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Author: Zhifen Zhang Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Genetic transformation technology has been routinely used to produce commercial varieties of soybean, the most important oil crop. In contrast, transformation approaches for sunflower, the fourth most important oil crop, have only been occasionally used in basic research and no commercial transgenic varieties have been released. In part, this situation is due to the lack of reliable and efficient regeneration and transformation methods for sunflower. Using a well-characterized soybean transformation system, a family of soybean promoters associated with early somatic embryo induction was characterized following introduction and tracking of GFP expression in embryogenic tissues and transgenic soybean plants. These promoters displayed tissue specific expression and were active in newly induced soybean somatic embryos. In sunflower, regeneration and transformation methods were studied and improved. Germination of sunflower seeds on a cytokinin-containing medium led to a 6-fold increase in shoot induction from leaf tissues. Use of a short pulse treatment of cotyledon tissue on a shoot induction medium gave more than a 14-fold increase in the numbers of well-developed shoots. A micrografting technique was developed for plant recovery from shoots with over 50% graft survival. Using sunflower cotyledons, a new Agrobacterium-mediated transformation procedure using low inoculum/long co-culture yielded 30x more transgenic shoots than the standard protocol using high inoculum/short co-culture. Expression analysis via qRT-PCR showed lower expression levels of genes related to plant defense response in the explants treated with low inoculum, suggesting that the low inoculum reduced the induction of plant defense, which impacts plant transformation and regeneration. The use of low inoculum/long co-culture has great potential for improving Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of other plant species.
Author: Zhifen Zhang Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Genetic transformation technology has been routinely used to produce commercial varieties of soybean, the most important oil crop. In contrast, transformation approaches for sunflower, the fourth most important oil crop, have only been occasionally used in basic research and no commercial transgenic varieties have been released. In part, this situation is due to the lack of reliable and efficient regeneration and transformation methods for sunflower. Using a well-characterized soybean transformation system, a family of soybean promoters associated with early somatic embryo induction was characterized following introduction and tracking of GFP expression in embryogenic tissues and transgenic soybean plants. These promoters displayed tissue specific expression and were active in newly induced soybean somatic embryos. In sunflower, regeneration and transformation methods were studied and improved. Germination of sunflower seeds on a cytokinin-containing medium led to a 6-fold increase in shoot induction from leaf tissues. Use of a short pulse treatment of cotyledon tissue on a shoot induction medium gave more than a 14-fold increase in the numbers of well-developed shoots. A micrografting technique was developed for plant recovery from shoots with over 50% graft survival. Using sunflower cotyledons, a new Agrobacterium-mediated transformation procedure using low inoculum/long co-culture yielded 30x more transgenic shoots than the standard protocol using high inoculum/short co-culture. Expression analysis via qRT-PCR showed lower expression levels of genes related to plant defense response in the explants treated with low inoculum, suggesting that the low inoculum reduced the induction of plant defense, which impacts plant transformation and regeneration. The use of low inoculum/long co-culture has great potential for improving Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of other plant species.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309437385 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 607
Book Description
Genetically engineered (GE) crops were first introduced commercially in the 1990s. After two decades of production, some groups and individuals remain critical of the technology based on their concerns about possible adverse effects on human health, the environment, and ethical considerations. At the same time, others are concerned that the technology is not reaching its potential to improve human health and the environment because of stringent regulations and reduced public funding to develop products offering more benefits to society. While the debate about these and other questions related to the genetic engineering techniques of the first 20 years goes on, emerging genetic-engineering technologies are adding new complexities to the conversation. Genetically Engineered Crops builds on previous related Academies reports published between 1987 and 2010 by undertaking a retrospective examination of the purported positive and adverse effects of GE crops and to anticipate what emerging genetic-engineering technologies hold for the future. This report indicates where there are uncertainties about the economic, agronomic, health, safety, or other impacts of GE crops and food, and makes recommendations to fill gaps in safety assessments, increase regulatory clarity, and improve innovations in and access to GE technology.
