The Pharmacology of Kratom and Its Alkaloids PDF Download

Author: Oliver Grundmann
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889748251
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 212

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Author: Robert B. Raffa
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1482225190
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 356

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Book Description
Opioids such as morphine, codeine, and oxycodone are extracts or analogs isolated from a single source: the opium poppy. For a long time, it was believed to be nature's only source of opioids. But it now appears that biological diversity has evolved an alternative source of opioid compounds-those derived from the plant Mitragyna speciosa. This plan

Author: Robert B. Raffa
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1482225182
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 370

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Book Description
Opioids such as morphine, codeine, and oxycodone are extracts or analogs isolated from a single source: the opium poppy. For a long time, it was believed to be nature’s only source of opioids. But it now appears that biological diversity has evolved an alternative source of opioid compounds—those derived from the plant Mitragyna speciosa. This plant, known as Kratom in Thailand or Biak-Biak in Malaysia, has long been used locally as treatment for pain, fever reduction, diarrhea, and even depression. Kratom and Other Mitragynines: The Chemistry and Pharmacology of Opioids from a Non-Opium Source presents an introduction to the chemical and biological properties of alkaloids isolated from M. speciosa as well as their synthetic analogs. The book covers various topics including phytochemistry, medicinal chemistry, and pharmacology. Current research, analgesic effects, and addiction potential are also discussed. As the first extensive text on the basic science and clinical use of Kratom, the book provides readers with a concise yet comprehensive introduction to nature’s "other opioid."

Author: Margaret F. Roberts
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1475729057
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 492

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Not since the late 1970s has a single work presented the biology of this heterogenous group of secondary alkaloids in such depth. Alkaloids, a unique treatise featuring leaders in the field, presents both the historical use of alkaloids and the latest discoveries in the biochemistry of alkaloid production in plants alkaloid ecology, including marine invertebrates, animal and plant parasites, and alkaloids as antimicrobial and current medicinal use . Highlights include chapters on the chemical ecology of alkaloids in host-predator interactions, and on the compartmentation of alkaloids synthesis, transport, and storage. Extensive cross-referencing in tabular format makes this volume an excellent reference.

Author: Ronald Ross Watson
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128092963
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 416

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Book Description
Addictive Substances and Neurological Disease: Alcohol, Tobacco, Caffeine, and Drugs of Abuse in Everyday Lifestyles is a complete guide to the manifold effects of addictive substances on the brain, providing readers with the latest developing research on how these substances are implicated in neurological development and dysfunction. Cannabis, cocaine, and other illicit drugs can have substantial negative effects on the structure and functioning of the brain. However, other common habituating and addictive substances often used as part of an individual’s lifestyle, i.e., alcohol, tobacco, caffeine, painkillers can also compromise brain health and effect or accentuate neurological disease. This book provides broad coverage of the effects of addictive substances on the brain, beginning with an overview of how the substances lead to dysfunction before examining each substance in depth. It discusses the pathology of addiction, the structural damage resulting from abuse of various substances, and covers the neurobiological, neurodegenerative, behavioral, and cognitive implications of use across the lifespan, from prenatal exposure, to adolescence and old age. This book aids researchers seeking an understanding of the neurological changes that these substances induce, and is also extremely useful for those seeking potential treatments and therapies for individuals suffering from chronic abuse of these substances. Integrates current research on the actions of addictive substances in neurological disease Includes functional foods, such as caffeine beverages, that have habituating effects on the brain Provides a synopsis of key ideas associated with the consequences of addictive and habituating lifestyle substances

Author: Donald G. Barceloux
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118106059
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1080

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Book Description
This book provides a broad reference covering important drugs of abuse including amphetamines, opiates, and steroids. It also covers psychoactive plants such as caffeine, peyote, and psilocybin. It provides chemical structures, analytical methods, clinical features, and treatments of these drugs of abuse, serving as a highly useful, in-depth supplement to a general medical toxicology book. The style allows for the easy application of the contents to searchable databases and other electronic products, making this an essential resource for practitioners in medical toxicology, industrial hygiene, occupational medicine, pharmaceuticals, environmental organizations, pathology, and related fields.

