The Relationship Between Obesity, Fat Intake, Physical Activity, and Self Perception of Weight Status Among Rural Adolescents PDF Download

Author: Tiffany L. McAllister
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Diet
Languages : en
Pages : 210

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Author: Rong Huang
Publisher: Open Dissertation Press
ISBN: 9781361304471
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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This dissertation, "Assessment of Weight-related Factors of Adolescents by Private Practitoners" by Rong, Huang, 黄容, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Background: Weight misperceptions are common in adolescents and doctors' advice may help clarify these misperceptions. Few studies have examined how common physicians assess various weight-related factors, including physical measurements, lifestyle factors, and obesity-related medical risks, based on adolescents' reports and patient characteristics that predict such assessments. Physicians' weight comments were associated with weight perception in overweight patients, however, such association was unclear in non-overweight adolescents. Objectives: The present study aimed to 1) examine how common adolescents received weight-related factors from private practitioners; 2) identify factors associated with these assessments; 3) assess how common adolescents received weight comments from private practitioners; 4) examine the association of body weight comments by private practitioners with weight perception in adolescents, intention to do more non-exercise physical activity (NEPA), and perceived risk of chronic disease for being overweight. Methods: In the Hong Kong Student Obesity Surveillance (HKSOS) project, 33692 students (44.9% boys; mean age 14.8, SD 1.9 years) from 42 randomly selected schools completed an anonymous questionnaire. The students were asked whether in the past 12 months any private practitioner (or their nurses) had assessed their height, weight, waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), diet, and physical activity. Students were also asked to report any weight status comments received from private practitioners. Perceived risk of chronic disease for being overweight and intention to do more NEPA were also reported. Weight status was based on self-reported weight and height. Multiple imputation was used to replace missing values. Logistic (or ordinal logistic) regression was used to assess the association between student characteristics and assessment of each weight-related factor, and the association of weight comments with adolescent weight perception, perceived risk of chronic disease, and intention to do more NEPA. Results: Among 13283 students who had doctor consultations in the past 12 months, 37.9% received physical measurements or lifestyle enquiries, with weight (20.8%), height (16.8%) and blood pressure (11.5%) being the most common, followed by diet (8.1%), BMI (6.3%), WC (4.6%), and physical activity (4.6%). In general, adolescents who were female, older, underweight or overweight/obese, had parents with higher education level, and had actively asked private practitioners for advice about weight were more likely to receive assessments of weight-related factors. Less than one-fifth (16.8%) of adolescents received height and weight or BMI assessments. Nearly 3 in 10 (28.7%) adolescents reported receiving weight status comments from private practitioners, of which 59.8% were correct. Correct weight status comments were associated with correct weight perceptions among adolescents regardless of weight status. Being told by a private practitioner that one is too fat was positively associated with perceiving higher risk of chronic disease for being overweight in normal weight and overweight adolescents, and more intention to do NEPA in all adolescents. Conclusions: Weight-related factors in adolescents were infrequently assessed by private practitioners in Hong Kong. Generally, unhealthy weight, higher parenta

Author: Tasha Peart
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 162

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Overweight among children and adolescents is a significant public health problem in the United States. Epidemiologic studies must scale up efforts to assess risk factors of overweight, by improving measurement and methodological analyses in order to frame and refine overweight prevention policies and programs. The objectives of this study were to determine the relative contribution of physical activity, dietary factors, television/video viewing, and computer use to weight status among adolescents, as well as to determine if the association between physical activity and weight status differs by gender or race. Secondary analyses of the nationally representative NHANES (2003-2006) cross-sectional surveys were conducted among 2, 136 U.S. adolescents. The dependent variable was weight status, categorized as: normal, at-risk for overweight, and overweight; the main independent variables were moderate-tovigorous physical activity, dietary intake (total energy intake, total fat intake, fiber intake), daily hours of television/video viewing, and daily hours of computer use. Multivariate statistical analyses were conducted using multinomial logistic regression models to obtain odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Gender and race were also analyzed as potential effect modifiers on the relationship between physical activity and weight status, by modeling multiplicative interaction terms, testing for departure from homogeneity of the point estimates between categories of the effect modifiers. After controlling for confounders, television/video viewing was significantly associated with both at-risk for overweight (OR = 1.57, 95% C.I = 0.94, 2.63) and overweight (OR = 1.84, 95% C.I. = 1.24, 2.69), meanwhile television/video viewing (OR = 1.84, 95% C.I. = 1.24, 2.69), physical activity (OR = 0.75, 95% C.I = 0.59, 0.95), and fiber intake (OR = 0.96; 95% C.I = 0.92, 1.00), were significantly associated only with overweight. Television/video viewing was found to be an important factor associated with overweight, in addition to physical activity, and fiber intake. The results support previous findings showing television viewing as a determinant of overweight among adolescents. Increased television/video viewing may reduce time spent in physical activity, exposure to high energy dense food advertising, and increased food intake. The findings do not support a multiplicative interaction effect of gender or race, suggesting universal overweight prevention policies and programs should be delivered. -- Abstract.

