The Synthesis and Characterization of Amphiphilic Poly(ethylene Oxide)-block-poly(octadecyl Acrylate) Block Copolymers PDF Download

Author: Yi Wang (Polymer engineer)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Crystalline polymers
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
A series of well-defined poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(octadecyl acrylate) (PEO-b-PODA) diblock copolymers were successfully synthesized by reversible addition fragmentation transfer (RAFT) polymerization with low polydispersities (M[subscript w]/M[subscript n] = 1.09-1.13). The crystallization behavior of poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(octadecyl acrylate) (PEO-b-PODA) diblock copolymers has been studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and polarized optical microscopy (POM). The melt morphology of PEO455-PODA19 experienced a transition from lamella to cylinder at 130°C. For the double crystalline block copolymer PEO455-PODA19, the micro-phase separation at 55°C created lamellar micro-domains, which confined the PEO blocks as it crystallized. The leading crystallization of PEO blocks then created a space that confined PODA crystallites as they are developed. The spherulites were formed first when PEO started to crystallize, but crystallites with polyhedral shape finally formed. As for the micelle behavior, the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that amphiphilic block copolymers PEO-PODA with different volume fractions of hydrophobic PODA blocks ranging from 21% to 54%, were able to self-assemble in water forming spherical micelles.

Author: Graeme Moad
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527344950
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1283

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Book Description
Explore this one-stop resource for reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization from a leading voice in chemistry RAFT Polymerization: Methods, Synthesis and Applications delivers a comprehensive and insightful analysis of reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) and its applications to fields as diverse as material science, industrial chemistry, and medicine. This one-stop resource offers readers a detailed synopsis of the current state of RAFT polymerization. This text will inspire further research and continue the drive to an ever-increasing range of applications by synthesizing and explaining the more central existing literature on RAFT polymerization. It contains a beginner’s guide on how to do a RAFT polymerization before moving on to much more advanced techniques and concepts, like the kinetics and mechanisms of the RAFT process. The distinguished editors have also included resources covering the four major classes of RAFT agents and recent developments in processes for initiating RAFT polymerization. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: A thorough introduction to the mechanisms, theory, and mathematical modeling of RAFT Explorations of RAFT agent design and synthesis, dithioesters, dithiobenzoates, trithiocarbonates, xanthates, dithiocarbamates, macromonomer RAFT, and RAFT copolymerization Discussions of a variety of RAFT architectures, including multiblocks, combs, hyperbranched polymers, and stars Treatments of end group transformation, cationic RAFT, high-throughput RAFT, and RAFT in continuous flow An examination of sequence defined polymers by RAFT Perfect for organic chemists, polymer chemists, and materials scientists, RAFT Polymerization: Methods, Synthesis and Applications will also earn a place in the libraries of chemical engineers seeking a one-stop reference for this method of controlled radical polymerization with a wide range of applications in multiple areas.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ceramic materials
Languages : en
Pages : 536

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Book Description

Author: Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
Publisher: William Andrew
ISBN: 0128136642
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 770

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Book Description
Organic Materials as Smart Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery presents the latest developments in the area of organic frameworks used in pharmaceutical nanotechnology. An up-to-date overview of organic smart nanocarriers is explored, along with the different types of nanocarriers, including polymeric micelles, cyclodextrins, hydrogels, lipid nanoparticles and nanoemlusions. Written by a diverse range of international academics, this book is a valuable reference for researchers in biomaterials, the pharmaceutical industry, and those who want to learn more about the current applications of organic smart nanocarriers. - Explores the most recent molecular- and structure-based applications of organic smart nanocarriers in drug delivery - Highlights different smart nanocarriers and assesses their intricate organic structural properties for improving drug delivery - Assesses how molecular organic frameworks lead to more effective drug delivery systems

Author: Peter A. Williams
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470994193
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 344

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Book Description
Natural and synthetic water soluble polymers are used in a wide range of familiar industrial and consumer products, including coatings and inks, papers, adhesives, cosmetics and personal care products. They perform a variety of functions without which these products would be significantly more expensive, less effective or both. Written for research, development and formulation chemists, technologists and engineers at graduate level and beyond in the fine and specialty chemicals, polymers, food and pharmaceutical industries, the Handbook of Industrial Water Soluble Polymers deals specifically with the functional properties of both natural and synthetic water soluble polymers. By taking a function based approach, rather than a “polymer specific” approach the book illustrates how polymer structure leads to effect, and shows how different polymer types can be employed to achieve appropriate product properties.

