Author: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute Publisher: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute ISBN: Category : History Languages : en Pages : 174
Book Description
In negotiations on the Chemical Weapons Convention delegates have addressed the question of how to verify compliance with those provisions which relate to the production and non-production of relevant chemicals. In order to facilitate the work of the negotiators, the Pugwash movement and SIPRI gave a group of fourteen scientific and other experts on the negotiations the task of analysing how the current Convention provisions would be applied to a specific chemical, thiodiglycol. This chemical can be used as a precursor to the chemical warfare agent, mustard gas. In eleven chapters and an annexe, the authors present their individual findings, illustrated with tables and figures. The steering committee of the project have provided summaries in introductory and concluding chapters. The particular problems of monitoring thiodiglycol production outlined may serve as a model for monitoring other chemicals which will be covered by the future Chemical Weapons Convention.
Author: Walter Krutzsch Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0199669112 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 763
Book Description
The Chemical Weapons Convention is one of the cornerstone disarmament and arms control agreements, and the only global and comprehensive disarmament treaty that is being verified by an international agency. This Commentary assesses the provisions of the Convention and its implementation, with cross-cutting chapters providing a broader analysis.
Author: Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 9789067041126 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 612
Book Description
TMC Asser Press co-publication with the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), The Hague.
Author: Krutzsch Publisher: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers ISBN: 9004632573 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 186
Book Description
This Commentary on the verification provisions of the Chemical Weapons Convention builds on a previous publication by the same authors - A Commentary on the Chemical Weapons Convention (Kluwer 1994). It focuses on the verification regime established under the Convention and analyses the results of the preparatory phase as well as the practical experience gathered by the OPCW since the entry into force of the Chemical Weapons Convention in 1997. The book follows the methodological approach taken in the earlier publication - a paragraph by paragraph discussion of the text. It discusses those provisions which are relevant for the areas of verification where the OPCW has actually conducted inspections and thus acquired practical experience (i.e. routine inspections of chemical weapons and related facilities, and facilities related to the chemicals listed under Schedule 1 and 2). The book is intended to stimulate and enrich the debate on a number of practical as well as legal issues that have emerged during the practical implementation. It will be of interest to National Authorities and to diplomats following the implementation of the Chemical Weapons Convention, but also to practitioners in the chemical industry and related trade associations, international lawyers and political scientists - whether specialists or generalists, and the interested public.
Author: Ramesh Chandra Thakur Publisher: United Nations Univ ISBN: 9789280811230 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 190
Book Description
The most complex and comprehensive disarmament treaty ever to be adopted, the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) is intended to provide robust assurance that chemical weapons will not be developed, produced, stockpiled, used or transferred. To implement and enforce the CWC and verify the ongoing elimination of declared chemical weapons production capacity and stockpiles, the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) inspects military and industrial sites in dozens of countries. OPCW membership now embraces over 95 percent of the world's population and 98 percent of the relevant global chemical industry. This book provides an in-depth explanation of the notable achievements of the CWC in a relatively short span since 1997, and examines the issues that must be addressed to ensure the regime's continuing vitality in the context of dynamic changes in the security environment, and in science, industry and technology. Featuring contributions from government and OPCW officials and experts in international law, industry, government and media, this volume highlights the challenges in implementation and assesses and recommends the means necessary to preserve the global ban on chemical weapons perpetually.
Author: Ralf Trapp Publisher: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute ISBN: Category : History Languages : en Pages : 144
Book Description
The use of chemical weapons may have started with World War I, but as a result of the armed conflicts in the Middle East the monitoring of chemical production has gained an unprecedented immediacy. This volume is the first comprehensive analysis of on-site test inspections conducted in the chemical industry. These inspections helped to design and test the verification mechanisms for future international Chemical Weapons Conventions. The author analyzes these inspections to predict future inspection methods. He also describes problems encountered and proposes improvements to increase the efficiency of the verification system.
