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Author: Ulrike Niemann Publisher: GRIN Verlag ISBN: 3668144680 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 113
Book Description
Master's Thesis from the year 2015 in the subject Business economics - Miscellaneous, grade: 10,0, University of Southern Denmark (Department of Business and Social Sciences), course: Business economics - International Business & Management, language: English, abstract: Shipping of natural gas across the oceans is of significant importance – linking the energy production business with the consuming nations around the globe. Natural gas supply is predicted to increment 1.9% p.a. until 2035, therewith facilitating its transportation as a commodity on board of currently 415 liquefied natural gas vessels and further 168 more to come by 2020. Despite its comparably small size of not even one percent of the worldwide merchant fleet within the industry of shipping, the carriage of natural gas on board of vessels has been overall on an upwind within the last twenty years, foremost due to the greater discovery of natural gas as a source of energy and an increased demand for energy resources in general. Particularly the natural gas shipping industry underlies peculiar states of affairs: It is a highly technologized, investment intense segment which is affected by currents of political, economic, and environmental origin. Hence, natural gas shipowners as well as other participants upstream and downstream of this sector find themselves in difficulty of strategic decision-making. The purpose for this study has therefore been to investigate in how a natural gas shipping company and other market participants can take a farsighted strategic decision in the complex and uncertain business environment of today and, thereby, planning for the future. By using the scenario approach of modelling a complex world in single happenings, it will be thought deeply and creatively about the future whereof the most salient factors affecting this industry are illuminated. Upon these scenarios, various economic theories and models including an equation of natural gas ships demand are applied whose concepts could be exercised by market participants in order to adapt to ever-changing circumstances with vigilance and to reduce the risk of being unprepared for the future. The study found that the global natural gas industry is impacted by the dynamics deriving from conditions enforced by, for instance, the ongoing financial and economic crisis, legislative forces, substitutionary effects of energy products, and political discord in natural gas providing as well as receiving countries. The outer-firm global contexts leave a footprint on the strategic decision-making of a firm. In addition, it was proofed that scenario conduction is a viable tool for strategic planning of a firm active in the natural gas shipping field in order to address the business ...
Author: Ulrike Niemann Publisher: GRIN Verlag ISBN: 3668144680 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 113
Book Description
Master's Thesis from the year 2015 in the subject Business economics - Miscellaneous, grade: 10,0, University of Southern Denmark (Department of Business and Social Sciences), course: Business economics - International Business & Management, language: English, abstract: Shipping of natural gas across the oceans is of significant importance – linking the energy production business with the consuming nations around the globe. Natural gas supply is predicted to increment 1.9% p.a. until 2035, therewith facilitating its transportation as a commodity on board of currently 415 liquefied natural gas vessels and further 168 more to come by 2020. Despite its comparably small size of not even one percent of the worldwide merchant fleet within the industry of shipping, the carriage of natural gas on board of vessels has been overall on an upwind within the last twenty years, foremost due to the greater discovery of natural gas as a source of energy and an increased demand for energy resources in general. Particularly the natural gas shipping industry underlies peculiar states of affairs: It is a highly technologized, investment intense segment which is affected by currents of political, economic, and environmental origin. Hence, natural gas shipowners as well as other participants upstream and downstream of this sector find themselves in difficulty of strategic decision-making. The purpose for this study has therefore been to investigate in how a natural gas shipping company and other market participants can take a farsighted strategic decision in the complex and uncertain business environment of today and, thereby, planning for the future. By using the scenario approach of modelling a complex world in single happenings, it will be thought deeply and creatively about the future whereof the most salient factors affecting this industry are illuminated. Upon these scenarios, various economic theories and models including an equation of natural gas ships demand are applied whose concepts could be exercised by market participants in order to adapt to ever-changing circumstances with vigilance and to reduce the risk of being unprepared for the future. The study found that the global natural gas industry is impacted by the dynamics deriving from conditions enforced by, for instance, the ongoing financial and economic crisis, legislative forces, substitutionary effects of energy products, and political discord in natural gas providing as well as receiving countries. The outer-firm global contexts leave a footprint on the strategic decision-making of a firm. In addition, it was proofed that scenario conduction is a viable tool for strategic planning of a firm active in the natural gas shipping field in order to address the business ...
