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Author: Margaret Bainbridge Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1136153624 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 260
Book Description
First Published in 1993. From time to time the outbreak of hostilities in some part of the world or other brings to the notice of the Western media peoples of whose very existence they have previously been unaware. We may mention two such which have made headlines in 1989 and 1990: the Turks of Bulgaria and the Azerbayjanis of the Soviet Union and Iran. Too frequently, however, in interpreting such events, observers tend to attribute the conflict to the one factor which happens to be fashionable at the time; currently that factor seems to be religion. Too rarely do they observe other differences which may exist between the parties in conflict and which may in the end prove more potent; for instance, that the factor most likely to set people apart from each other as they go about their daily business may not be religion at all, but language. As an example of this, too few have pointed out that the Azerbayjanis of the Soviet Union differ from the neighbouring Armenians not only in religion but also in language, and that this contrasts with the situation over the border where the Azerbayjanis of Iran differ from neighbouring Iranians only in language, in speaking Turkic, for they share with the majority Persian population their Shi'ite Muslim faith. This volume holds a collection of essays on the Turkic people in different countries.
Author: Margaret Bainbridge Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1136153624 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 260
Book Description
First Published in 1993. From time to time the outbreak of hostilities in some part of the world or other brings to the notice of the Western media peoples of whose very existence they have previously been unaware. We may mention two such which have made headlines in 1989 and 1990: the Turks of Bulgaria and the Azerbayjanis of the Soviet Union and Iran. Too frequently, however, in interpreting such events, observers tend to attribute the conflict to the one factor which happens to be fashionable at the time; currently that factor seems to be religion. Too rarely do they observe other differences which may exist between the parties in conflict and which may in the end prove more potent; for instance, that the factor most likely to set people apart from each other as they go about their daily business may not be religion at all, but language. As an example of this, too few have pointed out that the Azerbayjanis of the Soviet Union differ from the neighbouring Armenians not only in religion but also in language, and that this contrasts with the situation over the border where the Azerbayjanis of Iran differ from neighbouring Iranians only in language, in speaking Turkic, for they share with the majority Persian population their Shi'ite Muslim faith. This volume holds a collection of essays on the Turkic people in different countries.
Author: Onur Isci Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing ISBN: 1788317815 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 258
Book Description
Based on newly accessible Turkish archival documents, Onur Isci's study details the deterioration of diplomatic relations between Turkey and the Soviet Union during World War II. Turkish-Russian relations have a long history of conflict. Under Ataturk relations improved – he was a master 'balancer' of the great powers. During the Second World War, however, relations between Turkey and the Soviet Union plunged to several degrees below zero, as Ottoman-era Russophobia began to take hold in Turkish elite circles. For the Russians, hostility was based on long-term apathy stemming from the enormous German investment in the Ottoman Empire; for the Turks, on the fear of Russian territorial ambitions. This book offers a new interpretation of how Russian foreign policy drove Turkey into a peculiar neutrality in the Second World War, and eventually into NATO. Onur Isci argues that this was a great reversal of Ataturk-era policies, and that it was the burden of history, not realpolitik, that caused the move to the west during the Second World War.
Author: Ergun Çağatay Publisher: Prestel Pub ISBN: 9783791335155 Category : Photography Languages : en Pages : 495
Book Description
"Written by a group of eminent scholars, it covers subjects that range from the classification of Turkic languages to religion, literature, the arts, and general lifestyle, from the inception of Turkic history documented by Runic inscriptionson the Orkhon River in Mongolia, to the rise and decline of the Ottoman Empire and the birth of the Republic of Turkey, from the shamanistic cults of Turks in Siberia to Islam, whose standard bearers were the Ottoman Turks confronting Europe in the Balkans and the Mediterranean." - from back cover.
Author: James H. Meyer Publisher: ISBN: 0198725140 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 225
Book Description
Turks Across Empires tells the story of the pan-Turkists, Muslim activists from Russia who gained international notoriety during the Young Turk era of Ottoman history. Yusuf Akcura, Ismail Gasprinskii and Ahmet Agaoglu are today remembered as the forefathers of Turkish nationalism, but in the decade preceding the First World War they were known among bureaucrats, journalists and government officials in Russia and Europe as dangerous Muslim radicals. This volume traces the lives and undertakings of the pan-Turkists in the Russian and Ottoman empires, examining the ways in which these individuals formed a part of some of the most important developments to take place in the late imperial era. James H. Meyer draws upon a vast array of sources, including personal letters, Russian and Ottoman state archival documents, and published materials to recapture the trans-imperial worlds of the pan-Turkists. Through his exploration of the lives of Akcura, Gasprinskii and Agaoglu, Meyer analyzes the bigger changes taking place in the imperial capitals of Istanbul and St. Petersburg, as well as on the ground in central Russia, Crimea and the Caucasus. Turks Across Empires focuses especially upon three developments occurring in the final decades of empire: an explosion in human mobility across borders, the outbreak of a wave of revolutions in Russia and the Middle East, and the emergence of deeply politicized forms of religious and national identity. As these are also important characteristics of the post-Cold War era, argues Meyer, the events surrounding the pan-Turkists provide valuable lessons regarding the nature of present-day international and cross-cultural geopolitics.
