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Author: MOHAMED GAD-EL-HAK Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642837875 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 611
Book Description
One cannot overemphasize the importance of studying fluids in motion or at rest for a variety of scientific and engineering endeavors. Fluid mechanics as an art reaches back into antiquity, but its rational formulation is a relatively recent undertaking. Much of the physics of a particular flow situation can be understood by conducting appropriate experiments. Flow visualization techniques offer a useful tool to establish an overall picture of a flow field and to delineate broadly its salient features before embarking on more detailed quantitative measurements. Among the single-point measurements that are particularly difficult are those in separated flows, non-Newtonian fluids, rotating flows, and nuclear aerosols. Pressure, shear stress, vorticity, and heat transfer coefficient are also difficult quantities to measure, particularly for time-dependent flows. These and other special situations are among the topics covered in this volume. Each article emphasizes the development of a particular measuring technique. The topics covered were chosen because of their importance to the field, recent appeal, and potential for future development. The articles are comprehensive and coverage is pedagogical with a bias towards recent developments.
Author: MOHAMED GAD-EL-HAK Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642837875 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 611
Book Description
One cannot overemphasize the importance of studying fluids in motion or at rest for a variety of scientific and engineering endeavors. Fluid mechanics as an art reaches back into antiquity, but its rational formulation is a relatively recent undertaking. Much of the physics of a particular flow situation can be understood by conducting appropriate experiments. Flow visualization techniques offer a useful tool to establish an overall picture of a flow field and to delineate broadly its salient features before embarking on more detailed quantitative measurements. Among the single-point measurements that are particularly difficult are those in separated flows, non-Newtonian fluids, rotating flows, and nuclear aerosols. Pressure, shear stress, vorticity, and heat transfer coefficient are also difficult quantities to measure, particularly for time-dependent flows. These and other special situations are among the topics covered in this volume. Each article emphasizes the development of a particular measuring technique. The topics covered were chosen because of their importance to the field, recent appeal, and potential for future development. The articles are comprehensive and coverage is pedagogical with a bias towards recent developments.
Author: William Joseph Yanta Publisher: ISBN: Category : Laser Doppler velocimeter Languages : en Pages : 104
Book Description
Turbulence measurements with a Laser Doppler Velocimeter (LDV) using the dual scatter or differential Doppler mode have been made in a subsonic, fully developed channel flow. The measurements were made using only those light scattering particles occurring naturally in air. Results include mean velocity profiles, turbulence intensities, Reynolds stress distributions and a skewness measurement of the velocity distribution function across the channel. Statistical techniques were used to obtain the various turbulence parameters. Guidelines have been established for the amount of data needed to obtain results with a specified accuracy and confidence level. Measurements have also been made to determine the particle-size distribution. An aerodynamic means was used to determine the size distribution, in contrast to the usual optical procedures. (Modified author abstract).
Author: John D. Ferry Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 9780471048947 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 676
Book Description
Viscoelastic behavior reflects the combined viscous and elastic responses, under mechanical stress, of materials which are intermediate between liquids and solids in character. Polymers the basic materials of the rubber and plastic industries and important to the textile, petroleum, automobile, paper, and pharmaceutical industries as well exhibit viscoelasticity to a pronounced degree. Their viscoelastic properties determine the mechanical performance of the final products of these industries, and also the success of processing methods at intermediate stages of production. Viscoelastic Properties of Polymers examines, in detail, the effects of the many variables on which the basic viscoelastic properties depend. These include temperature, pressure, and time; polymer chemical composition, molecular weight and weight distribution, branching and crystallinity; dilution with solvents or plasticizers; and mixture with other materials to form composite systems. With guidance by molecular theory, the dependence of viscoelastic properties on these variables can be simplified by introducing certain ancillary concepts such as the fractional free volume, the monomeric friction coefficient, and the spacing between entanglement loci, to provide a qualitative understanding and in many cases a quantitative prediction of how to achieve desired results. The phenomenological theory of viscoelasticity which permits interrelation of the results of different types of experiments is presented first, with many useful approximation procedures for calculations given. A wide variety of experimental methods is then described, with critical evaluation of their applicability to polymeric materials of different consistencies and in different regions of the time scale (or, for oscillating deformations, the frequency scale). A review of the present state of molecular theory follows, so that viscoelasticity can be related to the motions of flexible polymer molecules and their entanglements and network junctions. The dependence of viscoestic properties on temperature and pressure, and its descriptions using reduced variables, are discussed in detail. Several chapters are then devoted to the dependence of viscoelastic properties on chemical composition, molecular weight, presence of diluents, and other features, for several characteristic classes of polymer materials. Finally, a few examples are given to illustrate the many potential applications of these principles to practical problems in the processing and use of rubbers, plastics, and fibers, and in the control of vibration and noise. The third edition has been brought up to date to reflect the important developments, in a decade of exceptionally active research, which have led to a wider use of polymers, and a wider recognition of the importance and range of application of viscoelastic properties. Additional data have been incorporated, and the book s chapters on dilute solutions, theory of undiluted polymers, plateau and terminal zones, cross-linked polymers, and concentrated solutions have been extensively rewritten to take into account new theories and new experimental results. Technical managers and research workers in the wide range of industries in which polymers play an important role will find that the book provides basic information for practical applications, and graduate students in chemistry and engineering will find, in its illustrations with real data and real numbers, an accessible introduction to the principles of viscoelasticity.
Author: Albert Gyr Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642509711 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 617
Book Description
In 1976 a similar titled IUTAM Symposium (Structure of Turbulence and Drag Reduction) was held in Washington . However, the progress made during the last thirteen years as weil as the much promising current research desired a second one this year. In Washington drag reduction by additives and by direct manipulation of the walls (compliant walls and heated surfaces) were discussed. In the meantime it became evident that drag reduction also occurs when turbulence is influenced by geometrical means, e.g. by influencing the pressure distribution by the shape of the body (airfoils) or by the introduction of streamwise perturbances on a body (riblets). In the recent years turbulence research has seen increasing attention being focused on the investigation of coherent structures, mainly in Newtonian fluids. We all know that these structures are a significant feature of turbulent flows, playing an important role in the energy balance in such flows. However their place in turbulence theories as weil as the factors influencing their development are still poorly understood. Consequently, the investigation of phenomena in which the properties of coherent structures are alte red provides a promising means of improving our understanding of turbulent flows in general.
Author: United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Division Publisher: ISBN: Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 956
Author: MOHAMED GAD-EL-HAK
Author: MOHAMED GAD-EL-HAK
Author: William Joseph Yanta
Author: 
Author: John D. Ferry
Author: 
Author: Albert Gyr
Author: 
Author: United States. National Bureau of Standards
Author: United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Division
Author: