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Author: Makoto Yasutomi Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1000091627 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 187
Book Description
Unraveling the mystery of the negative thermal expansion of liquid water has been a challenge for scientists for centuries. Various theories have been proposed so far, but none has been able to solve this mystery. Since the thermodynamic properties of matter are determined by the interaction between particles, the mystery can be solved fundamentally if the thermodynamic physical quantities using the laws of thermodynamics and statistical mechanics are determined, the experimental results are reproduced, and the phenomena in relation to the shape of the interaction between particles are elucidated. In this sense, this book has fundamentally unraveled this mystery. In addition, it discusses the mysteries of isothermal compressibility, structural diversity, as well as liquefaction and boiling points of water in relation to the shape of the interaction between particles. It carefully explains the analysis and calculation methods so that they can be easily understood by the readers.
Author: Makoto Yasutomi Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1000091627 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 187
Book Description
Unraveling the mystery of the negative thermal expansion of liquid water has been a challenge for scientists for centuries. Various theories have been proposed so far, but none has been able to solve this mystery. Since the thermodynamic properties of matter are determined by the interaction between particles, the mystery can be solved fundamentally if the thermodynamic physical quantities using the laws of thermodynamics and statistical mechanics are determined, the experimental results are reproduced, and the phenomena in relation to the shape of the interaction between particles are elucidated. In this sense, this book has fundamentally unraveled this mystery. In addition, it discusses the mysteries of isothermal compressibility, structural diversity, as well as liquefaction and boiling points of water in relation to the shape of the interaction between particles. It carefully explains the analysis and calculation methods so that they can be easily understood by the readers.
Author: Felix Franks Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 146848334X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 610
Book Description
to arrive at some temporary consensus model or models; and to present reliable physical data pertaining to water under a range of conditions, i.e., "Dorsey revisited," albeit on a less ambitious scale. I should like to acknowledge a debt of gratitude to several of my col leagues, to Prof. D. J. G. Ives and Prof. Robert L. Kay for valuable guidance and active encouragement, to the contributors to this volume for their willing cooperation, and to my wife and daughters for the understanding shown to a husband and father who hid in his study for many an evening. My very special thanks go to Mrs. Joyce Johnson, who did all the cor respondence and much of the arduous editorial work with her usual cheerful efficiency. F. FRANKS Biophysics Division Unilever Research Laboratory ColworthjWelwyn Colworth House, Sharnbrook, Bedford March 1972 Contents Chapter 1 Introduction-Water, the Unique Chemical F. Franks I. lntroduction ........................................ . 2. The Occurrence and Distribution of Water on the Earth 2 3. Water and Life ...................................... 4 4. The Scientific Study of Water-A Short History ........ 8 5. The Place of Water among Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 . . . . . Chapter 2 The Water Moleeule C. W. Kern and M. Karplus 1. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 . . . . . . . . . . 2. Principles of Structure and Spectra: The Born-Oppenheimer Separation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. The Electronic Motion ............................... 26 3.1. The Ground Electronic State of Water ............ 31 3.2. The Excited Electronic States of Water ........... 50 4. The Nuclear Motion ................................. 52 5. External-Field Effects ................................. 70 5.1. Perturbed Hartree-Fock Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 . . .
Author: Paola Gallo Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030683494 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 329
Book Description
This book offers a didactic and a self-contained treatment of the physics of liquid and flowing matter with a statistical mechanics approach. Experimental and theoretical methods that were developed to study fluids are now frequently applied to a number of more complex systems generically referred to as soft matter. As for simple liquids, also for complex fluids it is important to understand how their macroscopic behavior is determined by the interactions between the component units. Moreover, in recent years new and relevant insights have emerged from the study of anomalous phases and metastable states of matter. In addition to the traditional topics concerning fluids in normal conditions, the authors of this book discuss recent developments in the field of disordered systems in condensed and soft matter. In particular they emphasize computer simulation techniques that are used in the study of soft matter and the theories and study of slow glassy dynamics. For these reasons the book includes a specific chapter about metastability, supercooled liquids and glass transition. The book is written for graduate students and active researchers in the field.
Author: Osamu Mishima Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 4431569154 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 112
Book Description
A profound secret of nature hidden in ice water in a glass cup is revealed in this book. The author teaches a simple method for understanding the complex properties of water through the concept of polyamorphism. Polyamorphism is the existence of two kinds of liquid water, leading to a discontinuous transition between them. Currently, this two-water scenario is controversial in the scientific community because definitive experimental proof is difficult. However, a growing number of researchers believe there is adequate circumstantial evidence for the scenario. This introductory book focuses experimental thermodynamic data of liquid water, supercooled water, and amorphous solid water at various pressures and temperatures, and demonstrates how the two-water scenario initially evolved experimentally. The book explains the importance of polyamorphism in comprehending liquid water.
