Understanding the Multiple Resource Needs of Leaf-cutter Bees to Inform Pollinator Conservation and the Restoration of Reclaimed Mines PDF Download
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Author: John P. Ballas Publisher: ISBN: Category : Alfalfa leafcutting bee Languages : en Pages : 54
Book Description
First, I described the physical characteristics of leaves found on a reclaimed mine in order to determine traits associated with leaf choice. This study focused on a representative species of leaf-cutter bee, Megachile rotundata, because of its abundance at the study site and the availability of published data on the species of leaves it uses for nesting. The 59 surveyed species of leaves were divided into two groups: those which are used by M. rotundata at the study site or in the literature, and those that are not used. By measuring the toughness, trichome density, useable area, and other traits of each leaf, species used and not used by M. rotundata were compared via ordination. The physical characteristics of used and unused leaves differed, but no one trait completely distinguished the two groups. Other untested traits may contribute to preference. The interactions of traits are complex, but toughness is a large factor determining usability. By ordinating leaf species from their traits, differences were clearly visualized. This study also documented species of plants used by M. rotundata that have not yet been observed, including the petals of multiple forbs.
Author: John P. Ballas Publisher: ISBN: Category : Alfalfa leafcutting bee Languages : en Pages : 54
Book Description
First, I described the physical characteristics of leaves found on a reclaimed mine in order to determine traits associated with leaf choice. This study focused on a representative species of leaf-cutter bee, Megachile rotundata, because of its abundance at the study site and the availability of published data on the species of leaves it uses for nesting. The 59 surveyed species of leaves were divided into two groups: those which are used by M. rotundata at the study site or in the literature, and those that are not used. By measuring the toughness, trichome density, useable area, and other traits of each leaf, species used and not used by M. rotundata were compared via ordination. The physical characteristics of used and unused leaves differed, but no one trait completely distinguished the two groups. Other untested traits may contribute to preference. The interactions of traits are complex, but toughness is a large factor determining usability. By ordinating leaf species from their traits, differences were clearly visualized. This study also documented species of plants used by M. rotundata that have not yet been observed, including the petals of multiple forbs.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309102898 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 327
Book Description
Pollinators-insects, birds, bats, and other animals that carry pollen from the male to the female parts of flowers for plant reproduction-are an essential part of natural and agricultural ecosystems throughout North America. For example, most fruit, vegetable, and seed crops and some crops that provide fiber, drugs, and fuel depend on animals for pollination. This report provides evidence for the decline of some pollinator species in North America, including America's most important managed pollinator, the honey bee, as well as some butterflies, bats, and hummingbirds. For most managed and wild pollinator species, however, population trends have not been assessed because populations have not been monitored over time. In addition, for wild species with demonstrated declines, it is often difficult to determine the causes or consequences of their decline. This report outlines priorities for research and monitoring that are needed to improve information on the status of pollinators and establishes a framework for conservation and restoration of pollinator species and communities.
Author: The Xerces Society Publisher: Storey Publishing, LLC ISBN: 1603427473 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 385
Book Description
With the recent decline of the European honey bee, it is more important than ever to encourage the activity of other native pollinators to keep your flowers beautiful and your grains and produce plentiful. In Attracting Native Pollinators, you’ll find ideas for building nesting structures and creating a welcoming habitat for an array of diverse pollinators that includes not only bees, but butterflies, moths, and more. Take action and protect North America’s food supply for the future, while at the same time enjoying a happily bustling landscape.
Author: Eric Mader Publisher: ISBN: 9781933395203 Category : Bee culture Languages : en Pages : 162
Book Description
"Examines the history of the British fire service from 1800-1980, embracing certain key themes of modern British history: the impact of industrial change on urban development, the effect of disaster on political reform, the growth of the state, and the relationship between masculinity and trade unionism in creating a professional identity"--Provided by publisher.
Author: Matthew Shepherd Publisher: ISBN: Category : Juvenile Nonfiction Languages : en Pages : 164
Book Description
"The Pollinator Conservation Handbook is an indispensable resource for gardeners, farmers, and managers of parks, recreational areas, and wild lands. It will guide you through the steps for creating and improving habitat for insect pollinators, including selecting and planting forage flowers, providing nesting and egg-laying sites, and caring for your pollinator habitat over time. The Handbook also contains an extensive resources section and ideas for educational activities." --Amazon.
