The Status and Distribution of Freshwater Biodiversity in Madagascar and the Indian Ocean Islands Hotspot PDF Download

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9782831718811
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 128

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Author: Steven M. Goodman
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 0691222622
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 2296

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A marvelously illustrated reference to the natural wonders of one of the most spectacular places on earth Separated from Africa’s mainland for tens of millions of years, Madagascar has evolved a breathtaking wealth of biodiversity, becoming home to thousands of species found nowhere else on the planet. The New Natural History of Madagascar provides the most comprehensive, up-to-date synthesis available of this island nation’s priceless biological treasures. Now fully revised and expanded, this beautifully illustrated compendium features contributions by more than 600 globally renowned experts who cover the history of scientific exploration in Madagascar, as well as the island’s geology and soils, climate, forest ecology, human ecology, marine and coastal ecosystems, plants, invertebrates, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. This invaluable two-volume reference also includes detailed discussions of conservation efforts in Madagascar that showcase several successful protected area programs that can serve as models for threatened ecosystems throughout the world. Provides the most comprehensive overview of Madagascar’s rich natural historyCoedited by 18 different specialistsFeatures hundreds of new contributions by world-class expertsIncludes hundreds of new illustrationsCovers a broad array of topics, from geology and climate to animals, plants, and marine lifeSheds light on newly discovered species and draws on the latest scienceAn essential resource for anyone interested in Madagascar or tropical ecosystems in general, from biologists and conservationists to ecotourists and armchair naturalists

Author: Joeri Strijk
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Compositae
Languages : en
Pages : 135

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The Madagascar and Indian Ocean Islands biodiversity hotspot is renowned for its high levels of species diversity and endemism. Yet despite many hypotheses and a considerable literature, we still know relatively little about the mechanisms of species diversification within the region. Until recently, the major role for high levels of species diversity was attributed solely to breakup of East Gondwana and the isolation of Madagascar and India (120-160Mya). However, an increasing number of studies, employing recent advances in analytical methods, have shown that the origin for many groups post-dates the isolation of Madagascar. Furthermore, Madagascar is embedded in a wider geographical setting of oceanic and microcontinental islands that vary distinctly in origin, age and structure, and that are also home to highly diverse flora and fauna assemblages. Most of these islands are young (2-10My) and the high levels of endemism on these islands therefore can't be explained by Gondwanan vicariance, but only by recent long distance dispersal followed by extensive in-situ diversification processes. In addition, some groups of organisms show higher levels of diversity on young volcanic islands than on Madagascar, which runs counter to expectations given the greater surface area and habitat diversity of Madagascar. Taking into account the disparity in geological ages among the land fragments in the Indian Ocean, theory suggests that diversification on geologically young islands would have proceeded via high levels of diversification rates and rapid shifts over time after new ranges and habitat became available upon colonization. In this thesis we compare major plant lineages (Asteraceae, Myrsinaceae, Monimiaceae) that have undergone extensive diversification in the region. In each of these families we selected highly speciose genera that are characterized by single island endemism, phenotypic diversity and presence on Madagascar and a range of Indian Ocean islands. We found evidence of significant shifts in diversification rates and repeated long distance dispersals to Indian Ocean islands where Madagascar played a central role as a disperser source...

Author: Norman Maclean
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108499821
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 421

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This comprehensive volume describes the present state of wildlife on a global scale, using a taxonomic approach.

Author: S. J. Hawkins
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000781135
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1027

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Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review remains one of the most cited sources in marine science and oceanography. The ever-increasing interest in work in oceanography and marine biology and its relevance to global environmental issues, especially global climate change and its impacts, creates a demand for authoritative refereed reviews summarizing and synthesizing the results of both historical and recent research. This Volume celebrates 60 years of OMBAR, over which time it has been an essential reference for research workers and students in all fields of marine science. The peer-reviewed contributions in Volume 60 are available to read Open Access via this webpage and on OAPEN. If you are interested in submitting a review for consideration for publication in OMBAR, please email the Editor-in-Chief, Stephen Hawkins ([email protected]) for Volume 61. For Volume 62 onwards, please email the new co-Editors in Chief, Dr Peter Todd ([email protected]) and Dr Bayden Russell ([email protected]). Volume 60 features an editorial on the UN Decade of Ocean Science and goes on to consider such diverse topics as Cenozoic tropical marine biodiversity, blue carbon ecosystems in Sri Lanka, marine litter and microplastics in the Western Indian Ocean, and the ecology and conservation status of the family Syngnathidae in southern and western Africa. This volume also contains a retrospective Prologue on the evolution of OMBAR and pays tribute to one of its early Editors in Chief, Margaret Barnes, by providing an update on her review in OMBAR of the stalked barnacle Pollicipes. Supplementary online videos as well as additional Tables and Appendices are available on the Support Tab of the book's Routledge webpage. An international Editorial Board ensures global relevance and expert peer review, with editors from Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, Ireland, Singapore and the UK. The series volumes find a place in the libraries of not only marine laboratories and oceanographic institutes, but also universities worldwide.

