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Author: Franz Mayinger Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3662029677 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 462
Book Description
Increasing possibilities of computer-aided data processing have caused a new revival of optical techniques in many areas of mechanical and chemical en gineering. Optical methods have a long tradition in heat and mass transfer and in fluid dynamics. Global experimental information is not sufficient for developing constitution equations to describe complicated phenomena in fluid dynamics or in transfer processes by a computer program . Furthermore, a detailed insight with high local and temporal resolution into the thermo-and fluiddynamic situations is necessary. Sets of equations for computer program in thermo dynamics and fluid dynamics usually consist of two types of formulations: a first one derived from the conservation laws for mass, energy and momentum, and a second one mathematically modelling transport processes like laminar or turbulent diffusion. For reliably predicting the heat transfer, for example, the velocity and temperature field in the boundary layer must be known, or a physically realistic and widely valid correlation describing the turbulence must be avail able. For a better understanding of combustion processes it is necessary to know the local concentration and temperature just ahead of the flame and in the ignition zone.
Author: Franz Mayinger Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3662029677 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 462
Book Description
Increasing possibilities of computer-aided data processing have caused a new revival of optical techniques in many areas of mechanical and chemical en gineering. Optical methods have a long tradition in heat and mass transfer and in fluid dynamics. Global experimental information is not sufficient for developing constitution equations to describe complicated phenomena in fluid dynamics or in transfer processes by a computer program . Furthermore, a detailed insight with high local and temporal resolution into the thermo-and fluiddynamic situations is necessary. Sets of equations for computer program in thermo dynamics and fluid dynamics usually consist of two types of formulations: a first one derived from the conservation laws for mass, energy and momentum, and a second one mathematically modelling transport processes like laminar or turbulent diffusion. For reliably predicting the heat transfer, for example, the velocity and temperature field in the boundary layer must be known, or a physically realistic and widely valid correlation describing the turbulence must be avail able. For a better understanding of combustion processes it is necessary to know the local concentration and temperature just ahead of the flame and in the ignition zone.
Author: L. Michalski Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 9780471867791 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 526
Book Description
Die exakte Temperaturmessung ist ein wichtiger Parameter in vielen Bereichen. Dieser Band wurde komplett überarbeitet und aktualisiert und enthält darüber hinaus die neuesten IEC Standards. Theorie und instrumentelle Praxis der Temperaturbestimmung werden hier umfassend behandelt. (09/00)
Author: Henry J. Kostkowski Publisher: ISBN: Category : Optical pyrometers Languages : en Pages : 36
Book Description
A detailed review of the theoretical methods of optical pyrometry and the application of these methods at the National Bureau of Standards in realizing, maintaining and distributing the International Practical Temperature Scale above 1063 C degrees is presented.In the theoretical presentation, the concepts of effective and mean effective wavelengths are introduced, and various equations relating these parameters to each other and other physical quantities are derived.The important features of precision visual optical pyrometers are discussed and a number of blackbody sources and tungsten strip lamps described. Detailed experimental procedures and results of primary and secondary calibrations of optical pyrometers at NBS are given.Finally, recommendations for achieving high precision and accuracy and the fundamental limitations in visual optical pyrometry are presented.(Author).
Author: J.R. Leigh Publisher: IET ISBN: 0863411118 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 208
Book Description
This book treats the theory and practice of temperature measurement and control and important related topics such as energy management and air pollution.
Author: Hasok Chang Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0199883696 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 305
Book Description
What is temperature, and how can we measure it correctly? These may seem like simple questions, but the most renowned scientists struggled with them throughout the 18th and 19th centuries. In Inventing Temperature, Chang examines how scientists first created thermometers; how they measured temperature beyond the reach of standard thermometers; and how they managed to assess the reliability and accuracy of these instruments without a circular reliance on the instruments themselves. In a discussion that brings together the history of science with the philosophy of science, Chang presents the simple eet challenging epistemic and technical questions about these instruments, and the complex web of abstract philosophical issues surrounding them. Chang's book shows that many items of knowledge that we take for granted now are in fact spectacular achievements, obtained only after a great deal of innovative thinking, painstaking experiments, bold conjectures, and controversy. Lurking behind these achievements are some very important philosophical questions about how and when people accept the authority of science.
Author: Thomas D. McGee Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 9780471627678 Category : Science Languages : bn Pages : 608
Book Description
The concept of temperature. The thermodynamic temperature scale. Entropy, temperature and statistical mechanics. The international practical temperature scale. General characteristics of temperature measuring devices and treatment of data. Liquid-in-glass thermometers. Sealed liquid or gas sensing instruments and bimetallic sensors. Electrical resistance temperature measurement using metallic sensors. Thermistors and semiconductors for temperature measurement. Thermoelectric temperature measurement. Theory of radiant heat transfer as a basis for temperature measurement bu radiant techniques. The disappearing filament optical pyrometer. Photoelectric optical pyrometers (automatic and infrared). Total radiation pyrometers. Novel methods of temperature measurement. Pyrometric cones. Calibration methods. Installation effects. Dynamic response of sensors. Temperature instrumentation and control. Thermocouple reference tables.
Author: Peter Coates Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1315349701 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 202
Book Description
Authored by two highly respected experts in this specialist area, The Fundamentals of Radiation Thermometers is an essential resource for anyone intending to measure the temperature of an object using the radiated energy from that object. This readable, user-friendly book gives important background knowledge for anyone working in the field of non-contact thermometry. The book begins with an accessible account of how temperature scales are set up and defined, and explores the historic development of temperature scales and Planck’s radiation law. Through explaining the reliability of both emissivity values and extrapolation to different wavelengths and temperatures, the book provides a foundation for understanding when a valid measurement with realistic uncertainties has been made, or if an inappropriate emissivity value has been used with consequent unknown errors. The book also presents the hardware of radiation thermometers, allowing the reader to specify an appropriate design for a particular measurement problem. It explores multi-wavelength radiation thermometry and its associated pitfalls, and a final chapter suggests strategies to minimise the uncertainties from unreliable emissivity data.
Author: Franz Mayinger
Author: Franz Mayinger
Author: L. Michalski
Author: Thomas Stewart Traill
Author: Henry J. Kostkowski
Author: J.R. Leigh
Author: Hasok Chang
Author: Charles Robert Darling
Author: Thomas D. McGee
Author: B. B. Brenden
Author: Peter Coates