Author: Alexandra Nicole Harmon-Threatt Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 90
Book Description
Global declines of pollinators have highlighted the lack of information on pollinator species and communities necessary to improve conservation efforts. Specifically, significant information is missing on resource use of native pollinators and factors at both the species and community level that influence resource selection. My dissertation work uses a variety of methods to examine resource use and patterns at the species level and community level for native bumble bees (Bombus) and how preference, nutrition and competition affect foraging and community assembly. Identifying resource and habitat preference is considered a key component to conserving declining species and is commonly used by conservation biologists for birds and mammals. Although identifying resource preference is also considered critical to conserving pollinators, to date no comparable work has been done on pollinator species. In chapter one, pollen use of the yellow faced bumble bee (Bombus vosnesensekii) was conducted using a Dirichlet multinomial model (DM) by comparing three different models of collection: 1) Use=Availability, 2)Use=Preference* Availability and 3) Use. Although B.vosnesenskii was thought to be a generalist forager, it does not collect pollen with respect to its availability and demonstrated significant preferences for some resources when accounting for availability. Additionally, models that excluded availability were typically superior to those that included availability. This suggests that estimates of preference and resource reliance can be adequately estimated without measuring availability which may be critical for cryptic species and those difficult to identify available resources such as pollinators. To better understand the patterns of resource preference found in chapter one, analysis of features that may influence resource use was conducted. Morphological, nutritional (protein and amino acid composition) and availability (pollen per inflorescence) features of plants were measured for 12 species available to B. vosnesenskii. Plants were divided first by origin (native or non-native) and then by collection (collected or not-collected) and compared across groups. Although it is assumed native species should be superior for native pollinators no significant differences were found when compared based on origin. However, when grouped based on collection, collected species were significantly different for amino acid content, protein, and availability. This suggests that not all native plants are adequate resources to support pollinator communities and that not all invasive species are inadequate and that care should be taken when restoring plant communities for pollinators. Lastly, phylogenetic methods were used to understand patterns of community assembly and competition in bumble bee communities. Community assembly theory would suggest that communities should attempt to limit similarity, either morphological or phylogenetic similarity, to maintain coexistence. Bumble bees have long been considered to limit overlap in a community by dividing niche space by tongue length and thus communities were thought to be comprised of species with different tongue lengths. To test this, the Nearest Taxon Index (NTI) and Net Relatedness Index (NRI) were calculated for 118 co-occurring communities in Nearctic Areas of North America using a phylogenetic distance matrix and a trait distance matrix. Although, long believed to limit similarity by having different tongue lengths this method found bumble bee communities were both phylogentically closely related and had more similar tongue length when compared to randomly generated null communities. This could suggest that patterns of community assembly and resource use may be driven by nutritional requirements of bumble bees and require them to share resources rather than divide the niche space as expected. Although further work is needed to support these findings, the patterns found here have implications for conservation of native pollinators. The observed non-random patterns of resource use, both for preference and floral traits, suggest that significant effort should be made to determine plant species that support native pollinators particularly species that are declining. It is commonly assumed that by restoring native plant communities native bee communities will return but this work highlights that not all native plants can provide necessary protein or amino acids to support bee communities. Lastly, the high level of relatedness of bumble bee communities may suggest that whole communities may respond similarly to threats such as disease or habitat fragmentation and thus may be more susceptible to whole community losses. Efforts should be made to monitor populations and limit damage to communities. While all species have intrinsic value, pollinators are also invaluable to maintaining wild flower and crop plants that support higher trophic level diversity and food security and thus particular efforts should be made to conserve them.
Author: The Xerces Society Publisher: Storey Publishing ISBN: 1612127010 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 241
Book Description
The international bee crisis is threatening our global food supply, but this user-friendly field guide shows what you can do to help protect our pollinators. The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation offers browsable profiles of 100 common flowers, herbs, shrubs, and trees that support bees, butterflies, moths, and hummingbirds. The recommendations are simple: pick the right plants for pollinators, protect them from pesticides, and provide abundant blooms throughout the growing season by mixing perennials with herbs and annuals! 100 Plants to Feed the Bees will empower homeowners, landscapers, apartment dwellers — anyone with a scrap of yard or a window box — to protect our pollinators.
Author: Jodi Helmer Publisher: Island Press ISBN: 161091936X Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 234
Book Description
We should thank a pollinator at every meal. These diminutive creatures fertilize a third of the crops we eat. Yet half of the 200,000 species of pollinators are threatened. Birds, bats, insects, and many other pollinators are disappearing, putting our entire food supply in jeopardy. In North America and Europe, bee populations have already plummeted by more than a third and the population of butterflies has declined 31 percent. Protecting Pollinators explores why the statistics have become so dire and how they can be reversed. Jodi Helmer breaks down the latest science on environmental threats and takes readers inside the most promising conservation initiatives. Efforts include famers reducing pesticides, cities creating butterfly highways, volunteers ripping up invasive plants, gardeners planting native flowers, and citizen scientists monitoring migration. Along with inspiring stories of revival and lessons from failed projects, readers will find practical tips to get involved. They will also be reminded of the magic of pollinators—not only the iconic monarch and dainty hummingbird, but the drab hawk moth and homely bats that are just as essential. Without pollinators, the world would be a duller, blander place. Helmer shows how we can make sure they are always fluttering, soaring, and buzzing around us.
Author: Stephen Buchmann Publisher: Government Printing Office ISBN: 9780160929854 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 48
Book Description
Native bees are a hidden treasure. From alpine meadows in the national forests of the Rocky Mountains to the Sonoran Desert in the Coronado National Forest in Arizona and from the boreal forests of the Tongass National Forest in Alaska to the Ocala National Forest in Florida, bees can be found anywhere in North America, where flowers bloom. From forests to farms, from cities to wildlands, there are 4,000 native bee species in the United States, from the tiny Perdita minima to large carpenter bees. This illustrated and colorful pamphlet provides valued information about native bees --over 4,000 in population --varying in a wide array of sizes, shapes, and colors. They are also different in their life styles, the places they frequent, the nests they build, the flowers they visit, and their season of activity. Yet, they all provide an invaluable ecosystem service - pollination -to 80 percent of flowering plants. Blueberry bees, bumble bees, yellow jacket bees, carpenter bees, and more are explored, including the differences in their gender, nests, and geographical regions that they visit.
Author: John P. Ballas
Author: John P. Ballas
Author: National Research Council
Author: The Xerces Society
Author: Eric Mader
Author: Matthew Shepherd
Author: Alexandra Nicole Harmon-Threatt
Author: The Xerces Society
Author: Jodi Helmer
Author: Stephen Buchmann
Author: Mace Vaughan