Author: Gyana Ranjan Rout Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0128104406 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 468
Book Description
Genetic Engineering of Horticultural Crops provides key insights into commercialized crops, their improved productivity, disease and pest resistance, and enhanced nutritional or medicinal benefits. It includes insights into key technologies, such as marker traits identification and genetic traits transfer for increased productivity, examining the latest transgenic advances in a variety of crops and providing foundational information that can be applied to new areas of study. As modern biotechnology has helped to increase crop productivity by introducing novel gene(s) with high quality disease resistance and increased drought tolerance, this is an ideal resource for researchers and industry professionals. Provides examples of current technologies and methodologies, addressing abiotic and biotic stresses, pest resistance and yield improvement Presents protocols on plant genetic engineering in a variety of wide-use crops Includes biosafety rule regulation of genetically modified crops in the USA and third world countries
Author: Thomas McKeon Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0128053852 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 476
Book Description
Industrial Oil Crops presents the latest information on important products derived from seed and other plant oils, their quality, the potential environmental benefit, and the latest trends in industrial uses. This book provides a comprehensive view of key oil crops that provide products used for fuel, surfactants, paints and coatings, lubricants, high-value polymers, safe plasticizers and numerous other products, all of which compete effectively with petroleum-derived products for quality and cost. Specific products derived from oil crops are a principle concern, and other fundamental aspects of developing oil crops for industrial uses are also covered. These include improvement through traditional breeding, and molecular, tissue culture and genetic engineering contributions to breeding, as well as practical aspects of what is needed to bring a new or altered crop to market. As such, this book provides a handbook for developing products from renewable resources that can replace those currently derived from petroleum. Led by an international team of expert editors, this book will be a valuable asset for those in product research and development as well as basic plant research related to oil crops. Up-to-date review of all the key oilseed crops used primarily for industrial purposes Highlights the potential for providing renewable resources to replace petroleum derived products Comprehensive chapters on biodiesel and polymer chemistry of seed oil Includes chapters on economics of new oilseed crops, emerging oilseed crops, genetic modification and plant tissue culture technology for oilseed improvement
Author: Johann Vollmann Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 0387775943 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 557
Book Description
When one is privileged to participate long enough in a professional capacity, certain trends may be observed in the dynamics of how challenges are met or how problems are solved. Agricultural research is no exception in view of how the plant sciences have moved forward in the past 30 years. For example, the once grand but now nearly forgotten art of whole plant physiology has given way almost completely to the more sophisticated realm of molecular biology. What once was the American Society of Plant Physiologists’ is now the American Society of Plant Molecular Biology; a democratic decision to indemnify efforts to go beyond the limits of the classical science and actually begin to understand the underlying biological basis for genetic regulation of metabolic mechanisms in plants. Yet, as new technologies open windows of light on the inner workings of biological processes, one might reminisce with faint nostalgia on days long past when the artisans of plant physiology, biochemistry, analytical chemistry and other scientific disciplines ebbed and waned in prominence. No intentional reference is made here regarding Darwinism; the plant sciences always have been extremely competitive. Technology is pivotal. Those who develop and/or implement innovative concepts typically are regarded as leaders in their respective fields. Each positive incremental step helps bring recognition and the impetus to push a scientific discipline forward with timely approaches to address relevant opportunities.
