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Author: Zuzana Rybaříková Publisher: Vydavatelství Filozofické fakulty Univerzity Palackého v Olomouci ISBN: 8087895770 Category : Philosophy Languages : en Pages : 135
Book Description
Although the first analytic philosophers were primarily focused on the logical analysis of language, some of their initial works also contained ontological discussions. One of the most distinct ontological positions of the twentieth century was defended by Arthur Norman Prior. The unusual nature of the position could be demonstrated by the fact that he was ascribed to such divergent positions as nominalism and platonism. This might have been caused by his atypical combination of ontological views. He was, on the one hand, a nominalist in his mature works. On the other hand, he advocated intensional logic and presentism. The aim of this study is to reconstruct the ideas which influenced him as he formulated his ontological positions. Not only are Prior’s ideas introduced, but also the ideas of his precursors and contemporaries who influenced him. In contrast, the ideas of logicians and philosophers who Prior opposed are also presented. The dissertation consists of four parts which deal with Prior’s concepts of possible worlds, theories of quantifications, propositions and individuals. It is a historical study and therefore the polemics which arose after Prior’s death are not discussed.
Author: Zuzana Rybaříková Publisher: Vydavatelství Filozofické fakulty Univerzity Palackého v Olomouci ISBN: 8087895770 Category : Philosophy Languages : en Pages : 135
Book Description
Although the first analytic philosophers were primarily focused on the logical analysis of language, some of their initial works also contained ontological discussions. One of the most distinct ontological positions of the twentieth century was defended by Arthur Norman Prior. The unusual nature of the position could be demonstrated by the fact that he was ascribed to such divergent positions as nominalism and platonism. This might have been caused by his atypical combination of ontological views. He was, on the one hand, a nominalist in his mature works. On the other hand, he advocated intensional logic and presentism. The aim of this study is to reconstruct the ideas which influenced him as he formulated his ontological positions. Not only are Prior’s ideas introduced, but also the ideas of his precursors and contemporaries who influenced him. In contrast, the ideas of logicians and philosophers who Prior opposed are also presented. The dissertation consists of four parts which deal with Prior’s concepts of possible worlds, theories of quantifications, propositions and individuals. It is a historical study and therefore the polemics which arose after Prior’s death are not discussed.
Author: Damien Janos Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG ISBN: 3110652080 Category : Philosophy Languages : en Pages : 774
Book Description
This study focuses on the metaphysics of the great Arabic philosopher Avicenna (or Ibn Sīnā, d. 1037 C.E.). More specifically, it delves into Avicenna’s theory of quiddity or essence, a topic which seized the attention of thinkers both during the medieval and modern periods. Building on recent contributions in Avicennian studies, this book proposes a new and comprehensive interpretation of Avicenna’s theory of ‘the pure quiddity’ (also known as ‘the quiddity in itself’) and of its ontology. The study provides a careful philological analysis of key passages gleaned from the primary sources in Arabic and a close philosophical contextualization of Avicenna’s doctrines in light of the legacy of ancient Greek philosophy in Islam and the early development of Arabic philosophy (falsafah) and theology (kalām). The study pays particular attention to how Avicenna’s theory of quiddity relates to the ancient Greek philosophical discussion about the universals or common things and Mu’tazilite ontology. Its main thesis is that Avicenna articulated a sophisticated doctrine of the ontology of essence in light of Greek and Bahshamite sources, which decisively shaped subsequent intellectual history in Islam and the Latin West.
Author: Wojciech Majka Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing ISBN: 1443866369 Category : Poetry Languages : en Pages : 290
Book Description
Without a doubt, Walt Whitman is one of the most philosophical poets. His writings are overflowing with conceptions that range from the Presocratics to Hegel. Nevertheless, the philosophical aspect of his work has been neglected with scholars satisfying themselves in making loose allusions to transcendentalist ideas that are said to “respire” in his writings. Therefore, our attention has been drawn to the connection of his poetry with philosophy (phenomenology), since as Emanuel Levinas once stated, “the whole of philosophy is only a meditation of Shakespeare.” Therefore, this book throws the Whitmanesque self into a typically phenomenological context, silhouetting the notion of selfhood against the views of Martin Heidegger, Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Emanuel Levinas. Moreover, the book differentiates between the overall understanding of subjectivity and selfhood. The former corresponds to the representative capacities of the Cartesian cogito, which in itself is detached from the world of life. On the other hand, selfhood is defined though the idea of commitment to the overall “mattering” of the world, which in itself is not reduced to the materialist or idealist understanding. Rather, the world is what phenomenology – following Husserl – calls Lebenswelt, which corresponds to the general way in which the self finds itself attuned to the horizon of its existence.
