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Author: Tatiana Toro-Ramos Publisher: ISBN: Category : Body composition Languages : en Pages : 163
Book Description
The assessment of body composition requires the use of techniques that can accurately detect changes in total body water (TBW), and the accuracy of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) during pregnancy has been questioned. However, BIA was found to estimate TBW reliably during pregnancy. Previous studies of body composition during pregnancy suggest that the fat free mass (FFM) component of gestational weight gain (GWG) might be more important towards the end of gestation for fetal development while others suggest that the general GWG during mid-pregnancy is more important. Such associations are unclear regarding the components of GWG during the second trimester of gestation, particularly fat mass (FM). Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the use of segmental BIA with whole body BIA and assess the relationship between maternal FM and fetal growth and birth weight. This study further sought to analyze the fatty acid composition of breast milk from a subsample of women with premature infants and their cognitive and linguistic development. Based on the experiments of this research, there was a high level of disagreement between segmental and whole body BIA, where FFM was underestimated and FM overestimated by segmental BIA. With the use of whole body BIA, FM was significantly related to fetal growth and birth weight. In the subsample of women with preterm babies, the concentration of essential and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids was optimal, and we did not find any developmental delays in these children at 1yr. In conclusion, further studies need to verify our findings in this and other populations. As the Brazilian diet transitions into a Westernized one and the prevalence of obesity increases, the study of maternal diet, body composition, and breast milk quality is more important now than ever.
Author: Tatiana Toro-Ramos Publisher: ISBN: Category : Body composition Languages : en Pages : 163
Book Description
The assessment of body composition requires the use of techniques that can accurately detect changes in total body water (TBW), and the accuracy of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) during pregnancy has been questioned. However, BIA was found to estimate TBW reliably during pregnancy. Previous studies of body composition during pregnancy suggest that the fat free mass (FFM) component of gestational weight gain (GWG) might be more important towards the end of gestation for fetal development while others suggest that the general GWG during mid-pregnancy is more important. Such associations are unclear regarding the components of GWG during the second trimester of gestation, particularly fat mass (FM). Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the use of segmental BIA with whole body BIA and assess the relationship between maternal FM and fetal growth and birth weight. This study further sought to analyze the fatty acid composition of breast milk from a subsample of women with premature infants and their cognitive and linguistic development. Based on the experiments of this research, there was a high level of disagreement between segmental and whole body BIA, where FFM was underestimated and FM overestimated by segmental BIA. With the use of whole body BIA, FM was significantly related to fetal growth and birth weight. In the subsample of women with preterm babies, the concentration of essential and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids was optimal, and we did not find any developmental delays in these children at 1yr. In conclusion, further studies need to verify our findings in this and other populations. As the Brazilian diet transitions into a Westernized one and the prevalence of obesity increases, the study of maternal diet, body composition, and breast milk quality is more important now than ever.
Author: Leanne M. Redman Publisher: MDPI ISBN: 3039280546 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 238
Book Description
Pregnancy is a viewed as a window to future health. With the birth of the developmental origins of human adult disease hypothesis, research and clinical practice has turned its attention to the influence of maternal factors such as health and lifestyle surrounding pregnancy as a means to understand and prevent the inter-generational inheritance of chronic disease susceptibility. Outcomes during pregnancy have long-lasting impacts on both women on children. Moreover, nutrition early in life can influence growth and the establishment of lifelong eating habits and behaviors. This Special Issue on “Nutrition during Pregnancy and Lactation: Implications for Maternal and Infant Health” is intended to highlight new epidemiological, mechanistic and interventional studies that investigate maternal nutrition around the pregnancy period on maternal and infant outcomes. Submissions may include original research, narrative reviews, and systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309131138 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 868
Book Description
As women of childbearing age have become heavier, the trade-off between maternal and child health created by variation in gestational weight gain has become more difficult to reconcile. Weight Gain During Pregnancy responds to the need for a reexamination of the 1990 Institute of Medicine guidelines for weight gain during pregnancy. It builds on the conceptual framework that underscored the 1990 weight gain guidelines and addresses the need to update them through a comprehensive review of the literature and independent analyses of existing databases. The book explores relationships between weight gain during pregnancy and a variety of factors (e.g., the mother's weight and height before pregnancy) and places this in the context of the health of the infant and the mother, presenting specific, updated target ranges for weight gain during pregnancy and guidelines for proper measurement. New features of this book include a specific range of recommended gain for obese women. Weight Gain During Pregnancy is intended to assist practitioners who care for women of childbearing age, policy makers, educators, researchers, and the pregnant women themselves to understand the role of gestational weight gain and to provide them with the tools needed to promote optimal pregnancy outcomes.