Author: Jonathan Tucker Publisher: Anchor ISBN: 0307430103 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 476
Book Description
In this important and revelatory book, Jonathan Tucker, a leading expert on chemical and biological weapons, chronicles the lethal history of chemical warfare from World War I to the present. At the turn of the twentieth century, the rise of synthetic chemistry made the large-scale use of toxic chemicals on the battlefield both feasible and cheap. Tucker explores the long debate over the military utility and morality of chemical warfare, from the first chlorine gas attack at Ypres in 1915 to Hitler’s reluctance to use nerve agents (he believed, incorrectly, that the U.S. could retaliate in kind) to Saddam Hussein’s gassing of his own people, and concludes with the emergent threat of chemical terrorism. Moving beyond history to the twenty-first century, War of Nerves makes clear that we are at a crossroads that could lead either to the further spread of these weapons or to their ultimate abolition.
Author: Michael Crowley Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry ISBN: 1788014723 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 672
Book Description
The life and chemical sciences are in the midst of a period of rapid and revolutionary transformation that will undoubtedly bring societal benefits but also have potentially malign applications, notably in the development of chemical weapons. Such concerns are exacerbated by the unstable international security environment and the changing nature of armed conflict, which could fuel a desire by certain States to retain and use existing chemical weapons, as well as increase State interest in creating new weapons; whilst a broader range of actors may seek to employ diverse toxic chemicals as improvised weapons. Stark indications of the multi-faceted dangers we face can be seen in the chemical weapons attacks against civilians and combatants in Iraq and Syria, and also in more targeted chemical assassination operations in Malaysia and the UK. Using a multi-disciplinary approach, and drawing upon an international group of experts, this book analyses current and likely near-future advances in relevant science and technology, assessing the risks of their misuse. The book examines the current capabilities, limitations and failures of the existing international arms control and disarmament architecture – notably the Chemical Weapons Convention – in preventing the development and use of chemical weapons. Through the employment of a novel Holistic Arms Control methodology, the authors also look beyond the bounds of such treaties, to explore the full range of international law, international agreements and regulatory mechanisms potentially applicable to weapons employing toxic chemical agents, in order to develop recommendations for more effective routes to combat their proliferation and misuse. A particular emphasis is given to the roles that chemical and life scientists, health professionals and wider informed activist civil society can play in protecting the prohibition against poison and chemical weapons; and in working with States to build effective and responsive measures to ensure that the rapid scientific and technological advances are safeguarded from hostile use and are instead employed for the benefit of us all.
Author: Daniel H. Joyner Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 9780754629535 Category : Arms control Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This volume features a selection of the best scholarship on international law as it is relevant to the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. The essays consider the nonproliferation legal regime as a normative system and offer a more discrete consideration of international law in each weapons of mass destruction technology area. The role, authority and track record of the UN Security Council in this area are also evaluated.
Author: Bretislav Friedrich Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319516647 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 404
Book Description
This book is open access under a CC BY-NC 2.5 license. On April 22, 1915, the German military released 150 tons of chlorine gas at Ypres, Belgium. Carried by a long-awaited wind, the chlorine cloud passed within a few minutes through the British and French trenches, leaving behind at least 1,000 dead and 4,000 injured. This chemical attack, which amounted to the first use of a weapon of mass destruction, marks a turning point in world history. The preparation as well as the execution of the gas attack was orchestrated by Fritz Haber, the director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry in Berlin-Dahlem. During World War I, Haber transformed his research institute into a center for the development of chemical weapons (and of the means of protection against them). Bretislav Friedrich and Martin Wolf (Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, the successor institution of Haber’s institute) together with Dieter Hoffmann, Jürgen Renn, and Florian Schmaltz (Max Planck Institute for the History of Science) organized an international symposium to commemorate the centenary of the infamous chemical attack. The symposium examined crucial facets of chemical warfare from the first research on and deployment of chemical weapons in WWI to the development and use of chemical warfare during the century hence. The focus was on scientific, ethical, legal, and political issues of chemical weapons research and deployment — including the issue of dual use — as well as the ongoing effort to control the possession of chemical weapons and to ultimately achieve their elimination. The volume consists of papers presented at the symposium and supplemented by additional articles that together cover key aspects of chemical warfare from 22 April 1915 until the summer of 2015.
Author: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
Author: Walter Krutzsch
Author: Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
Author: Krutzsch
Author: Ramesh Chandra Thakur
Author: Ralf Trapp
Author: Jonathan Tucker
Author: Michael Crowley
Author: Daniel H. Joyner
Author: Bretislav Friedrich