest in early material culture.
Author: John Wilfred Orton Publisher: ISBN: 0199695822 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 529
Book Description
The book is a history of Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) as applied to the growth of semiconductor thin films (note that it does not cover the subject of metal thin films). It begins by examining the origins of MBE, first of all looking at the nature of molecular beams and considering their application to fundamental physics, to the development of nuclear magnetic resonance and to the invention of the microwave MASER. It shows how molecular beams of silane (SiH4) were used to study the nucleation of silicon films on a silicon substrate and how such studies were extended to compound semiconductors such as GaAs. From such surface studies in ultra-high vacuum the technique developed into a method of growing high quality single crystal films of a wide range of semiconductors. Comparing this with earlier evaporation methods of deposition and with other epitaxial deposition methods such as liquid phase and vapour phase epitaxy (LPE and VPE). The text describes the development of MBE machines from the early 'home-made' variety to that of commercial equipment and show how MBE was gradually refined to produce high quality films with atomic dimensions. This was much aided by the use of various in-situ surface analysis techniques, such as reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and mass spectrometry, a feature unique to MBE. It looks at various modified versions of the basic MBE process, then proceed to describe their application to the growth of so-called 'low-dimensional structures' (LDS) based on ultra-thin heterostructure films with thickness of order a few molecular monolayers. Further chapters cover the growth of a wide range of different compounds and describe their application to fundamental physics and to the fabrication of electronic and opto-electronic devices. The authors study the historical development of all these aspects and emphasise both the (often unexpected) manner of their discovery and development and the unique features which MBE brings to the growth of extremely complex structures with monolayer accuracy.
Author: Agnes Buka Publisher: World Scientific ISBN: 1848167997 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 299
Book Description
The book intends to give a state-of-the-art overview of flexoelectricity, a linear physical coupling between mechanical (orientational) deformations and electric polarization, which is specific to systems with orientational order, such as liquid crystals. Chapters written by experts in the field shed light on theoretical as well as experimental aspects of research carried out since the discovery of flexoelectricity. Besides a common macroscopic (continuum) description the microscopic theory of flexoelectricity is also addressed. Electro-optic effects due to or modified by flexoelectricity as well as various (direct and indirect) measurement methods are discussed. Special emphasis is given to the role of flexoelectricity in pattern-forming instabilities. While the main focus of the book lies in flexoelectricity in nematic liquid crystals, peculiarities of other mesophases (bent-core systems, cholesterics, and smectics) are also reviewed. Flexoelectricity has relevance to biological (living) systems and can also offer possibilities for technical applications. The basics of these two interdisciplinary fields are also summarized.
Author: Jean-Marie Basset Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 3527627103 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 725
Book Description
Covering everything from the basics to recent applications, this monograph represents an advanced overview of the field. Edited by internationally acclaimed experts respected throughout the community, the book is clearly divided into sections on fundamental and applied surface organometallic chemistry. Backed by numerous examples from the recent literature, this is a key reference for all chemists.
Author: Fred T. Mackenzie Publisher: ISBN: Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 598
Book Description
This book offers a general, interdisciplinary discussion of global environmental change oriented toward the non-specialist in science.The unifying theme of the book is consideration of aspects of both natural and human-induced global environmental change. The two part organization according to this distinction allows for easy reading on specific topics.This book is useful for anyone interested in learning more about Earth's systems.
Author: Matthieu Dumoulin
Author: Matthieu Dumoulin
Author: Alain C. Pierre
Author: Philippe Boch
Author: Ahmed Belasri
Author: Ian Freestone
Author: John Wilfred Orton
Author: Agnes Buka
Author: Jean-Marie Basset
Author: 
Author: Fred T. Mackenzie