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Author: Jacques Vanier Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1466576979 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 478
Book Description
This volume covers advances in atomic frequency standards (atomic clocks) from the last several decades. It explains the use of techniques, such as laser optical pumping, coherent population trapping, laser cooling, and electromagnetic and optical trapping, in the implementation of classical microwave and optical atomic frequency standards. The authors describe the basic physics behind the operation of atomic clocks, explore new frequency standards that provide better stability and accuracy than conventional standards, and illustrate the application of atomic clocks in various areas.
Author: Jacques Vanier Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1466576979 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 478
Book Description
This volume covers advances in atomic frequency standards (atomic clocks) from the last several decades. It explains the use of techniques, such as laser optical pumping, coherent population trapping, laser cooling, and electromagnetic and optical trapping, in the implementation of classical microwave and optical atomic frequency standards. The authors describe the basic physics behind the operation of atomic clocks, explore new frequency standards that provide better stability and accuracy than conventional standards, and illustrate the application of atomic clocks in various areas.
Author: Fritz Riehle Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 3527605959 Category : Science Languages : de Pages : 540
Book Description
Of all measurement units, frequency is the one that may be determined with the highest degree of accuracy. It equally allows precise measurements of other physical and technical quantities, whenever they can be measured in terms of frequency. This volume covers the central methods and techniques relevant for frequency standards developed in physics, electronics, quantum electronics, and statistics. After a review of the basic principles, the book looks at the realisation of commonly used components. It then continues with the description and characterisation of important frequency standards from atomic clocks, to frequency stabilised lasers. The whole is rounded of with a discussion of topical applications in engineering, telecommunications, and metrology.
Author: Fouad G. Major Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1475729235 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 480
Book Description
This work reviews the principles underlying quantum-based atomic clocks, with introductory chapters placing them in context with the development of mechanical clocks and electronic quartz-controlled clocks. The book details design principles of the rubidium, cesium, hydrogen maser, and mercury ion standards; changes enabled by the advent of the laser; and the time-based global navigation systems, Loran-C and the Global Positioning System. The new edition includes such recent developments as clocks based on quantum resonance at optical frequency in individual ions confined in miniature electromagnetic traps. The Quantum Beat explores the subject with a minimum of mathematical formalism.
Author: Michael Gläser Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 3527406662 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 747
Book Description
Metrology is the study of measurement. It includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement and may be divided into three subfields: Scientific or fundamental metrology concerns the establishment of measurement units, unit systems, development of new measurement methods, realization of measurement standards and the transfer of traceability from these standards to users in society. This handbook contains articles dealing with general topics of measurement and articles on particular subjects in mechanics and acoustics, electricity, optics, temperature, time and frequency, chemistry, medicine and particles. The contributions of the first part are sumamrized as follows. Introduction Units Fundamental Constants Fundamentals of Materials Measurement and Testing Measurement of Mass Desnity Measurement and Instrumentation of Flow Ultrasonics Measurement of Basic Electromagnetic Quantities Quantum Electrical Standards Metrology of Time and Frequency Temperature Measurement Metrology in Medicine
Author: A. S. Risley Publisher: ISBN: Category : Atomic frequency standards Languages : en Pages : 64
Book Description
A tutorial discussion of the physical basis of atomic frequency standards is given.These principles are then related to the conditions under which an atom can be used as the working substance of a stable and accurate frequency standard.The three primary examples of atomic frequency standards--the hydrogen maser, the cesium beam, and the rubidium gas cell--are then discussed in terms of these principles and conditions.The functions of the fundamental parts of each device become apparent through this development.(Author).
Author: James Binney Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA ISBN: 0199688575 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 408
Book Description
This title gives students a good understanding of how quantum mechanics describes the material world. The text stresses the continuity between the quantum world and the classical world, which is merely an approximation to the quantum world.
Author: Jingbiao Chen Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2832502296 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 161
Book Description
Ever since the invention of the cesium atomic clock in 1955, quantum frequency standards have seen considerable development over the decades, as a representative of quantum precision measurement. The progress in frequency measurements achieved in the past allowed one to perform quantum precision measurements of other physical and technical quantities with unprecedented precision, whenever they could be traced back to a frequency measurement. Using atomic transitions as frequency reference, quantum frequency standards are far less susceptible to external perturbations, and the identity of microscopic particles allows easy replication of a quantum standard with the same frequency. With laser cooling and trapping, cold atomic ensembles eliminate Doppler shift broadening, and have become the go-to quantum reference when precision and new physics are pursued. The advancement of laser cooling and cold atom physics, in addition to novel physical matter states such as Bose-Einstein Condensation, give rise to new experimental techniques in quantum precision measurement, especially quantum frequency standards, such as cesium fountain clocks dictating the SI second, as well as optical lattice clocks and single-ion optical clocks pushing the frontier of quantum metrology. Other areas of quantum metrology, such as gravitometers and magnetometers, also benefit greatly from cold atoms. For practical applications, quantum frequency standards are usually required to be compact and portable, and thermal atoms in the form of atomic beams or vapor cells are utilized. Commercially available quantum frequency standards such as cesium beam clocks or rubidium clocks have become the cornerstone of navigation and timekeeping. Compact optical clocks based on various laser spectroscopic techniques have also been developed. As researchers strive to break through the limits of accurate quantum measurement and atomic temperature, new fields such as precise measurement, quantum computing and quantum simulation based on cold atoms are further opened up, and challenges still exist to explore new physical phenomena in the field of cold atoms. In honor of Prof. Yiqiu Wang on the occasion of his 90th birthday, the main goal of this Research Topic is to provide a platform to exhibit the recent achievements and reveal the future challenges in quantum precision measurement, as well as studies of cold atom physics with quantum metrology, closely related to the long-term scientific research areas of Prof. Yiqiu Wang. Both Original Research and Review articles are encouraged. Topics of interest to this collection include, but are not limited to: • Quantum precision measurements • Microwave atomic clocks and their applications • Optical frequency standards, laser spectroscopy, and their applications • Quantum measurement based on cold atom • Quantum computation and quantum simulation based on cold atom
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309499542 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 315
Book Description
The field of atomic, molecular, and optical (AMO) science underpins many technologies and continues to progress at an exciting pace for both scientific discoveries and technological innovations. AMO physics studies the fundamental building blocks of functioning matter to help advance the understanding of the universe. It is a foundational discipline within the physical sciences, relating to atoms and their constituents, to molecules, and to light at the quantum level. AMO physics combines fundamental research with practical application, coupling fundamental scientific discovery to rapidly evolving technological advances, innovation and commercialization. Due to the wide-reaching intellectual, societal, and economical impact of AMO, it is important to review recent advances and future opportunities in AMO physics. Manipulating Quantum Systems: An Assessment of Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics in the United States assesses opportunities in AMO science and technology over the coming decade. Key topics in this report include tools made of light; emerging phenomena from few- to many-body systems; the foundations of quantum information science and technologies; quantum dynamics in the time and frequency domains; precision and the nature of the universe, and the broader impact of AMO science.
Author: Jacques Vanier
Author: Jacques Vanier
Author: Jacques Vanier
Author: Fritz Riehle
Author: Fouad G. Major
Author: Claude Audoin
Author: Michael Gläser
Author: A. S. Risley
Author: James Binney
Author: Jingbiao Chen
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine