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Author: B. S. Rosner Publisher: OUP Oxford ISBN: 0191545597 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 444
Book Description
The last 50 years have witnessed a rapid growth in the understanding of the articulation and the acoustics of vowels. Contemporary theories of speech perception have concentrated on consonant perception, and this volume is intended as a balance to such bias. The authors propose a computational theory of auditory vowel perception, accounting for vowel identification in the face of acoustic differences between speakers and speaking rate and stress. This work lays the foundation for future experimental and computational studies of vowel perception.
Author: B. S. Rosner Publisher: OUP Oxford ISBN: 0191545597 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 444
Book Description
The last 50 years have witnessed a rapid growth in the understanding of the articulation and the acoustics of vowels. Contemporary theories of speech perception have concentrated on consonant perception, and this volume is intended as a balance to such bias. The authors propose a computational theory of auditory vowel perception, accounting for vowel identification in the face of acoustic differences between speakers and speaking rate and stress. This work lays the foundation for future experimental and computational studies of vowel perception.
Author: Peter F. Assmann Publisher: ISBN: Category : Phonetics Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Vowel perception appears to be very robust: in the complete absence of any form of context vowels are recognized at a very high rate of identification (over 92 percent correct) - This result is the outcome of a series of experiments which were conducted to assess the role of speaker differences and consonantal context in vowel perception. Chapter one reviews previous studies which demonstrate a considerable amount of variability in vowel formant frequencies as a function of context. Since formant frequencies are generally believed to be the principal determinants of vowel quality differences, such variability may be expected to have an effect on perception- A number of hypotheses are discussed, and evidence for and against each * one is presented. In the second chapter, it is shown that labeling difficulties can have a profound effect on the outcome of vowel identification experiments, resulting in an over-estimation of the role of consonant context. Several solutions to this problem are suggested. Chapter three describes two experiments which assess the perceptual role of speaker and consonant context. The results of these experiments demonstrate that vowels in isolation are readily identified, and that the improvement afforded by context is rather minimal- It is proposed that vowels may contain additional information in the form of dynamic characteristics such as duration and diphthongization. Evidence for this view is presented in a study involving gated vowels, from which dynamic characteristics have been removed- Under such conditions identification errors increase and the role of speaker context is enhanced. Some possible implications of this finding for the perception of vowels in connected speech are discussed. Chapter four presents acoustic measurements and detailed phonetic transcriptions for the data used in the gated vowel study. The statistical procedure of linear discriminant analysis is adopted to determine whether the identification responses of listeners can be predicted on the basis of information provided by acoustic measuremeats. Two specific questions are addressed: first, are tokens whose formant frequencies have values which are shared by more than one vowel category misidentified by listeners? Secondly, are tokens whose formant frequencies are characteristic of a single vowel category more likely to be identified correctly? Under a speaker normalization hypothesis, vowel identification in the absence of speaker context (the "mixed" speaker condition) is determined primarily by the formant frequencies; when speaker context is available (the "blocked" speaker condition), adjustments are made for speaker differences. To test this hypothesis, perceptual data from the mixed and blocked speaker conditions were compared with the output of discriminant analyses of raw formant frequencies and speaker-normalized formant values. Significant correlations were obtained between the proportion of correct identifications of each vowel token and the probability of membership in the category intended (as determined by the classification algorithm of discriminant analysis). These findings indicate that vowel identification responses are closely related to formant frequencies. However, both raw and normalized formant values were more closely related to identification responses in the blocked than in the mixed condition. When speaker context is unavailable, formant values are not the only factors determining listeners* performance. Further experiments are needed to isolate these factors. Phoneticians* judgements of height and advancement showed highly significant correlations with log FI and log F2 values. A regression analysis indicated that the inclusion of speaker-dependent parameters significantly strengthens the relationship- Fundamental frequency and higher formants also make a significant contribution. These findings provide indirect support for the role of speaker information and vowel-internal cues in determining judgements of vowel quality. Chapter five summarizes the major findings and arrives at some conclusions concerning the perceptual significance of context. Further experiments are proposed to hypotheses which are suggested by these results.
Author: Ratree Wayland Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1108882366 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 537
Book Description
Including contributions from a team of world-renowned international scholars, this volume is a state-of-the-art survey of second language speech research, showcasing new empirical studies alongside critical reviews of existing influential speech learning models. It presents a revised version of Flege's Speech Learning Model (SLM-r) for the first time, an update on a cornerstone of second language research. Chapters are grouped into five thematic areas: theoretical progress, segmental acquisition, acquiring suprasegmental features, accentedness and acoustic features, and cognitive and psychological variables. Every chapter provides new empirical evidence, offering new insights as well as challenges on aspects of the second language speech acquisition process. Comprehensive in its coverage, this book summarises the state of current research in second language phonology, and aims to shape and inspire future research in the field. It is an essential resource for academic researchers and students of second language acquisition, applied linguistics and phonetics and phonology.