Author: Teresa Abrahamson-Richards
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 17

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Self-perception of body weight is an important issue among adolescents, a group at risk for body dissatisfaction and negative diet-related behaviors related to weight perception. The aim of our study was to evaluate weight perception among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) overweight and obese adolescents and examine the associations between the accuracy of perceived body weight and dieting and physical activity behaviors. Using American Indian Alaska Native data from the national Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (2007-2011), we performed a cross sectional analysis of weight perception and dieting and physical activity among overweight and obese youth. Respondents' self-described weight status was matched with their body mass index (BMI) percentile using self-reported weight and height. Youth were classified as accurate perceivers if self-perception and BMI percentile coincided or misperceivers if the two were discordant. We evaluated the association between accurate perception versus misperception of weight and diet and physical activity outcomes using logistic regression to estimate prevalence odds ratios (aPOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusting for sex. Misperceivers were more likely to be male and 15-16 years old than accurate perceivers. Misperceivers were 80 % (95% CI: 0.13-0.31) less likely to be trying to lose weight and 36% (95% CI: 0.40-1.03) less likely to be fasting to lose weight than accurate perceivers. Misperceivers were 48% (95% CI: 1.00-2.17) more likely to engage in ≥ 60 minutes of physical activity on ≥5 days per week 69% (95% CI: 1.15-2.48) more likely to attend physical education classes ≥3 days per week, and 95% (95% CI: 1.34-2.85) more likely to have played on ≥1 sports teams during the previous year than accurate perceivers. Misperceivers were also 64% (95% CI: 1.11-2.43) more likely to consume the recommended daily servings of fruit than accurate perceivers. The finding that misperceivers were more likely than accurate perceivers to engage in physical activity and less likely to engage in unhealthy fasting behavior suggests that adolescents' self-perceived weight status should be considered when designing weight-related interventions in this population and warrants further investigation in future studies.

Author: Kathlyn Gay
Publisher: Enslow Publishing, LLC
ISBN: 9780766025271
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
Languages : en
Pages : 118

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Discusses the rising epidemic of obesity in children and adolescents, including reasons for obesity, ways of losing weight, such as diet and surgery, and how doctors are promoting an awareness of health in teenagers.

Author: Wieland Kiess
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN: 3805577303
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 280

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Book Description
Obesity in childhood and adolescence has reached epidemic proportions in all industrialized countries around the world. Its impact on individual lives as well as on health economics has to be recognized by physicians and the public alike. Among the most common consequences of obesity in the adolescent are hypertension, dyslipidemia, back pain and psychosocial problems. Therapeutic strategies include psychological and family therapy, lifestyle/behavior modification and nutrition education. The role of regular exercise and exercise programs is emphasized. Surgical procedures and drugs used in adult obesity are still not generally recommended for obese adolescents. This book aims to increase physicians knowledge and understanding of obesity in childhood and adolescence as well as to further public awareness of the health burden and economic dimension of obesity at a young age. Several chapters deliver insights into the basic understanding of which factors contribute to or prevent the development of overweight and obesity in young people. Other contributions provide tools for the clinician to manage the care of the child and adolescent with overweight/obesity. In addition, knowledge from the latest scientific studies on the molecular biology of obesity is also presented.