Author:
Publisher: IUCN
ISBN: 2831714249
Category : Freshwater biodiversity
Languages : en
Pages : 172

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Author: Frank E. Zachos
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642209920
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 550

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Biodiversity and its conservation are among the main global topics in science and politics and perhaps the major challenge for the present and coming generations. This book written by international experts from different disciplines comprises general chapters on diversity and its measurement, human impacts on biodiversity hotspots on a global scale, human diversity itself and various geographic regions exhibiting high levels of diversity. The areas covered range from genetics and taxonomy to evolutionary biology, biogeography and the social sciences. In addition to the classic hotspots in the tropics, the book also highlights various other ecosystems harbouring unique species communities including coral reefs and the Southern Ocean. The approach taken considers, but is not limited to, the original hotspot definition sensu stricto and presents a chapter introducing the 35th hotspot, the forests of East Australia. While, due to a bias in data availability, the majority of contributions on particular taxa deal with vertebrates and plants, some also deal with the less-studied invertebrates. This book will be essential reading for anyone involved with biodiversity, particularly researchers and practitioners in the fields of conservation biology, ecology and evolution.

Author: Roseli Pellens
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319224611
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 396

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This book is about phylogenetic diversity as an approach to reduce biodiversity losses in this period of mass extinction. Chapters in the first section deal with questions such as the way we value phylogenetic diversity among other criteria for biodiversity conservation; the choice of measures; the loss of phylogenetic diversity with extinction; the importance of organisms that are deeply branched in the tree of life, and the role of relict species. The second section is composed by contributions exploring methodological aspects, such as how to deal with abundance, sampling effort, or conflicting trees in analysis of phylogenetic diversity. The last section is devoted to applications, showing how phylogenetic diversity can be integrated in systematic conservation planning, in EDGE and HEDGE evaluations. This wide coverage makes the book a reference for academics, policy makers and stakeholders dealing with biodiversity conservation.

Author: Jean-Christophe Vié
Publisher: IUCN
ISBN: 2831710634
Category : Biodiversity conservation
Languages : en
Pages : 184

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"Wildlife in a Changing World" presents an analysis of the 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Beginning with an explanation of the IUCN Red List as a key conservation tool, it goes on to discuss the state of the world s species and provides the latest information on the patterns of species facing extinction in some of the most important ecosystems in the world, highlighting the reasons behind their declining status. Areas of focus in the report include: freshwater biodiversity, the status of the world s marine species, species susceptibility to climate change impacts, the Mediterranean biodiversity hot spot, and broadening the coverage of biodiversity assessments."

Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN: 9251312702
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 576

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The State of the World's Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture presents the first global assessment of biodiversity for food and agriculture worldwide. Biodiversity for food and agriculture is the diversity of plants, animals and micro-organisms at genetic, species and ecosystem levels, present in and around crop, livestock, forest and aquatic production systems. It is essential to the structure, functions and processes of these systems, to livelihoods and food security, and to the supply of a wide range of ecosystem services. It has been managed or influenced by farmers, livestock keepers, forest dwellers, fish farmers and fisherfolk for hundreds of generations. Prepared through a participatory, country-driven process, the report draws on information from 91 country reports to provide a description of the roles and importance of biodiversity for food and agriculture, the drivers of change affecting it and its current status and trends. It describes the state of efforts to promote the sustainable use and conservation of biodiversity for food and agriculture, including through the development of supporting policies, legal frameworks, institutions and capacities. It concludes with a discussion of needs and challenges in the future management of biodiversity for food and agriculture. The report complements other global assessments prepared under the auspices of the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, which have focused on the state of genetic resources within particular sectors of food and agriculture.