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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
This report discusses and summarize the role of heating and non-inductive current drive in ITER as: (1) ITER must have heating power sufficient for ignition. (2) The heating system must be capable of current drive. (3) Steady-state operation is an ''ultimate goal.'' It is recognized that additional heating and current drive power (beyond what is initially installed on ITER) may be required. (4) The ''Ultimate goal of steady-state operation'' means steady-state with Q[sub CD] [ge] 5. Unlike the ''Terms of Reference'' for the ITER CDA, the ''ITER Technical Objectives and Approaches'' for the EDA sets no goal for the neutron wall load during steady-state operation. (5) In addition to bulk current drive, the ITER heating and current drive system should be used for current profile control and for burn control.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
This report discusses and summarize the role of heating and non-inductive current drive in ITER as: (1) ITER must have heating power sufficient for ignition. (2) The heating system must be capable of current drive. (3) Steady-state operation is an ''ultimate goal.'' It is recognized that additional heating and current drive power (beyond what is initially installed on ITER) may be required. (4) The ''Ultimate goal of steady-state operation'' means steady-state with Q[sub CD] [ge] 5. Unlike the ''Terms of Reference'' for the ITER CDA, the ''ITER Technical Objectives and Approaches'' for the EDA sets no goal for the neutron wall load during steady-state operation. (5) In addition to bulk current drive, the ITER heating and current drive system should be used for current profile control and for burn control.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 6
Book Description
The ITER Current Drive and Heating (CD H) systems are required for: Ionization and current initiation; Non-inductive current ramp-up assist; Heating of the plasma; Steady-state operation with full non-inductive current drive; Current profile control; and Burn control by modulation of the auxiliary power. Steady-state current drive is the most demanding requirement, so this has driven the choice of the ITER current drive and heating systems.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 6
Book Description
A conceptual design has been developed for a reference current drive and heating system for a HARD (High Aspect Ratio Design) option for ITER. Twelve neutral beam modules, each rated at 1.3MeV and 9.2MW, perform plasma heating and current drive. An electron cyclotron system is used for initiating the plasma and for disruption control. An alternate system has been defined which is comprised of a lower hybrid and ion cyclotron system for heating and current drive, augmented by the same electron cyclotron system proposed for the reference system. 7 refs., 8 figs., 1 tab.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 10
Book Description
Electron cyclotron (EC) power has technological and physics advantages for heating and current drive in a tokamak reactor, and advances in source development make it credible for applications in ITER. Strong single pass absorption makes heating to ignition particularly simple. The optimized EC current drive (ECCD) efficiency ({l_angle}n{r_angle}IR/P) shows a linear temperature scaling at temperatures up to (approximately) 15 keV. For temperatures above 30 keV, the efficiency saturates at approximately 0.3·102° A/(m2W) for a frequency of 220 GHz in an ITER target plasma with toroidal field of 6 T, due primarily to harmonic overlap [G.R. Smith et al., Phys. Fluids 30 3633 (1987)] and to a lesser extent due to limitations arising from relativistic effects [N.J. Fisch, Phys. Rev. A 24 3245 (1981)]. The same efficiency can also be obtained at 170 GHz for the same plasma equilibrium except that the magnetic field is reduced to (170/220) x 6 T = 4.6 T. The ECCD efficiencies are obtained with the comprehensive 3D, bounce-averaged Fokker-Planck CQL3D codes [R.W. Harvey and M.G. McCoy, Proc. IAEA TCM/Advances in Simulation and Modeling in Thermonuclear Plasmas 1992, Montreal], and BANDIT3D [M.R. O'Brien, M. Cox, C.D. Warrick, and F.S. Zaitsev, ibid.].
Author: C Wendell Horton, Jr Publisher: World Scientific ISBN: 9814678686 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 248
Book Description
The promise of a vast and clean source of thermal power drove physics research for over fifty years and has finally come to collimation with the international consortium led by the European Union and Japan, with an agreement from seven countries to build a definitive test of fusion power in ITER. It happened because scientists since the Manhattan project have envisioned controlled nuclear fusion in obtaining energy with no carbon dioxide emissions and no toxic nuclear waste products.This large toroidal magnetic confinement ITER machine is described from confinement process to advanced physics of plasma-wall interactions, where pulses erupt from core plasma blistering the machine walls. Emissions from the walls reduce the core temperature which must remain ten times hotter than the 15 million degree core solar temperature to maintain ITER fusion power. The huge temperature gradient from core to wall that drives intense plasma turbulence is described in detail.Also explained are the methods designed to limit the growth of small magnetic islands, the growth of edge localized plasma plumes and the solid state physics limits of the stainless steel walls of the confinement vessel from the burning plasma. Designs of the wall coatings and the special 'exhaust pipe' for spent hot plasma are provided in two chapters. And the issues associated with high-energy neutrons — about 10 times higher than in fission reactions — and how they are managed in ITER, are detailed.
Author: Luciano Maiani Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 303042913X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 238
Book Description
This open access book examines key aspects of international cooperation to enhance nuclear safety, security, safeguards, and nonproliferation, thereby assisting in development and maintenance of the verification regime and fostering progress toward a nuclear weapon-free world. Current challenges are discussed and attempts made to identify possible solutions and future improvements, considering scientific developments that have the potential to increase the effectiveness of implementation of international regimes, particularly in critical areas, technology foresight, and the ongoing evaluation of current capabilities.
Author: Sergei Sharapov Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1351002813 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 156
Book Description
The study of energetic particles in magnetic fusion plasmas is key to the development of next-generation "burning" plasma fusion experiments, such as the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) and the Demonstration Power Station (DEMO). This book provides a comprehensive introduction and analysis of the experimental data on how fast ions behave in fusion-grade plasmas, featuring the latest ground-breaking results from world-leading machines such as the Joint European Torus (JET) and the Mega Ampere Spherical Tokamak (MAST). It also details Alfvenic instabilities, driven by energetic ions, which can cause enhanced transport of energetic ions. MHD spectroscopy of plasma via observed Alfvenic waves called "Alfvén spectroscopy" is introduced and several applications are presented. This book will be of interest to graduate students, researchers, and academics studying fusion plasma physics. Features: Provides a comprehensive overview of the field in one cohesive text, with the main physics phenomena explained qualitatively first. Authored by an authority in the field, who draws on his extensive experience of working with energetic particles in tokamak plasmas. Is suitable for extrapolating energetic particle phenomena in fusion to other plasma types, such as solar and space plasmas.
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Author: C Wendell Horton, Jr
Author: Luciano Maiani
Author: Sergei Sharapov