Thirty Years of Testing Winter Wheats, Triticum Aestivum L. Em Thell., in the Western Wheat Region: Interstation Correlations of Grain Yield with Vari PDF Download
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Author: F. H. McNeal Publisher: Forgotten Books ISBN: 9780260389077 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 20
Book Description
Excerpt from Thirty Years of Testing Winter Wheats, Triticum Aestivum L. Em Thell., In the Western Wheat Region: Interstation Correlations of Grain Yield With Varietal Comparisons The State experiment stations of Idaho, Oregon, Utah, and Washington cooperated in growing the first regional winter wheat nurs ery in 1931, and workers in California and Montana have also contributed information to this program at various times. The Western Regional wheat-testing Program has been continued since 1931. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Author: F. H. McNeal Publisher: Forgotten Books ISBN: 9780260389077 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 20
Book Description
Excerpt from Thirty Years of Testing Winter Wheats, Triticum Aestivum L. Em Thell., In the Western Wheat Region: Interstation Correlations of Grain Yield With Varietal Comparisons The State experiment stations of Idaho, Oregon, Utah, and Washington cooperated in growing the first regional winter wheat nurs ery in 1931, and workers in California and Montana have also contributed information to this program at various times. The Western Regional wheat-testing Program has been continued since 1931. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Author: Mohamed El Hadi Maatougui Publisher: ISBN: Category : Take-all disease Languages : en Pages : 202
Book Description
Response from nitrogen and chloride fertilization was measured in field experiments on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Em. Thell. var. 'Stephens' and 'Yamhill') grown in western Oregon in an environment with a range of susceptibility to take-all root rot (Gaumannomyces graminis var. tritici Walker). Cropping sequences and expected disease severity considered in the study were: first year wheat after clover (low risk of severe take-all root rot: Nixon I experiment), second year wheat with high disease infection in the previous crop (high risk of severe take-all root rot: Keyt II experiment), second year wheat with low disease infection in the previous crop (moderate risk of severe take-all root rot: Nixon II and Coon experiment), third year wheat (high risk of severe take-all root rot: Jones experiment), fifth year wheat (high risk of severe take-all root rot: Keyt II experiment), and eighteenth year wheat (take-all decline established: the pathogen is present in the soil but does not cause damage, Evers experiment). Nitrogen treatments were applied at 0, 67, 134, and 202 kg/ha in all experiments where wheat followed wheat and at 0, 45, 90, and 134 kg/ha in the experiment where wheat followed clover. Chloride treatments were applied at 0, 45, and 90 kg/ha in all experiments and a rate of 134 kg C1/ha was also used on the Jones experiment. Nitrogen was predominantly supplied from urea while ammonium chloride supplied chloride and ammonium sulfate supplied the crop requirement for sulfur (about 20 kg/ha). Fertilizers were top-dressed in split application with chloride and sulfur containing fertilizers applied first (February) and urea applied later (March) in all experiments but those conducted in the Nixon farm where a single fertilizer was applied in March. Crop response was measured through the effects of N and c1 treatments on dry matter production, plant nitrogen content, plant nitrogen uptake and plant percent nitrogen recovery, as well as grain yield, yield components, grain nitrogen content, grain protein content, grain nitrogen uptake, and grain percent nitrogen recovery. The results of the study strongly indicated that take-all root rot was only a problem in the Jones, Keyt I, and Keyt II experiments and was most severe in third year wheat (Jones experiment). This also was the only experiment with significant (p = 0.05) response from rates of 202 kg N/ha. Nitrogen fertilization was the main factor that greatly influenced the levels of the variables studied while chloride fertilization generally did not have a significant (p = 0.05) influence. 134 kg N/ha was generally the rate accounting for the best levels of each variable studied in all experiments except in the Jones experiment as precised earlier. Crop response was also affected by a relatively long 'dry' period (April 20th to June 20th), particularly in the experiment where take-all root rot was a problem. Levels of the variables studied accounted for by the optimum rates of N were consistently higher in the experiments where take-all root rot was not a problem than where it was a problem by the following amounts: dry matter yields-17%, plant nitrogen contents-18%, plant nitrogen uptake levels-30%, plant nitrogen recoveries-28%, grain yields-22%, grain nitrogen contents-only 4%, grain protein contents-only 2%, grain nitrogen uptake levels-26%, grain nitrogen recoveries-18%, and spikes/m2-24%.
Author: Ruben P. Verges Publisher: ISBN: Category : Winter wheat Languages : en Pages : 170
Book Description
The objective of this study was to compare three genetically different groups of winter wheat for their grain yield. Experimental material consisted of parental lines grown in pure stands, hybrids, and 1:1 mixtures of the parental combinations. Three sites were employed to evaluate possible interactions between the different groups across locations. Phenotypic correlations among selected agronomic traits and grain yield within each group along with the expression of heterosis and heterobeltiosis in the hybrids were studied. Results of this investigation support the general conclusion reached by other investigators that hybrids and composites are not consistently superior to the best conventional cultivars of wheat for grain yield. However, at the Moro site, with the greater environmental stresses, some hybrids and composites appeared to yield more than the parental lines grown in pure stands. At Pendleton, the best environment for yield expression, the hybrids and conventional cultivars did not differ for grain yield. At this location, the best hybrids and one composite did significantly outyield the commercial cultivars Stephens, Malcolm and Hill, but not four advanced parental selections when grown in pure stands. Low to moderate values of heterosis and heterobeltiosis for grain yield were found. The degree of expression being affected by the specific growing site. Plant height and the number of kernels per spike showed relatively higher values for heterosis and heterobeltiosis over locations when compared to the other traits. Phenotypic correlations suggested that a breeding program to develop hybrid wheat should combine high number of kernels per spike with high kernel weight. The positive correlation between grain yield and plant height indicated that increases in grain yield could be obtained by increasing plant height if lodging did not present a problem.