Author: Helen M. Faller Publisher: Central European University Press ISBN: 9639776904 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 348
Book Description
A detailed academic treatise of the history of nationality in Tatarstan. The book demonstrates how state collapse and national revival influenced the divergence of worldviews among ex-Soviet people in Tatarstan, where a political movement for sovereignty (1986-2000) had significant social effects, most saliently, by increasing the domains where people speak the Tatar language and circulating ideas associated with Tatar culture. Also addresses the question of how Russian Muslims experience quotidian life in the post-Soviet period. The only book-length ethnography in English on Tatars, Russia’s second most populous nation, and also the largest Muslim community in the Federation, offers a major contribution to our understanding of how and why nations form and how and why they matter – and the limits of their influence, in the Tatar case.
Author: Tomasz Kamusella Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1351062689 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 279
Book Description
In mid-1989, the Bulgarian communist regime seeking to prop up its legitimacy played the ethnonational card by expelling 360,000 Turks and Muslims across the Iron Curtain to neighboring Turkey. It was the single largest ethnic cleansing during the Cold War in Europe after the wrapping up of the postwar expulsions (‘population transfers’) of ethnic Germans from Central Europe in the latter half of the 1940s. Furthermore, this expulsion of Turks and Muslims from Bulgaria was the sole unilateral act of ethnic cleansing that breached the Iron Curtain. The 1989 ethnic cleansing was followed by an unprecedented return of almost half of the expellees, after the collapse of the Bulgarian communist regime. The return, which partially reversed the effects of this ethnic cleansing, was the first-ever of its kind in history. Despite the unprecedented character of this 1989 expulsion and the subsequent return, not a single research article, let alone a monograph, has been devoted to these momentous developments yet. However, the tragic events shape today’s Bulgaria, while the persisting attempts to suppress the remembrance of the 1989 expulsion continue sharply dividing the country’s inhabitants. Without remembering about this ethnic cleansing it is impossible to explain the fall of the communist system in Bulgaria and the origins of ethnic cleansing during the Yugoslav wars. Faltering Yugoslavia’s future ethnic cleansers took a good note that neither Moscow nor Washington intervened in neighboring Bulgaria to stop the 1989 expulsion, which in light of international law was then still the legal instrument of ‘population transfer.’ The as yet unhealed wound of the 1989 ethnic cleansing negatively affects the Bulgaria’s relations with Turkey and the European Union. It seems that the only way out of this debilitating conundrum is establishing a truth and reconciliation commission that at long last would ensure transitional justice for all Bulgarians irrespective of language, religion or ethnicity.
Author: Jamil Hasanli Publisher: Lexington Books ISBN: 0739168088 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 440
Book Description
This book presents the ups and downs of the Soviet-Turkish relations during World War II and immediately after it. Hasanli draws on declassified archive documents from the United States, Russia, Armenia, Georgia, Turkey, and Azerbaijan to recreate a true picture of the time when the 'Turkish crisis' of the Cold War broke out. It explains why and how the friendly relations between the USSR and Turkey escalated into enmity, led to the increased confrontation between these two countries, and ended up with Turkey's entry into NATO. Hasanli uses recently-released Soviet archive documents to shed light on some dark points of the Cold War era and the relations between the Soviets and the West. Apart from bringing in an original point of view regarding starting of the Cold War, the book reveals some secret sides of the Soviet domestic and foreign policies. The book convincingly demonstrates how Soviet political technologists led by Josef Stalin distorted the picture of a friendly and peaceful country_Turkey_into the image of an enemy in the minds of millions of Soviet citizens.
Author: Audrey Altstadt Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1317245431 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 257
Book Description
The early Soviet Union’s nationalities policy involved the formation of many national republics, within which "nation building" and "modernization" were undertaken for the benefit of "backward" peoples. This book, in considering how such policies were implemented in Azerbaijan, argues that the Soviet policies were in fact a form of imperialism, with "nation building" and "modernization" imposed firmly along Soviet lines. The book demonstrates that in Azerbaijan, and more widely among western Turkic peoples, the Volga and Crimean Tatars, there were before the onset of Soviet rule, well developed, forward looking, secular, national movements, which were not at all "backward" and were different from the Soviets. The book shows how in the period 1920 to 1940 the two different visions competed with each other, with eventually the pre-Soviet vision of Azerbaijani culture losing out, and the Soviet version dominating in a new Soviet Azerbaijani culture. The book examines the details of this Sovietization of culture: in language policy and the change of the alphabet, in education, higher education and in literature. The book concludes by exploring how pre-Soviet Azerbaijani culture survived to a degree underground, and how it was partially rehabilitated after the death of Stalin and more fully in the late Soviet period.
Author: Ronald Wixman Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1315475405 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 265
Book Description
First Published in 2017. This book is a short reference on the peoples of Russia and the USSR. It includes approximately 3,000 entries, cross-references and spelling variations, fifteen original maps and information on dialects, literary languages and religions. It is intended for anyone who needs basic information about the ethnographic groups of the Russian Empire and the USSR in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
Author: Margaret Bainbridge
Author: Margaret Bainbridge
Author: Onur Isci
Author: Stefan Wurm
Author: Ergun Çağatay
Author: James H. Meyer
Author: Helen M. Faller
Author: Tomasz Kamusella
Author: Jamil Hasanli
Author: Audrey Altstadt
Author: Ronald Wixman