Author: Michael E. Symonds Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 0521887097 Category : Family & Relationships Languages : en Pages : 217
Book Description
With the aim to improve clinicians' understanding of the important effects nutrition can have on maternal health and fetal and neonatal development, Maternal-Fetal Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation defines the nutritional requirements with regard to the stage of development and growth, placing scientific developments into clinical context.
Author: Isabelle Romieu Publisher: IARC Working Group Report ISBN: 9789283225195 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Understanding the relationship between energy balance and obesity is essential to develop effective prevention programs and policies. The International Agency for Research on Cancer convened a Working Group of world-leading experts in December 2015 to review the evidence regarding energy balance and obesity, with a focus on low- and middle-income countries, and to consider the following scientific questions: (i) Are the drivers of the obesity epidemic related only to energy excess and/or do specific foods or nutrients play a major role in this epidemic? (ii) What are the factors that modulate these associations? (iii) Which types of data and/or studies will further improve our understanding? This book provides summaries of the evidence from the literature as well as the Working Group's conclusions and recommendations to tackle the global epidemic of obesity.
Author: Donald A. P. Bundy Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 1464804397 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 977
Book Description
More children born today will survive to adulthood than at any time in history. It is now time to emphasize health and development in middle childhood and adolescence--developmental phases that are critical to health in adulthood and the next generation. Child and Adolescent Health and Development explores the benefits that accrue from sustained and targeted interventions across the first two decades of life. The volume outlines the investment case for effective, costed, and scalable interventions for low-resource settings, emphasizing the cross-sectoral role of education. This evidence base can guide policy makers in prioritizing actions to promote survival, health, cognition, and physical growth throughout childhood and adolescence.
Author: Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309166837 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 270
Book Description
Each year more than 4 million children are born with birth defects. This book highlights the unprecedented opportunity to improve the lives of children and families in developing countries by preventing some birth defects and reducing the consequences of others. A number of developing countries with more comprehensive health care systems are making significant progress in the prevention and care of birth defects. In many other developing countries, however, policymakers have limited knowledge of the negative impact of birth defects and are largely unaware of the affordable and effective interventions available to reduce the impact of certain conditions. Reducing Birth Defects: Meeting the Challenge in the Developing World includes descriptions of successful programs and presents a plan of action to address critical gaps in the understanding, prevention, and treatment of birth defects in developing countries. This study also recommends capacity building, priority research, and institutional and global efforts to reduce the incidence and impact of birth defects in developing countries.
Author: Neal Halfon Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319471430 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 667
Book Description
This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This handbook synthesizes and analyzes the growing knowledge base on life course health development (LCHD) from the prenatal period through emerging adulthood, with implications for clinical practice and public health. It presents LCHD as an innovative field with a sound theoretical framework for understanding wellness and disease from a lifespan perspective, replacing previous medical, biopsychosocial, and early genomic models of health. Interdisciplinary chapters discuss major health concerns (diabetes, obesity), important less-studied conditions (hearing, kidney health), and large-scale issues (nutrition, adversity) from a lifespan viewpoint. In addition, chapters address methodological approaches and challenges by analyzing existing measures, studies, and surveys. The book concludes with the editors’ research agenda that proposes priorities for future LCHD research and its application to health care practice and health policy. Topics featured in the Handbook include: The prenatal period and its effect on child obesity and metabolic outcomes. Pregnancy complications and their effect on women’s cardiovascular health. A multi-level approach for obesity prevention in children. Application of the LCHD framework to autism spectrum disorder. Socioeconomic disadvantage and its influence on health development across the lifespan. The importance of nutrition to optimal health development across the lifespan. The Handbook of Life Course Health Development is a must-have resource for researchers, clinicians/professionals, and graduate students in developmental psychology/science; maternal and child health; social work; health economics; educational policy and politics; and medical law as well as many interrelated subdisciplines in psychology, medicine, public health, mental health, education, social welfare, economics, sociology, and law.
Author: Tatiana Toro-Ramos
Author: Tatiana Toro-Ramos
Author: Madeline Simon Grandy
Author: Leanne M. Redman
Author: National Research Council
Author: Michael E. Symonds
Author: Isabelle Romieu
Author: Donald A. P. Bundy
Author: Institute of Medicine
Author: World Health Organization
Author: Neal Halfon