Author: David Pisoni Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 0470756772 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 704
Book Description
The Handbook of Speech Perception is a collection of forward-looking articles that offer a summary of the technical and theoretical accomplishments in this vital area of research on language. Now available in paperback, this uniquely comprehensive companion brings together in one volume the latest research conducted in speech perception Contains original contributions by leading researchers in the field Illustrates technical and theoretical accomplishments and challenges across the field of research and language Adds to a growing understanding of the far-reaching relevance of speech perception in the fields of phonetics, audiology and speech science, cognitive science, experimental psychology, behavioral neuroscience, computer science, and electrical engineering, among others.
Author: Dieter Maurer Publisher: Peter Lang Gmbh, Internationaler Verlag Der Wissenschaften ISBN: 9783034320313 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 279
Book Description
It seems as if the fundamentals of how we produce vowels and how they are acoustically represented have been clarified: we phonate and articulate. Using our vocal chords, we produce a vocal sound or noise which is then shaped into a specific vowel sound by the resonances of the pharyngeal, oral, and nasal cavities, that is, the vocal tract. Accordingly, the acoustic description of vowels relates to vowelspecific patterns of relative energy maxima in the sound spectra, known as patterns of formants. The intellectual and empirical reasoning presented in this treatise, however, gives rise to scepticism with respect to this understanding of the sound of the vowel. The reflections and materials presented provide reason to argue that, up to now, a comprehensible theory of the acoustics of the voice and of voiced speech sounds is lacking, and consequently, no satisfying understanding of vowels as an achievement and particular formal accomplishment of the voice exists. Thus, the question of the acoustics of the vowel - and with it the question of the acoustics of the voice itself - proves to be an unresolved fundamental problem.
Author: Dik J. Hermes Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3031255666 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 840
Book Description
This book presents a comprehensive review of how acoustic waves are processed by the auditory system into structured sounds such as musical melodies, speech utterances, or environmental sounds. After an introduction, an overview is given of how the ears distribute acoustic information over a large array of frequency channels that contain the auditory information used by the central nervous system to generate a mental image of what is happening around the listener. This process, called auditory scene analysis, consists of two stages. In the first stage, auditory units are formed such as musical tones and speech syllables. Each auditory unit is perceived at a well-defined moment in time, the beat location of that auditory unit. Moreover, from this process of auditory-unit formation, the auditory attributes of these auditory units emerge, such as their timbre, their pitch, their loudness, and their perceived location. Each of these attributes is discussed in the corresponding chapter. In the second stage of auditory scene analysis, auditory-stream formation, the successive auditory units are integrated into auditory streams, i.e., temporally structured sequences of auditory units that are perceived as emanating from one and the same sound source. Examples of such auditory streams are musical melodies and the utterances of one speaker. The temporal structure of an auditory stream, its rhythm, is determined by the beat locations of its auditory units. The role played by the auditory attributes of the consecutive auditory units is discussed. The melodies of musical streams and the intonation contours of spoken utterances emerge from this process. In music, the beats of parallel streams generally fit into a metric pattern, and, depending on harmony, simultaneous tones can be perceived as consonant or dissonant. Finally, the book contains many sound examples including the MATLAB scripts with which they are generated.
Author: J. S. Perkell Publisher: Psychology Press ISBN: 1317768280 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 699
Book Description
First published in 1986. The important implications of speech variability for the future of speech related technology, in combination with the multifaceted debate about invariance among speech scientists, make this a most appropriate time to evaluate the state our knowledge in this area. On October 8-10, 1983 researchers from the fields of production, perception, acoustics, pathology, psychology, linguistics, language acquisition, synthesis and recognition met at a. symposium at M.I.T. on invariance and variability of speech processes. This volume is the Proceedings of the symposium. Each chapter of the book consists of a focus paper followed by some comments.
Author: B. S. Rosner
Author: B. S. Rosner
Author: Peter F. Assmann
Author: P. D. Eimas
Author: Ratree Wayland
Author: David Pisoni
Author: Dieter Maurer
Author: Albert Valdman
Author: Dik J. Hermes
Author: J. S. Perkell
Author: Peter Ladefoged