Author: Ornella Corazza
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 331960600X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 192

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Book Description
In light of the recent emergence of Novel Psychoactive Substances (NPS) on a global scale, this book provides a timely analysis of the social and economic impact of the NPS phenomenon, and of the global policy and regulatory responses to it. It presents the first comprehensive overview of the international regulation, policy and market structure of the NPS phenomenon, offering a guide to inform legislative discussions and demonstrating from a comparative perspective the different approaches used to address the rise of NPS to date. It covers topics such as organized crime, drug markets, clinical evidence on NPS, and different regulatory approaches also in less explored settings such as prisons and sport environments. Overall, this highly informative and well-structured repository of different experiences with NPS policy, law and regulation offers an essential primary source of evidence for anyone interested in the area of drug and NPS policy, health economics and p ublic health.

Author: Daniel Farkas
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Chronic neuropathic pain is a leading cause of disability worldwide and is associated with immense economic burden. Of all chronic neuropathic pain conditions, chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) persists as a monumental public health crisis, as it is the most common comorbidity among those receiving chemotherapy for cancer treatment. CIPN is unique compared to other forms of neuropathic pain in that it is severely dose-limiting, often leading to disruption or cessation of chemotherapeutic treatment and complicating an individual's cancer prognosis. Current pharmacological treatments for combatting CIPN are widespread yet are all accompanied with the same hindrances - they are limited in therapeutic efficacy when administered chronically and are associated with severe risk for adverse effects. Therefore, there is a clear unmet need for novel pharmacotherapies for CIPN that achieve strong therapeutic efficacy while minimizing the susceptibility to adverse events.Here, we characterize the therapeutic efficacy and pharmacological mechanisms of a novel, plant-derived alkaloid mitragynine (MG), a constituent of the kratom plant (Mitragyna speciosa) in a mouse model of CIPN. Kratom products have emerged in the US in recent years as a popular form of self-treating pain, opioid withdrawal, and symptoms of anxiety and depression, but these intended uses are largely based on anecdotal reports in humans. MG possesses a unique, mixed pharmacological profile combining opioid, adrenergic, and serotonergic properties - resembling the pharmacology of current CIPN pharmacotherapies such as antidepressants. However, the relation of these pharmacological mechanisms of MG to the context of CIPN remain under characterized. Kratom products are also commonly used in combination with cannabis products, which are also used for self-treating pain, and play a significant role in palliative care for terminal cancer patients. Yet, interactions between kratom alkaloids and cannabinoid signaling have yet to be studied in the context of CIPN. Lastly, the basis of potential utility of individual kratom constituents such as MG on anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, which are heavily comorbid in individuals with CIPN, remain understudied. The present studies were conducted to explore the role of the kratom alkaloid MG on both pain and affective behaviors associated with CIPN, at the pharmacological, cellular, and molecular level. To accomplish this, we measured 1. Contributions of opioid and adrenergic signaling mechanisms to the therapeutic efficacy of MG in a mouse model of oxaliplatin-induced mechanical hypersensitivity using pharmacological inhibition. 2. Contributions of cannabinoid signaling to the therapeutic efficacy of MG in a mouse model of oxaliplatin-induced mechanical hypersensitivity and inflammatory pain using pharmacological and genetic approaches. 3. Effects of MG on affective behaviors associated with CIPN using mouse models of the tail-suspension test, elevated zero maze, and conditioned place preference. Overall, the findings from this dissertation support the hypothesis that MG displays therapeutic efficacy against nocifensive behavior of CIPN and pain-related affective behaviors. Opioid, adrenergic, and cannabinoid mechanisms all contribute to the effect of MG on oxaliplatin-induced mechanical hypersensitivity. MG is also capable of normalizing aberrant neurotrophic factor signaling associated with CIPN. Lastly, MG produces anxiolytic effects when repeatedly administered without developing a conditioned place preference, suggesting that it achieves therapeutic efficacy in a model of CIPN without risk of adverse events.

Author: Steven M. Frenk
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Analgesics
Languages : en
Pages : 12

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Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128173173
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 288

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Drug-Induced Liver Injury, Volume 85, the newest volume in the Advances in Pharmacology series, presents a variety of chapters from the best authors in the field. Chapters in this new release include Cell death mechanisms in DILI, Mitochondria in DILI, Primary hepatocytes and their cultures for the testing of drug-induced liver injury, MetaHeps an alternate approach to identify IDILI, Autophagy and DILI, Biomarkers and DILI, Regeneration and DILI, Drug-induced liver injury in obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Mechanisms of Idiosyncratic Drug-Induced Liver Injury, the Evaluation and Treatment of Acetaminophen Toxicity, and much more. Includes the authority and expertise of leading contributors in pharmacology Presents the latest release in the Advances in Pharmacology series