Author: C. Schrock Publisher: Springer ISBN: 1137447818 Category : Literary Criticism Languages : en Pages : 248
Book Description
Medieval writers such as Chaucer, Abelard, and Langland often overlaid personal story and sacred history to produce a distinct narrative form. The first of its kind, this study traces this widely used narrative tradition to Augustine's two great histories: Confessions and City of God .
Author: Dale M. Schlitt Publisher: State University of New York Press ISBN: 1438443765 Category : Philosophy Languages : en Pages : 404
Book Description
Hegel's philosophical interpretation of Trinity as a dialectically developing movement of Spirit is one of the most profound readings of Trinity in Western thought. In Hegel's Trinitarian Claim, Dale M. Schlitt provides a careful, detailed presentation of this claim in Hegel's major published works and in his lectures on the philosophy of religion, taking a critical look at how Hegel presents his claim that to think of God as subject and person one must think of God as Trinity. Although agreeing with Hegel's conclusion, Schlitt argues on the basis of an immanent critique of Hegel's thought that Hegel is not able to defend that claim in the way in which he proposes to do so. Schlitt argues instead that Hegel's trinitarian claim can be justified when Spirit is no longer seen as a movement of thought but as a movement of enriching experience. This close analysis provides an excellent point of entry into the wider study and critical consideration of Hegel's systematic philosophical project as a whole. Originally published in 1984 and available now in paperback for the first time, this edition features a new preface and postscript.
Author: Laird Addis Publisher: Walter de Gruyter ISBN: 3110321769 Category : Philosophy Languages : en Pages : 151
Book Description
Although there is a huge literature on Nietzsche’s philosophy, this is the first study in English that focuses on his ontology. Before proceeding to that ontology, Addis argues that, contrary to many commentators, Nietzsche defends both the possibility and the desirability of objectivity in the search for knowledge, including knowledge of the basic features of reality, that is, of ontology. In separate chapters, Addis then sets out, analyzes, and evaluates the five essential components of Nietzsche’s ontology: constant change, substances and things, minds, causation, and will to power. In each case, Addis contributes an original understanding of the feature under discussion, with more detail than exists in other treatments, and defended with quotes from relevant texts of Nietzsche.
Author: James Bahoh Publisher: Edinburgh University Press ISBN: 1474443702 Category : PHILOSOPHY Languages : en Pages : 240
Book Description
James Bahoh proposes a new methodology for explaining Heidegger's philosophy that solves a set of interpretive problems in his difficult later work and led to substantial inconsistencies in the scholarship. Bahoh reconstructs Heidegger's concept of event in relation to his theories of history, truth, difference, ground and time-space.
Author: Mortimer Jerome Adler Publisher: Open Court Publishing ISBN: 9780812691788 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 208
Book Description
How do meaningless marks and sounds become the meaningful words of a natural language? To what do words having referential significance refer? What is the meaning of the words that do not have referential significance? Can ordinary language really do what it appears to do, or is this an illusion? Dr. Adler maintains that these fundamental questions are not satisfactorily treated in the two main philosophies of language that have dominated twentieth-century thinking on the subject - the syntactical and 'ordinary language' approaches. Drawing upon the tradition of Aristotle, Aquinas, Poinsot, and Husserl, Dr. Adler's own discussion exemplifies the third approach, which he describes as "semantic and lexical." In this now -classic work, the fruit of more than 50 years' concern with the philosophy of language, Dr. Adler advances a powerful theory of meaning and applies it to some outstanding philosophical problems. In unpretentious and uncluttered prose, he provides a limpid introduction to a number of knotty philosophical issues and at the same time issues a challenge to some of the most tenacious doctrines of the modern world.
Author: Zuzana Rybaříková
Author: Zuzana Rybaříková
Author: Damien Janos
Author: Wojciech Majka
Author: David John Zacker
Author: C. Schrock
Author: Dale M. Schlitt
Author: Laird Addis
Author: James Bahoh
Author: Mortimer Jerome Adler
Author: Douglas Browning