The Role of Glypican 4 During Mouse Brain Development PDF Download

Author: Stefan Johann Andreas Weiß
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Author: Yi-Huei Linda Jen
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781109524659
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 153

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Cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) act as co-receptors for multiple families of growth factors that regulate animal cell proliferation, differentiation and patterning. Elimination of heparan sulfate during brain development is known to produce severe structural abnormalities. Here we investigate the developmental role played by one particular HSPG, glypican1 (Gpc1), which is especially abundant on neuronal cell membranes, and is the major HSPG of the adult rodent brain. Mice with a null mutation in Gpc1 were generated and found to be viable and fertile. The major phenotype associated with Gpc1 loss is a highly significant reduction in brain size, with only subtle effects on brain patterning (confined to the anterior cerebellum). The brain size difference emerges very early during neurogenesis (between embryonic days 8.5 and 9.5), and remains roughly constant throughout development and adulthood. By examining markers of different signaling pathways, and the differentiation behaviors of cells in the early embryonic brain, we infer that Gpc1-/- phenotypes most likely result from a transient reduction in FGF signaling. Through the analysis of compound mutants, we provide strong evidence that Fgf17 is the FGF family member through which Gpc1 controls brain size. These data add to a growing literature that implicates the glypican family of HSPGs in organ size control. They also argue that, among heparan sulfate-dependent signaling molecules, FGFs are disproportionately sensitive to loss of HSPGs. Finally, because heterozygous Gpc1 mutant mice were found to have brain sizes half-way between homozygous and wildtype, the data imply that endogenous HSPG levels quantitatively control growth factor signaling, a finding that is both novel and relevant to the general question of how the activities of co-receptors are exploited during development.

Author: Howard J. Allen
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780824784317
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 704

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Glycoconjugates Composition: Structure, and Function provides an excellent overview of the composition, biosynthesis, function and structure of the carbohydrate chains of glycoconjugates from higher organisms. It is recommended as a core reference text, providing excellent coverage of the glycoconjugate field.

Author: Jacqueline N. Crawley
Publisher: Current Protocols
ISBN: 9780471163619
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages :

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Current Protocols in Neuroscience (CPN) draws from techniques in molecular neurobiology, neurophysiology, neuroanatomy, neuropharmacology, and behavioral neuroscience to meet the specific needs of researchers in the full range of disciplines that is involved in studying the brain, nervous system, and corresponding behaviors. The editorial board of CPN have assembled an outstanding range of methods to enable users to explore their fields in greater depth and branch into related areas. The one-volume, looseleaf manual features carefully edited techniques with authors' troubleshooting tips and helpful comments that come from extensive experience in using these procedures. Quarterly updates, filed into the looseleaf, keep you and your laboratory current with the latest developments in this rapidly changing field. The initial purchase includes one year of updates and then subscribers may renew their annual subscriptions. Current Protocols publishes a family of laboratory manuals for bioscientists, including Molecular Biology, Immunology, Human Genetics, Protein Science, Cytometry, Cell Biology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology.

Author: Mine Ergüven
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400742347
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 327

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Carl Edward Sagan’s (1934-1996) one of the famous quotation was “Who are we? We find that we live on an insignificant planet of a humdrum star lost in a galaxy tucked away in some forgotten corner of a universe in which there are far more galaxies than people.“ From past to date, well-known molecules, enzymes, proteins, lipids and carbohydrates are studied in the pathogenesis of several diseases both as a diagnostic/prognostic biomarker and therapeutic agent. The underlying mechanism of unexplained diseases and failure of therapies are frequently studied with well-known biomarkers, but remain unclear in many cases. As Dr. Sagan said other keys are still waiting to be known in some forgotten corner of a body universe, we find strength to propose that one of them can be the growth factor with cytokine activity named “Midkine” This book summarizes the extensive up-to-date literature overeview with the lastest work of experts about midkine in a detailed format that conveys its role as both a pathologic factor and therapeutic agent.

Author: Alexandros Poulopoulos
Publisher: Humana
ISBN: 9781493966868
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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This detailed volume collects protocols for experimentation into how neurons connect to produce the extraordinary functionalities of the nervous system. Contributed by experts and pioneers in their respective techniques, the book covers synapses in the brain and in culture, their constituents, their structures, their dynamics, and the assemblies they form, all in the structure of a laboratory guide. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include brief introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Synapse Development: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal guide to minimizing the barrier to entry for the integration of new approaches with existing expertise, producing syntheses that will foster novel perspectives on the many ways in which synapses form, transform, and transmit.

Author: Yuki Hirota
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889669300
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 217

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Author: Tuan Leng Tay
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889760707
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 259

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Author: Martin Götte
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030734536
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 314

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This book provides a state-of-the-art compendium on the role of proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans during development and in cancer. It also suggests directions for novel therapeutic and biotechnological applications in stem cell biology. Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans, as part of the extracellular matrix, are multifunctional modulators of growth factor, cytokine, integrin and morphogen signaling, which determine both self-renewal, senescence and/or differentiation of stem cells during development. Since proteoglycans modulate cell adhesion and migration they are important organizers of the extracellular matrix within the proper stem cell niche. A malfunctioning of proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans contributes to the cancer stem cell phenotype, which is linked to therapeutic resistance and recurrence in malignant disease. This book is essential reading for anyone interested in the extracellular matrix and its role in development. The series Biology of Extracellular Matrix is published in collaboration with the American Society for Matrix Biology.

Author: Wim E. Crusio
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107355575
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 361

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The first volume in the new Cambridge Handbooks in Behavioral Genetics series, Behavioral Genetics of the Mouse provides baseline information on normal behaviors, essential in both the design of experiments using genetically modified or pharmacologically treated animals and in the interpretation and analyses of the results obtained. The book offers a comprehensive overview of the genetics of naturally occurring variation in mouse behavior, from perception and spontaneous behaviors such as exploration, aggression, social interactions and motor behaviors, to reinforced behaviors such as the different types of learning. Also included are numerous examples of potential experimental problems, which will aid and guide researchers trying to troubleshoot their own studies. A lasting reference, the thorough and comprehensive reviews offer an easy entrance into the extensive literature in this field, and will prove invaluable to students and specialists alike.