Author: Andre Dassau Publisher: GRIN Verlag ISBN: 3668568014 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 56
Book Description
Bachelor Thesis from the year 2017 in the subject Business economics - Trade and Distribution, grade: 1,0, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, language: English, abstract: The International Maritime Organization confirmed in 2016 the introduction of a global sulphur cap in 2020, establishing a 0.5% sulphur content limit in fuels. All shipping companies operating in international waters will be affected by this emission regulation. LNG as a maritime fuel is widely thematised in current discussions regarding alternatives to achieve compliance, as it brings in the most significant environmental benefits. However, the current LNG-use is scarce, as vessels operating with LNG accounts for ca. 0.1% of the global fleet, and are mainly located in the Baltic region. To gain significance as a marine fuel, LNG has several challenges to overcome. LNGs main hurdle is the lack of bunkering infrastructure, which discourage its adoption by shipping companies, generating the so-called chicken-and-egg problem. Although small-scale bunkering facilities are already available, mostly in Northern Europe, the required infrastructure for large vessels is not provided. This study looks at the relevance of LNG as a maritime fuel with the focus on the forthcoming global sulphur cap, from the perspective of a small and a large shipping company, in their decision-making to achieve compliance. Thereby, major drivers and impediments considered by both shipping companies for its adoption as well as their forecast regarding the future of LNG in the shipping industry are discussed.
Author: Jan Tellkamp Publisher: ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 28
Book Description
This report on Removing Barriers to the Use of Natural Gas as Maritime Transportation Fuel is another step in our exploration of the catalytic role of natural gas in attaining the Sustainable Development Goals, and in particular Goal 7 - to ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all. The report demonstrates the business case for using LNG as a fuel in maritime transport, for both LNG tankers and - increasingly since 2000 - other ships. Currently, there are over 300 ships powered by LNG. This is a positive development in view of the significant environmental benefits of LNG compared to heavy fuel oil and diesel both of which dominate today's market for international shipping bunkers.
Author: Theo Notteboom Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1000526933 Category : Transportation Languages : en Pages : 812
Book Description
Port Economics, Management and Policy provides a comprehensive analysis of the contemporary port industry, showing how ports are organized to serve the global economy and support regional and local development. Structured in eight sections plus an introduction and epilog, this textbook examines a wide range of seaport topics, covering maritime shipping and international trade, port terminals, port governance, port competition, port policy and much more. Key features of the book include: Multidisciplinary perspective, drawing on economics, geography, management science and engineering Multisector analysis including containers, bulk, break-bulk and the cruise industry Focus on the latest industry trends, such as supply chain management, automation, digitalization and sustainability Benefitting from the authors’ extensive involvement in shaping the port sector across five continents, this text provides students and scholars with a valuable resource on ports and maritime transport systems. Practitioners and policymakers can also use this as an essential guide towards better port management and governance.
Author: Abdul-Talib, Asmat-Nizam Publisher: IGI Global ISBN: 1799890732 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 375
Book Description
Cross-border business transactions have become increasingly important due to new norms of conducting business. Cross-border business has led to the emergence of multiple business opportunities and challenges to various stakeholders. Such global reality cannot simply be ignored; thus, business entities that operate across national borders need to fully employ global business strategies to compete and survive in the dynamic global environment. Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Cross-Border Trade and Business captures a multi-faceted outlook on international business phenomena, particularly when cross-border businesses are severely affected by global crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This book discusses the perspectives of stakeholders from both developed and developing countries as they handled international crises including the COVID-19 pandemic. Covering topics such as knowledge acquisition, internationalization, and small and medium enterprises, this book is an essential resource for business executives, practitioners, policymakers, graduate and post-graduate students of government or business administration, professors, researchers, and academicians.