Author: Ekaterini Karakatsanis
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Book Description
In industry the effective mixing and de-agglomeration of two solid particles is vital in applications that require the intimate contact of homogeneously mixed reagents. One such application is in the preparation of pyrotechnic delay elements with reproducible burn speeds. The concept of surfactant assisted particle micro-mixing is proposed. This theory is based in the use of two amphiphilic polymeric surfactants to form two separate stable dispersions of the two solid particles to be mixed, but with the subsequent requirement that the dispersants are able to interact with each other. The formation of the individual dispersions allows for the deagglomeration of the particles and thus their preparation for homogeneous mixing, which is facilitated by the interacting surfactants. Low molecular mass block copolymers of styrene and acrylic acid and poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide) (PEO-PPO) surfactants are the proposed dispersants which will allow for the surfactant interaction by means of hydrogen bonding between the poly(acrylic acid) block and the PEO. The poly(styrene-co-acrylic acid) block copolymer will be synthesised via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerisation (ATRP) and subsequently used in the dispersion experiments. The synthesis of the polystyrene macroinitiators to initiate the block copolymerisation of the t-butyl acrylate was carried out satisfactorily, with good molecular masses and molecular mass distributions. In addition, lH-NMR analysis carried out on the polystyrene macroinitiators confirmed their synthesis. The use of the polystyrene macroinitiators was successful in synthesising poly(styrene-co-t-butyl acrylate) block copolymers with slightly higher polydispersities in comparison to the macroinitiatiators themselves, but acceptable. Hydrolysis of the poly(styrene-co-t-butyl acrylate) block copolymer to poly(styrene-co-acrylic acid) was successful in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid as catalyst. Attempts to hydrolyse in basic conditions (NaOH) and alternatively in acidic conditions (HCI) were not successful. Use of the poly(styrene-co-acrylic acid) amphiphilic block copolymer to emulsion polymerise styrene requires the ionised form of the polymer and was therefore not favourable to observe surfactant-surfactant hydrogen bonding. In addition, attempts to synthesise a wax emulsion stabilised by a PEO containing surfactant proved to be unsuccessful. Subsequently, the micro-mixing experiments were carried out by using a poly(acrylic acid) stabilised melamine dispersion and a commercially available PEO containing surfactant stabilised wax emulsion. The interaction between the melamine and the poly(acrylic acid) allows for the formation of a stable melamine dispersion at above 7% poly(acrylic acid) : melamine ratio (mass basis). Analysis by SEM shows that without the poly(acrylic acid) dispersant no wax particles are found to occur on the melamine particle surface. However, in an attempt to determine whether the amount of wax interaction increases with poly(acrylic acid) content, it was found that in the absence of poly(acrylic acid) dispersant, the most amount of wax precipitated out with the melamine. This is possibly attributable to the preferential occlusion of the wax particles between the melamine particles rather than surface attachment. Introduction of the poly(acrylic acid), however, shows via SEM analysis that the hydrogen bond interaction between the acrylic acid group and the ethylene oxide group does occur, since the attachment of the wax particles on the melamine particle surface is observed. Although results show that the surfactant-surfactant interaction allows for the micro mixing of particles, some refinement is required with respect to the systems that this phenomenon can be applied to. In addition, factors such as particle type, particle size and surfactant type will influence the micro-mixing interaction. It is therefore recommended that these factors be investigated in order to completely identify the micro-mixing phenomenon.

Author: Costas Demetzos
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128168765
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 323

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Book Description
Nanomaterials in Clinical Medicine: Case Studies in Nanomedicines focuses on the nanomaterials that can be formulated as drug delivery vehicles, such as liposomes, micelles, nanoemulsions and nanogels. Their physicochemical, morphological, thermo-dynamical and nanotoxicological properties are analyzed with respect to the design and development of drug delivery nanosystems for the encapsulation of an active pharmaceutical ingredient and its controlled release. Each chapter covers basic properties, the nanosystem (e.g., liposomes), the added value in drug delivery and targeting, and future perspectives. Case studies and examples of how nanomaterials are being used in clinical medicine, including marketed liposomal medicines and medical utility and regimens are also included. Particular attention is given to new nanocarriers, such as elastic liposomes, lipid polymeric hybrid nanoparticles, organogel, nanofibers carbon nanomaterials, quantum dots and inorganic nanoparticles. This book is an important information source for those wanting to increase their understanding of what major nanomaterials are being used to create more effective drug delivery systems. - Summarizes the major nanomaterials used in clinical medicine, explaining how their properties make them suitable for this purpose - Explains how nanomaterials are used to create increasingly efficient drug delivery vehicles - Includes real-life examples, demonstrating how nanomaterials are being used in medical practice

Author: Anibal C Maury-Ramirez
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783039430789
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 238

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Book Description
Based on five Special Issues in Coatings, this e-book contains a series of 15 articles demonstrating actual perspectives and new trends in advanced coatings in buildings. Innovative materials and multiperformance solutions provide a basis, contributing also to the better protection of buildings' surfaces during the service life, and the users' wellbeing.

Author: Xian Jun Loh
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9812871527
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 229

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Book Description
This book presents the research involving in situ gelling polymers and can be used as a guidebook for academics, industrialists and postgraduates interested in this area. This work summaries the academic contributions from the top authorities in the field and explore the fundamental principles of in situ gelling polymeric networks, along with examples of their major applications. This book aims to provide an up-to-date resource of in situ gelling polymer research.

Author: Suzana Pereira Nunes
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527608591
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 354

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Book Description
Membrane Technology - a clean and energy saving alternative to traditional/conventional processes. Developed from a useful laboratory technique to a commercial separation technology, today it has widespread and rapidly expanding use in the chemical industry. It has established applications in areas such as hydrogen separation and recovery of organic vapors from process gas streams, and selective transport of organic solvents, and it is opening new perspectives for catalytic conversion in membrane reactors. Membrane technology provides a unique solution for industrial waste treatment and for controlled production of valuable chemicals. This book outlines several established applications of membranes in the chemical industry, reviews the available membranes and membrane processes for the field, and discusses the huge potential of this technology in chemical processes. Each chapter has been written by an international leading expert with extensive industrial experience in the field.