Upper-Ocean Processes Under the Stratus Cloud Deck in the Southeast Pacific Ocean PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Upper-Ocean Processes Under the Stratus Cloud Deck in the Southeast Pacific Ocean PDF full book. Access full book title Upper-Ocean Processes Under the Stratus Cloud Deck in the Southeast Pacific Ocean by . Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 20
Book Description
The annual mean heat budget of the upper ocean beneath the stratocumulus/stratus cloud deck in the southeast Pacific is estimated using Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) and an eddy-resolving Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM). Both are compared with estimates based on Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) Improved Meteorological (IMET) buoy observations at 208S, 858W. Net surface heat fluxes are positive (warming) over most of the area under the stratus cloud deck. Upper-ocean processes responsible for balancing the surface heat flux are examined by estimating each term in the heat equation. In contrast to surface heat fluxes, geostrophic transport in the upper 50 meters causes net cooling in most of the stratus cloud deck region. Ekman transport provides net warming north of the IMET site and net cooling south of the IMET site. Although the eddy heat flux divergence term can be comparable to other terms at a particular location, such as the IMET mooring site, it is negligible for the entire stratus region when area averaged because it is not spatially coherent in the open ocean. Although cold-core eddies are often generated near the coast in the eddy-resolving model, they do not significantly impact the heat budget in the open ocean in the southeast Pacific.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 20
Book Description
The annual mean heat budget of the upper ocean beneath the stratocumulus/stratus cloud deck in the southeast Pacific is estimated using Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) and an eddy-resolving Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM). Both are compared with estimates based on Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) Improved Meteorological (IMET) buoy observations at 208S, 858W. Net surface heat fluxes are positive (warming) over most of the area under the stratus cloud deck. Upper-ocean processes responsible for balancing the surface heat flux are examined by estimating each term in the heat equation. In contrast to surface heat fluxes, geostrophic transport in the upper 50 meters causes net cooling in most of the stratus cloud deck region. Ekman transport provides net warming north of the IMET site and net cooling south of the IMET site. Although the eddy heat flux divergence term can be comparable to other terms at a particular location, such as the IMET mooring site, it is negligible for the entire stratus region when area averaged because it is not spatially coherent in the open ocean. Although cold-core eddies are often generated near the coast in the eddy-resolving model, they do not significantly impact the heat budget in the open ocean in the southeast Pacific.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 18
Book Description
Persistent stratus/stratocumulus cloud decks in the southeast Pacific near the coasts of Peru and northern Chile play an important role in regional and global climate variability. Interannual variability of the upper ocean under stratus cloud decks in the southeast Pacific is investigated using ocean general circulation model (OGCM) experiments. The model was first forced with daily surface fluxes based on the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis and satellite-derived surface shortwave and longwave radiation for the period of 1979-2004. Gridded surface heat flux estimates used in the model integration agree well with those based on Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) Improved Meteorology (IMET) buoy measurements at 208S, 858W. Also, the OGCM is able to reproduce well the observed interannual SST and sea surface height variations in this region. The results suggest that the interannual variation of the upper ocean north of 208S is mostly associated with ENSO variability. Additional model experiments were conducted to examine the relative importance of ocean dynamics and surface heat fluxes in determining the interannual variation in SST. The results of these experiments indicate that upper-ocean dynamics play a dominant role in controlling the interannual variation of SST north of 208S in the stratus cloud region. The upper-ocean heat budget analysis shows that meridional heat advection associated with ENSO events primarily controls the interannual SST variation in the stratus cloud region north of 208S.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 128
Book Description
The surface mooring component of the CLIVAR Long Term Evolution and Coupling of the Boundary Layers in the Stratus Deck Regions study (STRATUS) took place from October 2000 in the eastern tropical Pacific. As part of the Eastern Pacific Investigation of Climate Processes in the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere System (EPIC), STRATUS is a CLIVAR study with the goal of investigating links between sea surface temperature variability in the eastern tropical Pacific and climate over the American continents. This study started a three-year occupation off Chili in order to collect accurate time series of surface forcing and upper ocean variability. The Upper Ocean Processes (UOP) Group at WHOl deployed one fully instrumented surface mooring near 200S 85%W in October 2000, at the western edge of the stratocumulus cloud deck found west of Peru and Chile, to achieve a good understanding of the role of clouds in the eastern Pacific in modulating atmosphere-ocean coupling. Data from the moorings will improve our understanding of the air-sea fluxes and be used to examine the processes that control sea surface temperature in the cold tongue/intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) and in the stratus deck region. The first surface mooring (STRATUS 1) was deployed in October 2000 by the UOP group and replaced by a second mooring one year later with almost identical instrumentation (STRATUS 2). STRATUS 1 was equipped with meteorological instrumentation, including two Improved METeorological (IMET) systems. The mooring also carried Vector Measuring Current Meters (VMCMs), single point temperature, salinity and conductivity recorders, and an acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) to monitor the upper 500m of the ocean. In addition to the traditional instruments, several other experimental instruments were deployed with limited success on the mooring line including an acoustic current meter, bio-optical instrumentation packages, and an a
Author: Tong Lee Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2889631206 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 867
Book Description
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Author: Yangang Liu Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1119528992 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 483
Book Description
Improving weather and climate prediction with better representation of fast processes in atmospheric models Many atmospheric processes that influence Earth’s weather and climate occur at spatiotemporal scales that are too small to be resolved in large scale models. They must be parameterized, which means approximately representing them by variables that can be resolved by model grids. Fast Processes in Large Scale Atmospheric Models: Progress, Challenges and Opportunities explores ways to better investigate and represent multiple parameterized processes in models and thus improve their ability to make accurate climate and weather predictions. Volume highlights include: Historical development of the parameterization of fast processes in numerical models Different types of major sub-grid processes and their parameterizations Efforts to unify the treatment of individual processes and their interactions Top-down versus bottom-up approaches across multiple scales Measurement techniques, observational studies, and frameworks for model evaluation Emerging challenges, new opportunities, and future research directions The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Author: 
Author: 
Author: 
Author: Charlotte Vallée
Author: 
Author: 
Author: Yun He
Author: Tong Lee
Author: 
Author: Yangang Liu
Author: James Paul Ormsby