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Author: Robert Z. Aliber Publisher: Springer ISBN: 1349185132 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 335
Book Description
The decade of the 1970s was one of turbulence in international monetary arrangements - the exchange rates fluctuated through a wide range, national price levels more than doubled fueled partly by several oil price shocks, and the external debts of the developing countries increased from $120 billion to
Author: Robert Z. Aliber Publisher: Springer ISBN: 1349185132 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 335
Book Description
The decade of the 1970s was one of turbulence in international monetary arrangements - the exchange rates fluctuated through a wide range, national price levels more than doubled fueled partly by several oil price shocks, and the external debts of the developing countries increased from $120 billion to
Author: Jomo Kwame Sundaram Publisher: Columbia University Press ISBN: 0231527276 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 561
Book Description
The 1944 Bretton Woods conference created new institutions for international economic governance. Though flawed, the system led to a golden age in postwar reconstruction, sustained economic growth, job creation, and postcolonial development. Yet financial liberalization since the 1970s has involved deregulation and globalization, which have exacerbated instability, rather than sustained growth. In addition, the failure of Bretton Woods to provide a reserve currency enabled the dollar to fill the void, which has contributed to periodic, massive U.S. trade deficits. Our latest global financial crisis, in which all these weaknesses played a part, underscores how urgently we must reform the international financial system. Prepared for the G24 research program, a consortium of developing countries focused on financial issues, this volume argues that such reforms must be developmental. Chapters review historical trends in global liquidity, financial flows to emerging markets, and the food crisis, identifying the systemic flaws that contributed to the recent downturn. They challenge the effectiveness of recent policy and suggest criteria for regulatory reform, keeping in mind the different circumstances, capacities, and capabilities of various economies. Essays follow ongoing revisions in international banking standards, the improved management of international capital flows, the critical role of the World Trade Organization in liberalizing and globalizing financial services, and the need for international tax cooperation. They also propose new global banking and reserve currency arrangements.
Author: José Antonio Ocampo Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 019871811X Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 296
Book Description
This volume provides an analysis of the global monetary system and proposes a comprehensive yet evolutionary reform of the system aimed at creating better monetary cooperation for the twenty-first century.
Author: Naomi R. Lamoreaux Publisher: Yale University Press ISBN: 0300236794 Category : Banks and banking, International Languages : en Pages : 505
Book Description
Commentaries by top scholars alongside the most important documents and speeches concerning the Bretton Woods Conference of 1944 The two world wars brought an end to a long-standing system of international commerce based on the gold standard. After the First World War, the weaknesses in the gold standard contributed to hyperinflation, the Great Depression, the rise of fascism, and ultimately World War II. The Bretton Woods Conference of 1944 arose out of the Allies' desire to design a postwar international economic system that would provide a basis for prosperity, trade, and worldwide economic development. Alongside important documents and speeches concerning the adoption and evolution of the Bretton Woods system, this volume includes lively, readable, original essays on such topics as why the gold standard was doomed, how Bretton Woods encouraged the adoption of Keynesian economics, how the agreements influenced late-twentieth-century ideas of international development, and why the agreements ultimately had to give way to other arrangements.
Author: Kyle Inan Publisher: Kyle Inan ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 29
Book Description
This book purports to examine in-depth the historical evolution of the International Monetary System starting with the “Classical Gold Standard System” that was adopted by various governments around the world between the years of 1880-1914. Following the inception of the “Inter-war Period” which took place between 1918-1939, the Classical Gold Standard System was abandoned. It was only after the post-WWII period that this standard was restored only for a short-period of time until the emergence of the “Bretton Woods System” between 1944-1971 which completely replaced the gold standard system with the U.S. dollar. It is also within the scope of this book to analyze the emerging monetary policy trends following the establishment of the Bretton Woods System that brought about the creation of the International Monetary Fund (the IMF) and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) to assist member countries with restoring their balance-of-payments equilibrium through the enactment of fixed exchange rates currency regime and through credit lending to poor countries in need.