Author: D Eisenberg Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA ISBN: 0198570260 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 315
Book Description
The authors have correlated many experimental observations and theoretical discussions from the scientific literature on water. Topics covered include the water molecule and forces between water molecules; the thermodynamic properties of steam; the structures of the ices; the thermodynamic, electrical, spectroscopic, and transport properties of the ices and of liquid water; hydrogen bonding in ice and water; and models for liquid water. The main emphasis of the book is on relatingthe properties of ice and water to their structures. Some background material in physical chemistry has been included in order to ensure that the material is accessible to readers in fields such as biology, biochemistry, and geology, as well as to chemists and physicists.
Author: G. Wilse Robinson Publisher: World Scientific ISBN: 9789810224516 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 530
Book Description
The central theme, which threads through the entire book, concerns computational modeling methods for water. Modeling results for pure liquid water, water near ions, water at interfaces, water in biological microsystems, and water under other types of perturbations such as laser fields are described. Connections are made throughout the book with statistical mechanical theoretical methods on the one hand and with experimental data on the other. The book is expected to be useful not only for theorists and computer analysts interested in the physical, chemical, biological and geophysical aspects of water, but also for experimentalists in these fields.
Author: Jack Challoner Publisher: MIT Press ISBN: 0262046148 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 205
Book Description
The story of the most abundant substance on Earth, from its origins in the birth of stars billions of years ago to its importance in the living world. Water is so ubiquitous in our lives that it is easy to take for granted. The average American uses ninety gallons of water a day; nearly every liquid we encounter is mostly water--milk, for example, is 87 percent water. Clouds and ice--water in other forms--affect our climate. Water is the most abundant substance on Earth, and the third-most abundant molecule in the universe. In this lavishly illustrated volume, science writer Jack Challoner tells the story of water, from its origins in the birth of stars to its importance in the living world. Water is perhaps the most studied compound in the universe--although mysteries about it remain--and Challoner describes how thinkers from ancient times have approached the subject. He offers a detailed and fascinating look at the structure and behavior of water molecules, explores the physics of water--explaining, among other things, why ice is slippery--and examines the chemistry of water. He investigates photosynthesis and water's role in evolutionary history, and discusses water and weather, reviewing topics that range from snowflake science to climate change. Finally, he considers the possibility of water beyond our own hydrosphere--on other planets, on the Moon, in interstellar space.
Author: Arieh Ben-Naim Publisher: World Scientific Publishing Company ISBN: Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 668
Book Description
The aim of this book is to explain the unusual properties of both pure liquid water and simple aqueous solutions, in terms of the properties of single molecules and interactions among small numbers of water molecules. It is mostly the result of the author's own research spanning over 40 years in the field of aqueous solutions. An understanding of the properties of liquid water is a prelude to the understanding of the role of water in biological systems and for the evolvement of life. The book is targeted at anyone who is interested in the outstanding properties of water and its role in biological systems. It is addressed to both students and researchers in chemistry, physics and biology.
Author: Yong Yang Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1439866244 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 210
Book Description
Plasma methods that effectively combine ultraviolet radiation, active chemicals, and high electric fields offer an alternative to conventional water treatment methods. However, knowledge of the electric breakdown of liquids has not kept pace with this increasing interest, mostly due to the complexity of phenomena related to the plasma breakdown process. Plasma Discharge in Liquid: Water Treatment and Applications provides engineers and scientists with a fundamental understanding of the physical and chemical phenomena associated with plasma discharges in liquids, particularly in water. It also examines state-of-the-art plasma-assisted water treatment technologies. The Physics & Applications of Underwater Plasma Discharges The first part of the book describes the physical mechanism of pulsed electric breakdown in water and other liquids. It looks at how plasma is generated in liquids and discusses the electronic and bubble mechanism theories for how the electric discharge in liquid is initiated. The second part of the book focuses on various water treatment applications, including: Decontamination of volatile organic compounds and remediation of contaminated water Microorganism sterilization and other biological applications Cooling water treatment Drawing extensively on recent research, this one-stop reference combines the physics and applications of electric breakdown in liquids in a single volume. It offers a valuable resource for scientists, engineers, and students interested in the topic of plasmas in liquids.
Author: Makoto Yasutomi
Author: Makoto Yasutomi
Author: Felix Franks
Author: Paola Gallo
Author: Osamu Mishima
Author: D Eisenberg
Author: G. Wilse Robinson
Author: Jack Challoner
Author: Arieh Ben-Naim
Author: Yong Yang
Author: H. N. V. Temperley