Author: Philippe Monneveux Publisher: Frontiers E-books ISBN: 2889191818 Category : Languages : en Pages : 238
Book Description
This topic is a unique attempt to simultaneously tackle theoretical and practical aspects in drought phenotyping, through both crop-specific and cross-cutting approaches. It is designed for – and will be of use to – practitioners and postgraduate students in plant science, who are grappling with the challenging task of evaluating germplasm performance under different water regimes. In Part I, different methodologies are presented for accurately characterising environmental conditions, implementing trials, and capturing and analysing the information this generates, regardless of the crop. Part II presents the state-of-art in research on adaptation to drought, and recommends specific protocols to measure different traits in major food crops (focusing on particular cereals, legumes and clonal crops). The topic is part of the CGIAR Generation Challenge Programme’s efforts to disseminate crop research information, tools and protocols, for improving characterisation of environments and phenotyping conditions. The goal is to enhance expertise in testing locations, and to stimulate the development and use of traits related to drought tolerance, as well as innovative protocols for crop characterisation and breeding.
Author: P. Brajcich Publisher: ISBN: Category : Wheat Languages : en Pages : 300
Book Description
This investigation was motivated by the apparent increase in genetic variability resulting from the systematic combining of gene pools represented by winter and spring types of wheats. It was the objective of this study to provide information regarding the nature of this genetic variability for nine agronomic characters in populations resulting from winter x spring crosses. Evaluations were made for: 1) the amount of total genetic variability; 2) the nature of the gene action making up this genetic variability using parent-progeny regression and combining ability analysis and 3) possible direct and indirect associations for traits which influence grain yield. Experimental populations which involved parents, Fl, F2 and backcross generations were grown at two locations where a spring and a winter environment could be utilized. At the winter site, the research was evaluated over a two year period. When the two experimental sites were compared, greater genetic diversity was observed at the spring site for maturity date, plant height, tillers per plant, kernel weight and grain yield. At the winter site, heading date, grain filling period, harvest index and kernels per spike were found to have more total genetic variation. From the expected mean square values, it would appear that the winter parents contributed more to the total genetic variation for most traits measured at both locations. A large genotype-location interaction was also noted suggesting that estimates of gene action and selection for adapted plant types can be done only at the specific winter or spring site. A large portion of the total genetic variation controlling the traits measured was due to additive gene action. However, at the winter site there was also a large influence of non-additive gene action associated with heading date, plant height, harvest index, tillers per plant, kernel weight, kernels per spike and grain yield. Of special interest was that at the winter site the most promising parental combinations could be predicted based on the general combining ability effects of the individual cultivars for each trait studied. Such data were not available for the spring site. Consistent and high correlations were observed between tillers per plant, kernels per spike and, to a lesser extent, kernel weight and grain yield at the winter location. Some negative associations were observed at the spring location between these traits and grain yield suggesting that yield component compensations were involved in the final expression of grain yield. The other characters measured did not reflect significant correlations with yield. When the correlation values were considered in terms of direct and indirect effects for specific traits, a large direct effect was noted for the three components and grain yield. The other traits exhibited small or no direct effects on grain yield but did have a slight influence on grain yield through tillers per plant, kernels per spike or kernel weight.
Author: Beiquan Mou Publisher: ISBN: Category : Wheat Languages : en Pages : 138
Book Description
Concerns about the genetic control and environmental influence of various stages of development including the grain filling period, and the relationship between early maturity and grain yield prompted this study. The experimental material consisted of two facultative and two winter wheat cultivars. A dial!el cross, excluding reciprocals, was also developed to provide an Fl generation. Information was collected for 14 traits and subjected to statistical analyses. Genetic differences among varieties were found for time of heading, flowering and physiological maturity, duration and rate of the grain filling period, grain yield and yield components. The facultative types, AI Feng 2 and Selection CB 83-52, showed earlier heading, flowering and physiological maturity, longer lag period (period between heading and flowering), and longer duration and lower rate of grain filling, resulting in lower grain yield. The winter cultivars, Stephens and Yamhill Dwarf, in contrast had later heading, flowering and maturity, shorter lag period, and shorter duration and higher rate of grain filling, giving higher grain yield. For the developmental stages after heading, larger differences were observed in the lag period while differences in duration of grain filling period were relatively small among the cultivars. Depending on the specific Fl population, there was a tendency toward dominance for early heading, a range from no to complete dominance for early flowering and no dominance for physiological maturity. Long duration and fast rate of grain filling were generally dominant. Grain yield was positively associated with the number of days to heading, flowering and physiological maturity. Also positive associations of grain yield were obtained with tiller number, kernel weight, grain weight per spike, biological yield and rate of grain filling. Negative associations of grain yield were noted with lag period and duration of grain filling period. No clear associations between physiological maturity and the yield components were found. Grain filling duration showed no association with yield components while grain filling rate exhibited positive association with tiller number and kernel weight. There was negative association between duration and rate of grain filling period. According to heading responses from different planting dates, Stephens and Yamhill Dwarf had high sensitivity while Selection CB 83- 52 and AI Feng 2 showed low sensitivity to vernalization. Genotype X environment interaction was observed with each cultivar responding differently for several traits depending on the planting dates.
Author: F. H. McNeal
Author: F. H. McNeal
Author: F. H. McNeal
Author: Mohamed El Hadi Maatougui
Author: Ruben P. Verges
Author: Philippe Monneveux
Author: P. Brajcich
Author: William Larry Alexander
Author: Jean-François Ledent
Author: Beiquan Mou
Author: William Ronnie Coffman