Author: Lisa Marie Davis
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Abstract: Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to see if body perception among overweight and obese adolescents related to personal characteristics and health behaviors, including weight management practices. Methods: This was a retrospective, causal-comparative study. The sample population came from the YRBSS (Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System). The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS Version 14.0) was used for analysis of the data. Preliminary analyses indicated sufficient numbers for desired segmentation of the dataset. Crosstabs with Chi Square analysis were used to test the differences in BMI percentile to the perceived body weight based upon sex and race, the differences in physical activity and nutritional diet based upon correct or incorrect body image, and the differences in the reaction to their weight based upon correct or incorrect body image. The differences in weight change efforts were measured by recoding the perceived weights into four groups: underweight, appropriate weight, slightly overweight, and very overweight. These were crosstabulated by the accuracy of BMI percentiles, according to CDC, and placed into three categories: underestimation, accurate, or overestimation of weight perception. Results: Data indicated a significant difference in relationships between BMI percentiles and perceived body weight based upon gender. While there was no statistically significant difference in those relationships based on race, African American and Hispanic students who think they are very underweight are almost all of normal weight. There are differences in physical activity and nutrition based upon body image. Conclusions: US adolescents present with varied perceptions of body weight. Racial and ethnic differences exist in perceived weight status and increasingly express perceptions of being underweight among African American and Hispanic American youth. Accuracy of weight perceptions could serve a considerable role in weight maintenance activities and motivations to change lifestyle behaviors to improve overall health.

Author: Kelli J. Williams
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Diet
Languages : en
Pages : 181

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Abstract: Youth in rural Appalachia are at a disproportionately greater risk for obesity and related health complications than the general population. Inadequate physical activity and poor dietary habits are two primary causes of obesity in West Virginia adolescents. To design and implement regional nutrition interventions combating overweight, adolescent perceptions of a healthy diet and healthy weight needed to be identified in rural Appalachia. Adolescents were recruited in four West Virginia schools from ninth grade health and physical education classes. Sixteen rural Appalachian adolescents, ranging in age from 14-18 years participated in the study. Focus group interviews were conducted with West Virginia adolescents and their caregivers. Grounded theory was used to develop questions addressing specific domains of interest. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed to assess cultural perceptions of a healthy diet and healthy weight. Participants defined healthy diets through statements relating to federal and professional dietary recommendations, including an increased intake of vegetables and fruits while consuming diets low in fat. Specific foods were commonly described to be either healthy or unhealthy. Vegetables and fruits were cited most often as healthy foods, while snack foods, soda, chips, and pizza were not considered to be part of a healthy diet. Portion control and eating three meals daily were also discussed as healthy diet components. Knowledge was often attributed to teachings in health classes, through the media, and from family members with chronic diseases. However, knowledge of and adherence to popular fad diets contradicted some of these perceptions, and a number of students reported never considering whether or not foods were healthy prior to consumption. Additionally, many teens had unrealistic and unhealthy perceptions of weight. Female participants were more concerned with weight than males, but both expressed a social stigma associated with overweight. Many perceptions of healthy weight and appropriate body size were shaped by the media and entertainment industry. Additionally, some participants admitted to performing unsafe practices to reduce body mass, such as very low calorie diets or fasting. Identifying perceptions will provide valuable formative data to develop targeted nutrition education and health promotion programming.

Author: Jyoti Sharma-Maher
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Eating disorders in adolescence
Languages : en
Pages : 306

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Author: Manju Mehta
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 8132222415
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 429

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Book Description
This volume discusses adolescent mental health concerns in non-Western contexts and situations, ranging from common mental disorders to building life skills. It combines previous literature and empirical work on various disorders to provide a comprehensive account of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for adolescents. The volume covers a wide spectrum of conditions, ranging from anxiety to affective disorders and other associated disorders. It gives a practical guide to the management of disorders with specific focus on case vignettes, outlining session details and specific techniques to be used throughout the intervention plan. A detailed appendix elaborating various CBT techniques is included in the volume. It presumes a basic understanding and training in mental health care and psychotherapy and is useful for professionals: psychologists, counsellors, paediatricians and other practitioners in the field of mental health. It is also useful as a text for courses in health psychology, clinical psychology, adolescent medicine and adolescent psychology.