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Author: Mr.Dimitri G. Demekas Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 9781557751904 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 50
Book Description
This paper outlines the main characteristics and the development of the centrally planned economic sysetm in Romania before the beginnings of the transition to a market eonomy it then presents the design, objectives, and implementation of the reform program.
Author: Mr.Dimitri G. Demekas Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 9781557751904 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 50
Book Description
This paper outlines the main characteristics and the development of the centrally planned economic sysetm in Romania before the beginnings of the transition to a market eonomy it then presents the design, objectives, and implementation of the reform program.
Author: Raphael Shen Publisher: Praeger ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 258
Book Description
Given the political, financial, social, and economic conditions inherited from Communist rule, Romania's new government concluded that a shock therapy approach to reform would create unmanageable chaos and enduring instability. Though committed to economic liberalization, decisionmakers espoused a gradualist approach to economic reform. The government pursued its objectives by implementing policies it considered functionally operational. Although Romania experienced the macro dislocations and downturns that are common in transitional economies in the region, the country sustained shallower recessions, lower inflationary spirals, and shorter production losses than many reforming economies. This study analyzes how, against calculated probabilities and within a relatively short time period, Romania has stabilized and assembled all the basic ingredients for a successful transformation from a centralized system to a market-driven economy. The lessons derivable from Romania's relatively successful experiment with systemic transformation could be beneficial to reform architects in all newly liberalized economies in Eastern Europe. The conclusions of this study reinforce the view that it is imperative to examine and foster the existing preconditions, including political, institutional, and financial components, before subjecting an economy to extensive and intensive shocks that could be judiciously mitigated or circumvented. Unlike other newly liberalized economies in Eastern Europe, where the once disgraced Communists have returned to power, sympathy for a centralized system has been steadily and swiftly declining in Romania. The primary factor in Romania's success, the author claims, is its circumspect approach to reform.
Author: Grace Marie Charney Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 184
Book Description
This thesis is an examination of the Romanian economy. It begins with a basic description of socialist economies, outlining characteristics and procedures common to many socialist economies. For purpose of comparison, the next section cites recent economic information of Eastern European socialist countries other than Romania. The section on Romania compares its economy to the socialist model; describes its formal structure, composition, and distribution; and identifies trade relations. It traces the development of the economy through the seven five-year plans from 1951-1985. It then highlights economic events that reflect dissent in Romania and economic reform programs. Useful definitions, tabular examples of Romanian trade, graphic displays of economic features, and the text of the 1975 Helsinki Agreement which galvanized East European dissent movements are included in the appendices. Keywords include: Romania; economy; Communist party; development; economic policy; industrialization; politics; COMICON; Eastern Europe; International trade; and agriculture Ceauseseu.
Author: Sebastian Văduva Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319269976 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 153
Book Description
This volume examines corruption and provides tools and that can be utilized to combat it and encourage development. Using Romania as a case study, the authors argue that corruption can be reduced via institutional reforms and effective civic education. Describing various causes and types of corruption, the authors explore the causes and influences that result in corruption and the current political and bureaucratic practices that inhibit social, political or economic reform. The nations of Europe, including Romania, have different civil traditions varying in their intensity, cultural heritage, scope of activity, religious or non-religious affiliation, among other factors. Western Europe has experienced over a century of modern government involvement crowding out the efforts of traditional civil society, while Romania, along with the other Eastern nations of the former Soviet bloc, experienced almost a half-century of systematic efforts by communist regimes to eradicate and control all spheres of voluntary, nongovernmental civil life. Moreover, the inexperience and immaturity of Romanian society in the early transition period after communism, particularly its so-called “entrepreneurial class,” have discredited and abused the concept of civil society, utilizing it solely for tax benefits and selfish purposes. Having had to learn the hard way about some of the key aspects of public administration often taken for granted in other countries more experienced in democratic participation, Romania has most recently made significant progress toward overcoming corruption and implementing reforms and policies that will allow it to participate more fully in the global arena.
Author: Dan Grindea Publisher: ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 152
Book Description
Since it was first published more than forty years ago, Sources of Japanese Tradition, Volume 2, has been considered the authoritative sourcebook for readers and scholars interested in Japan from the eighteenth century to the post-World War II period. Now greatly expanded to include the entire twentieth century, and beginning in 1600, Sources of Japanese Tradition presents writings by modern Japan's most important philosophers, religious figures, writers and political leaders. The volume also offers extensive introductory essays and commentary to assist in understanding the documents' historical settings and significance. Wonderfully varied in its selections, this eagerly anticipated expanded edition has revised many of the texts from the original edition and added a great many not included or translated before. New additions include documents on the postwar era, the importance of education in the process of modernization, and women's issues. Beginning with documents from the founding of the Tokugawa shogunate, the collection's essays, manifestos, religious tracts, political documents, and memoirs reflect major Japanese religious, philosophical, social and political movements. Subjects covered include the spread of neo-Confucian and Buddhist teachings, Japanese poetry and aesthetics, and the Meiji Restoration. Other documents reflect the major political trends and events of the period: the abolition of feudalism, agrarian reform, the emergence of poltical parties and liberalism, and the Sino-Japanese and Russo-Japanese Wars. The collection also includes Western and Japanese impressions of each other through Western religious missions and commercial and cultural exchanges. These selections underscore Japanese and Western apprehension of and fascination with each other. As Japan entered the twentieth century, new political and social movements -- Marxism, anarchism, socialism, nationalism, and feminism -- entered the national consciousness. Later readings in the collection look at the buildup to war with the United States, military defeat and American occupation. Documents from the postwar period echo Japan's struggle with its own history and its development as a capitalist democracy.
Author: Mr.Dimitri G. Demekas
Author: Mr.Dimitri G. Demekas
Author: Raphael Shen
Author: Grace Marie Charney
Author: Iancu Spigler
Author: Sebastian Văduva
Author: 
Author: Dan Grindea
Author: Dimitri G. Demekas
Author: Atlantic Council of the United States. Task Force on Romania
Author: