Time and Location of Mating and Associated Behavior of the Pacific Walrus, Odobenus Rosmarus Divergens Illiger PDF Download

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Courtship in animals
Languages : en
Pages : 100

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Author: James Spencer Taggart
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Adaptation (Biology)
Languages : en
Pages : 346

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Author: Jessica Marie McCord
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Animal psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 40

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Understanding mating behaviors of a species can be utilized to help protect the species. Results of population surveys have shown the walrus population to be on the decline, and over the history of walruses being held in captivity, few pups have been born or survived. Not much is known about Pacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) due to the isolated Arctic habitats in which walruses live making wild population studies difficult. Few studies have examined wild observations of walrus mating behaviors and virtually none for captivity. The purpose of this study was to observe a captive male Pacific walrus for mating behaviors, examine frequency of behaviors, and describe observations. The subjects, one male and two females, were video recorded in the pool area of the walrus exhibit at Six Flags Discovery Kingdom from November 2013 through January 2014. Only behaviors exhibited directly by the male were noted. Behaviors directly associated with mating were considered grabs, rolls, and holds, which could also be coupled with tusk strikes or nuzzles. Grabs were the most frequently observed behavior, and holds were not significantly observed which could elude to an issue with successful walrus mating in captivity. The male walrus used other sexual outlets such as self-gratification and toy use; however, these behaviors were not as significant as sexual encounters with females. There appeared to be mate preference for the female with tusk as interactions with this female occurred significantly more. Pharyngeal sac inflation (PSI) was described as a vocal and visual behavior that has frequently been noted in previous research. PSI and other mating behaviors are likely learned from other males, which could explain possible behavioral differences exhibited by the male of this study. --Page iv.

Author: D. Renouf
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401131007
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 424

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We teach our students of behavioural science that one first defines a research problem, and then the most appropriate animal is selected to investigate hypotheses. The reverse order of events is improper: a particular class of animals should not be studied for its own sake. In the case of the Pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, fur seals and walruses) the organism and the problem are essentially the same. The research questions presented in this volume in one way or another relate to survival in two worlds, the ocean for foraging, and the terrain at its edge or frozen above it for breeding. The evolution of Pinniped behaviour and the mechanisms which underlie it are a consequence of having to cope with two seemingly incompatible sets of environmental constraints. The physiological adaptations for concomitant functioning in two media with very different physical characteristics have produced correlated behav ioural modifications. The energetic demands of reproduction and foraging are idiosyncratic because each activity occurs on opposite sides of the air/water interface. As a result, the mating system must reconcile aquatic design for such functions as locomotion and thermoregulation, with the terrestrial requirements for successful pupping. Similarly, the ecology of this dual habitat prescribes the rules governing the behaviour of the neonate and its interactions with its mother.

Author: Claudio Campagna
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030591840
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 667

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This book is focused on the marine mammalian groups the Otariidae and the Odobenidae, otherwise known as fur seals, sea lions and the walrus. In 30 chapters, more than 60 authors from 30 institutions and 13 nationalities, discuss a broad suite of topics from maternal care and mating behavior, through play, cognition and personality, to adaptation to life in the Anthropocene. The authors explore the behaviors that have allowed these semi-aquatic mammals to thrive in the marine realm. Many populations have recovered following historical decimation, with interesting evolutionary consequences which are explored. Detailed, selected, individual species descriptions are also provided, showcasing the behavioral diversity of this engaging, adaptive and highly successful group of marine mammals.

Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Fisheries
Languages : en
Pages : 112

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Author: Marianne Riedman
Publisher: Univ of California Press
ISBN: 9780520064973
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 480

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Discusses the adaptation, evolution, classification, distribution, ecology, behavior, communication, and learning of seals, sea lions and walruses.

Author: Alexander J. Chester
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atlantic menhaden
Languages : en
Pages : 464

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Atlantic menhaden, Brevootia tyrannus, the object of a major purse-seine fishery along the U.S. east coast, are landed at plants from northern Florida to central Maine. The National Marine Fisheries Service has sampled these landings since 1955 for length, weight, and age. Together with records of landings at each plant, the samples are used to estimate numbers of fish landed at each age. This report analyzes the sampling design in terms of probability sampling theory. The design is classified as two-stage cluster sampling, the first stage consisting of purse-seine sets randomly selected from the population of all sets landed, and the second state consisting of fish randomly selected from each sample set. Implicit assumptions of this design are discussed with special attention to current sampling procedures. Methods are developed for estimating mean fish weight, numbers of fish landed, and age composition of the catch, with approximate 95% confidence intervals. Based on specific results from three ports (Port Monmouth, N.J., Reedville, Va., and Beaufort, N.C.) for the 1979 fishing season, recommendations are made for improving sampling procedures to comply more exactly with assumptions of the sampling design. These recommendations include adopting more formal methods for randomizing set and fish selection, increasing the number of sets sampled, considering the bias introduced by unequal set sizes, and developing methods to optimize the use of funds and personnel.

Author: Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment Program
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Continental shelf
Languages : en
Pages : 760

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Author: G. Carleton Ray
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118714431
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 384

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Providing a guide for marine conservation practice, Marine Conservation takes a whole-systems approach, covering major advances in marine ecosystem understanding. Its premise is that conservation must be informed by the natural histories of organisms together with the hierarchy of scale-related linkages and ecosystem processes. The authors introduce a broad range of overlapping issues and the conservation mechanisms that have been devised to achieve marine conservation goals. The book provides students and conservation practitioners with a framework for thoughtful, critical thinking in order to incite innovation in the 21st century. "Marine Conservation presents a scholarly but eminently readable case for the necessity of a systems approach to conserving the oceans, combining superb introductions to the science, law and policy frameworks with carefully chosen case studies. This superb volume is a must for anyone interested in marine conservation, from students and practitioners to lay readers and policy-makers." —Simon Levin, George M. Moffett Professor of Biology, Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University