Author: Saeid Mokhatab Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing ISBN: 0124046452 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 617
Book Description
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is a commercially attractive phase of the commodity that facilitates the efficient handling and transportation of natural gas around the world. The LNG industry, using technologies proven over decades of development, continues to expand its markets, diversify its supply chains and increase its share of the global natural gas trade. The Handbook of Liquefied Natural Gas is a timely book as the industry is currently developing new large sources of supply and the technologies have evolved in recent years to enable offshore infrastructure to develop and handle resources in more remote and harsher environments. It is the only book of its kind, covering the many aspects of the LNG supply chain from liquefaction to regasification by addressing the LNG industries’ fundamentals and markets, as well as detailed engineering and design principles. A unique, well-documented, and forward-thinking work, this reference book provides an ideal platform for scientists, engineers, and other professionals involved in the LNG industry to gain a better understanding of the key basic and advanced topics relevant to LNG projects in operation and/or in planning and development. Highlights the developments in the natural gas liquefaction industries and the challenges in meeting environmental regulations Provides guidelines in utilizing the full potential of LNG assets Offers advices on LNG plant design and operation based on proven practices and design experience Emphasizes technology selection and innovation with focus on a “fit-for-purpose design Updates code and regulation, safety, and security requirements for LNG applications
Author: John DeCiucis Adamo Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 228
Book Description
The International Maritime Organization (IMO), the leading regulatory body for the shipping industry, recently finalized its decision to decrease the global sulfur cap for marine bunker fuels from 3.5% to 0.5% effective January 2020 to reduce the shipping community's environmental impact. This decision will have significant impacts on shipowners, forcing them to choose among a suite of options to comply with the new emissions limit, options with substantial capital expenditure (CAPEX) or operational expenditure (OPEX) implications. Among these options is using liquefied natural gas (LNG) as an alternative to low-sulfur fuel oil or distillates and exhaust gas cleaning systems (EGCS). While LNG has been used in a limited capacity as a marine fuel, mostly in passenger vessels (ferries) and LNG carriers from the boil-off gas (BOG) in storage tanks, there are currently only 119 LNG-capable ships operating globally (out of a merchant fleet of over 50,000). LNG fuel can effectively eliminate nearly 100% of sulfur oxide (SO [subscript x]) and particulate matter (PM) emissions, while reducing nitrogen oxide (NO [subscript x]) emissions up to 80% and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by up to 30%. LNG is also price competitive with other bunker fuel, making it an attractive alternative both environmentally and economically. This thesis examines the business case for LNG-capable ships as a viable option to meet the IMO's sulfur cap. Specifically, the thesis compares the choice to invest in an LNG-capable ship to investing in EGCS (enabling continued use of high-sulfur fuel oil) or using compliant low-sulfur fuel oil or distillates (which still requires selective catalytic reduction (SCR) or exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) systems to comply with NO [subscript x] limits). The thesis analyzes eight different vessel types across the three investment options and considers three different fuel price scenarios, accounting for variation in CAPEX, OPEX, engine types, ship utilization, and charter rates, for a total of 96 scenarios. Each scenario uses a discounted cash flow (DCF) model to yield unique NPV, IRR, and payback for the investment. The thesis demonstrates that LNG-capable vessels are competitive investments and, in some cases, outperform other options to achieve compliance with SO [subscript x] and NO [subscript x] emissions limits.
Author: Ulrike Niemann
Author: Ulrike Niemann
Author: Andre Dassau
Author: Roger Ffooks
Author: Jan Tellkamp
Author: Theo Notteboom
Author: 
Author: Abdul-Talib, Asmat-Nizam
Author: Saeid Mokhatab
Author: 
Author: John DeCiucis Adamo