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Author: Willi Bredemeier Publisher: DIANE Publishing ISBN: 0788137824 Category : Languages : en Pages : 286
Book Description
The report on the main findings of a project analyzing the European electronic information services (EIS) market. This is the 1st international study of this kind covering both the supply side & the demand side of EIS, plus additional important factors influencing the development of these markets, e.g. the national information policies, the markets for printed information products, the technical infrastructure in the different countries, the different library systems, information intermediaries & brokers, potential users/end-users, etc. Charts & tables.
Author: Willi Bredemeier Publisher: DIANE Publishing ISBN: 0788137824 Category : Languages : en Pages : 286
Book Description
The report on the main findings of a project analyzing the European electronic information services (EIS) market. This is the 1st international study of this kind covering both the supply side & the demand side of EIS, plus additional important factors influencing the development of these markets, e.g. the national information policies, the markets for printed information products, the technical infrastructure in the different countries, the different library systems, information intermediaries & brokers, potential users/end-users, etc. Charts & tables.
Author: OECD Publisher: OECD Publishing ISBN: 9264172084 Category : Languages : en Pages : 168
Book Description
This book provides a ground-breaking assessment of the economic and social impacts of electronic commerce and its effects on jobs by drawing on existing qualitative and quantitative evidence.
Author: Won Kim Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3540477497 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 485
Book Description
During the past several years, the world has entered the first phase of the Internet Revolution. Investors showed confidence and faith in the prospects of the Internet driven economy. In the US alone, some 30,000 dot com companies have sprung up to support electronic commerce with a wide variety of business models, technologies, and/or items or services to sell or even give away. Traditional businesses, so called brick and mortar, or offline, businesses, have started to respond to challenges by Internet based new competitors by augmenting their own businesses with Internet based, or online, businesses and/or filing lawsuits against them. The initial business to consumer orientation of electronic commerce is giving way to business to business commerce, with large corporations forming electronic exchanges or consortia to conduct commerce among members. Government, industry, and civic groups have started addressing social issues related to the Internet, such as taxation on electronic commerce, privacy, intellectual property rights, security, hacking, cyber crimes, digital divide, etc. Governments have started legitimizing electronic signatures and stepping up efforts to track down perpetrators of cyber crimes. The courts have started to wrestle with issues of privacy, intellectual property rights, crimes, and impediments to Internet driven economy.
Author: OECD Publisher: OECD Publishing ISBN: 9264660658 Category : Languages : en Pages : 138
Book Description
This report examines the opportunities of enhancing access to and sharing of data (EASD) in the context of the growing importance of artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things. It discusses how EASD can maximise the social and economic value of data re-use and how the related risks and challenges can be addressed. It highlights the trade-offs, complementarities and possible unintended consequences of policy action – and inaction. It also provides examples of EASD approaches and policy initiatives in OECD countries and partner economies.
Author: Jens-Uwe Franck Publisher: Centre on Regulation in Europe asbl (CERRE) ISBN: Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 96
Book Description
With the rise of digital platforms and the natural tendency of markets involving platforms to become concentrated, competition authorities and courts are more frequently in a position to investigate and decide merger and abuse cases that involve platforms. This report provides guidance on how to define markets and on how to assess market power when dealing with two-sided platforms. DEFINITION Competition authorities and courts are well advised to uniformly use a multi-markets approach when defining markets in the context of two-sided platforms. The multi-markets approach is the more flexible instrument compared to the competing single-market approach that defines a single market for both sides of a platform, as the former naturally accounts for different substitution possibilities by the user groups on the two sides of the platform. While one might think of conditions under which a single-market approach could be feasible, the necessary conditions are so severe that it would only be applicable under rare circumstances. To fully appreciate business activities in platform markets from a competition law point of view, and to do justice to competition law’s purpose, which is to protect consumer welfare, the legal concept of a “market” should not be interpreted as requiring a price to be paid by one party to the other. It is not sufficient to consider the activities on the “unpaid side” of the platform only indirectly by way of including them in the competition law analysis of the “paid side” of the platform. Such an approach would exclude certain activities and ensuing positive or negative effects on consumer welfare altogether from the radar of competition law. Instead, competition practice should recognize straightforwardly that there can be “markets” for products offered free of charge, i.e. without monetary consideration by those who receive the product. ASSESSMENT The application of competition law often requires an assessment of market power. Using market shares as indicators of market power, in addition to all the difficulties in standard markets, raises further issues for two-sided platforms. When calculating revenue shares, the only reasonable option is to use the sum of revenues on all sides of the platform. Then, such shares should not be interpreted as market shares as they are aggregated over two interdependent markets. Large revenue shares appear to be a meaningful indicator of market power if all undertakings under consideration serve the same sides. However, they are often not meaningful if undertakings active in the relevant markets follow different business models. Given potentially strong cross-group external effects, market shares are less apt in the context of two-sided platforms to indicate market power (or the lack of it). Barriers to entry are at the core of persistent market power and, thus, the entrenchment of incumbent platforms. They deserve careful examination by competition authorities. Barriers to entry may arise due to users’ coordination failure in the presence of network effect. On two-sided platforms, users on both sides of the market have to coordinate their expectations. Barriers to entry are more likely to be present if an industry does not attract new users and if it does not undergo major technological change. Switching costs and network effects may go hand in hand: consumer switching costs sometimes depend on the number of platform users and, in this case, barriers to entry from consumer switching costs increase with platform size. Since market power is related to barriers to entry, the absence of entry attempts may be seen as an indication of market power. However, entry threats may arise from firms offering quite different services, as long as they provide a new home for users’ attention and needs.
Author: European Communication Council (ECC) Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642607462 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 367
Book Description
In dem Statusreport des European Communication Council stehen wissenschaftliche Analysen mit den Schwerpunkten: die neuen Arbeitsplätze, die Auswirkungen der Regulierungsansätze sowie die Forderung eines eigenen europäischen Internets im Vordergrund. Der erstmaig erstellte Facts & Figures - Teil informiert über die neuesten Basisdaten der Kommunikationsindustrie. Die wichtigsten Thesen: Ein eigenes europäisches Internet ist notwendig, um die Online-Nutzung in Europa zu erleichtern und zu beschleunigen. Neue europäische Medien brauchen eigene europäische Anbieter, um die gesellschaftliche und kulturelle Vielfalt in Europa zu stärken. Die Telekommunikationsleistungen in Europa sind zu teuer. Der integrierte Ansatz der Fernseh- und Telekommunikationsregulierung in den USA kann auch ein Modell für Europa sein.
Author: Siegfried Graf Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9783540673941 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 734
Book Description
Due to the rapidly increasing need for methods of data compression, quantization has become a flourishing field in signal and image processing and information theory. The same techniques are also used in statistics (cluster analysis), pattern recognition, and operations research (optimal location of service centers). The book gives the first mathematically rigorous account of the fundamental theory underlying these applications. The emphasis is on the asymptotics of quantization errors for absolutely continuous and special classes of singular probabilities (surface measures, self-similar measures) presenting some new results for the first time. Written for researchers and graduate students in probability theory the monograph is of potential interest to all people working in the disciplines mentioned above.
Author: Willi Bredemeier
Author: Willi Bredemeier
Author: OECD
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Author: Won Kim
Author: OECD
Author: Jens-Uwe Franck
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Author: 
Author: European Communication Council (ECC)
Author: Siegfried Graf