Author: Wagdy Sawahel Publisher: Daya Books ISBN: 9788170351757 Category : Plant genetic transformation Languages : en Pages : 146
Book Description
The introduction of foreign genetic material into host cells is a vital step in genetic engineering. It is especially important when one considers the potential application of gene transfer systems to crop improvement with the aim of engineering specific traits into a wide variety of plants. The book is an overview of the current research into gene transfer technology and will be valuable for those, who are involved in the field of plant molecular biology, genetics, biochemistry, physiology and biotechnology. Contents Chapter 1: Genetic Transformation; History & Definition, Gene transfer systems, Natural transformation system (vector system), Direct gene transfer (vector-free systems), Genetic transformation strategy, Biological parameters, Requirements for genetic transformation, Arrangement of foreign DNA in the plant genome, Stability of the foreign gene, Modes of genetic recombination, Genetic transformation approaches, Classes of transformants, Inter-transformant variability; Chapter 2: Gene Delivery systems; Polycation-mediated transformation, Particle gun, Electroporation, Microinjection, U V laser microbeam, Electroinjection, Electrophoresis, Protoplast fusion, Macroinjection, Liposome system, Ca-DNA co-precipitation method, Silicon carbide fiber-vortex, Sonication; Chapter 3: Strategies for Improving Transformation Efficiency; Plasmid DNA, Carrier DNA, DNA repair, Transformation of synchronized protoplasts, Restriction-enzyme mediated event, Transformation booster sequence; Chapter 4: Organelle Transformation; Chapter 5: Shotgun Transformation; Plasmid rescue, Gene rescue, Promoter & enhancer rescue.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309166152 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 254
Book Description
Assists policymakers in evaluating the appropriate scientific methods for detecting unintended changes in food and assessing the potential for adverse health effects from genetically modified products. In this book, the committee recommended that greater scrutiny should be given to foods containing new compounds or unusual amounts of naturally occurring substances, regardless of the method used to create them. The book offers a framework to guide federal agencies in selecting the route of safety assessment. It identifies and recommends several pre- and post-market approaches to guide the assessment of unintended compositional changes that could result from genetically modified foods and research avenues to fill the knowledge gaps.
Author: Denis J. Murphy Publisher: ISBN: Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 344
Book Description
This book is the first to address directly the exciting new vistas opened up for oil crops following the molecular biology 2revolution2 of the 1980s and 1990s. Its wide-ranging coverage includes: - the major oil crops - biochemistry of oil synthesis - transformation of oil crops - release of transgenic oil crops - future prospects for oil crops We are all facing the ominous problem of finding alternative renewable resources to the slow but sure depletion of non-renewable fossil oils. With its invaluable information on genetically engineered oil crops and their use in consumer, food and non-food products, 2Designer Oil Crops2 is a vital contribution to solving this problem. Denis Murphy is Head of the Brassica and Oilseeds Research Department at the John Innes Centre, Norwich (UK), one of the largest plant biotechnology institutes in Europe.
Author: Selvi Subramanian Publisher: ISBN: Category : Electronic books Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Genetic manipulation is a strong tool for modifying crops to produce a considerably wider range of valuable products which gratifies human health benefits and industrial needs. Oilseed crops can be modified both for improving the existing lipid products and engineering novel lipid products. Global demand for vegetable oils is rising as a result of rising per capita consumption of oil in our dietary habits and its use in biofuels. There are numerous potential markets for renewable, carbon-neutral, ,Äòeco-friendly,Äô oil-based compounds produced by crops as substitutes for non-renewable petroleum products. Existing oil crops, on the other hand, have limited fatty acid compositions, making them unsuitable for use as industrial feedstocks. As a result, increasing oil output is necessary to fulfill rising demand. Increasing the oil content of oilseed crops is one way to increase oil yield without expanding the area under cultivation. Besides, the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical values of oilseed crops are being improved by genetic engineering techniques. This chapter addresses the current state of the art gene manipulation strategies followed in oilseed crops for oil modification to fulfill the growing human needs.
Author: Kin-Ying To Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand ISBN: 1839624507 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 136
Book Description
Due to rapid population growth, climate change, and decreasing natural resources, growing sufficient crops with high productivity, resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses, and other attractive traits is a major challenge. Conventional breeding methods require time-consuming genetic crosses between different parents for multiple generations. By contrast, plant transformation is defined as the insertion of DNA from any organism into the genome of a plant species, and it is considered to be a powerful tool in plant breeding. This book aims to provide professional state-of-the-art information for basic and applied scientists and plant breeders, focusing on key crop plants. Papers related to the principle and application of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, step-by-step protocols of DNA delivery to the important crop Brassica oleracea and higher-plant chloroplasts, current progress and prospects of virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in higher plants, improvement of grapevine through biotechnology, and public concern of biosafety issues regarding genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are all included in this book. It should be useful for students, breeders, and researchers in the field of transgenic crops around the world.
Author: Zhifen Zhang
Author: Zhifen Zhang
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Author: Gyana Ranjan Rout
Author: Thomas McKeon
Author: Johann Vollmann
Author: Wagdy Sawahel
Author: National Research Council
Author: Denis J. Murphy
Author: Selvi Subramanian
Author: Kin-Ying To