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Author: Elliot Anson Vaughan Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Soils represent one of the largest terrestrial reservoirs of carbon (C) and understanding the controls on soil C cycling has important implications for climate change and soil fertility. Large uncertainties remain regarding the relative importance of environmental and edaphic factors, and the role of human activities on soil C dynamics. This is especially true in soils of the tropics, which are diverse and often less studied relative to temperate soils. This dissertation sought to address these uncertainties by looking at the effect of several different anthropogenic global change drivers on soil C across a diversity of soils in Puerto Rico. The effect of long-term experimental nitrogen enrichment on soil C content weakened over time and differed within lowland and montane forests, highlighting heterogeneity in responses at the landscape level. Natural abundance radiocarbon (14C) measurements indicated the dynamic nature of soil C in these forests, as the majority of C cycled on decadal time scales, even in mineral-associated fractions that are thought to be quite stable. In a regional study comparing controls on soil carbon turnover under different land covers across the island, soil properties related to parent material and soil weathering, including iron and aluminum concentrations and pH, had a greater influence on the distribution of C among soil fractions and their turnover rate than land cover and land use. Soil C and nitrogen (N) did not differ within a secondary forest chronosequence along a soil-weathering gradient, but C increased with soil pH. Spectroscopic and microscopic analyses of soil organic matter revealed differences in chemistry in buried soils depending on their exposure to the modern soil surface. This work emphasizes the importance of soil physical and chemical properties in influencing soil C dynamics and highlights the complex nature of interactions among human activities, natural disturbances, and soils in heterogenous landscapes.
Author: Elliot Anson Vaughan Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Soils represent one of the largest terrestrial reservoirs of carbon (C) and understanding the controls on soil C cycling has important implications for climate change and soil fertility. Large uncertainties remain regarding the relative importance of environmental and edaphic factors, and the role of human activities on soil C dynamics. This is especially true in soils of the tropics, which are diverse and often less studied relative to temperate soils. This dissertation sought to address these uncertainties by looking at the effect of several different anthropogenic global change drivers on soil C across a diversity of soils in Puerto Rico. The effect of long-term experimental nitrogen enrichment on soil C content weakened over time and differed within lowland and montane forests, highlighting heterogeneity in responses at the landscape level. Natural abundance radiocarbon (14C) measurements indicated the dynamic nature of soil C in these forests, as the majority of C cycled on decadal time scales, even in mineral-associated fractions that are thought to be quite stable. In a regional study comparing controls on soil carbon turnover under different land covers across the island, soil properties related to parent material and soil weathering, including iron and aluminum concentrations and pH, had a greater influence on the distribution of C among soil fractions and their turnover rate than land cover and land use. Soil C and nitrogen (N) did not differ within a secondary forest chronosequence along a soil-weathering gradient, but C increased with soil pH. Spectroscopic and microscopic analyses of soil organic matter revealed differences in chemistry in buried soils depending on their exposure to the modern soil surface. This work emphasizes the importance of soil physical and chemical properties in influencing soil C dynamics and highlights the complex nature of interactions among human activities, natural disturbances, and soils in heterogenous landscapes.
Author: Maria Angeles Munoz Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0128121297 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 398
Book Description
Soil Management and Climate Change: Effects on Organic Carbon, Nitrogen Dynamics, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions provides a state of the art overview of recent findings and future research challenges regarding physical, chemical and biological processes controlling soil carbon, nitrogen dynamic and greenhouse gas emissions from soils. This book is for students and academics in soil science and environmental science, land managers, public administrators and legislators, and will increase understanding of organic matter preservation in soil and mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. Given the central role soil plays on the global carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles and its impact on greenhouse gas emissions, there is an urgent need to increase our common understanding about sources, mechanisms and processes that regulate organic matter mineralization and stabilization, and to identify those management practices and processes which mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, helping increase organic matter stabilization with suitable supplies of available N. Provides the latest findings about soil organic matter stabilization and greenhouse gas emissions Covers the effect of practices and management on soil organic matter stabilization Includes information for readers to select the most suitable management practices to increase soil organic matter stabilization
Author: John M. Kimble Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1420044095 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 280
Book Description
Better Manage Soil C for Improved Soil Quality In the United States, soil has fueled the availability of abundant, safe food, thus underpinning economic growth and development. In the future we need to be more vigilant in managing and renewing this precious resource by replacing the nutrients and life-sustaining matter that we remove for
Author: Alfred E. Hartemink Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3319040847 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 503
Book Description
Few topics cut across the soil science discipline wider than research on soil carbon. This book contains 48 chapters that focus on novel and exciting aspects of soil carbon research from all over the world. It includes review papers by global leaders in soil carbon research, and the book ends with a list and discussion of global soil carbon research priorities. Chapters are loosely grouped in four sections: § Soil carbon in space and time § Soil carbon properties and processes § Soil use and carbon management § Soil carbon and the environment A wide variety of topics is included: soil carbon modelling, measurement, monitoring, microbial dynamics, soil carbon management and 12 chapters focus on national or regional soil carbon stock assessments. The book provides up-to-date information for researchers interested in soil carbon in relation to climate change and to researchers that are interested in soil carbon for the maintenance of soil quality and fertility. Papers in this book were presented at the IUSS Global Soil C Conference that was held at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.
Author: Rattan Lal Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1351091158 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 811
Book Description
This book addresses the importance of soil processes in the global carbon cycle.Agricultural activities considered responsible for an increase in CO2 levels in our atmosphere include: deforestation, biomass burning, tillage and intensive cultivation, and drainage of wetlands.However, agriculture can also be a solution to the problem in which carbon can be removed from the atmosphere and permanently sequestered into the soil. Management of Carbon Sequestration in Soil highlights the importance of world soils as a sink for atmospheric carbon and discusses the impact of tillage, conservation reserve programs (CRP), management of grasslands and woodlands, and other soil and crop management and land use practices that lead to carbon sequestration.
Author: Brajesh Singh Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0128127678 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 341
Book Description
Soil Carbon Storage: Modulators, Mechanisms and Modeling takes a novel approach to the issue of soil carbon storage by considering soil C sequestration as a function of the interaction between biotic (e.g. microbes and plants) and abiotic (climate, soil types, management practices) modulators as a key driver of soil C. These modulators are central to C balance through their processing of C from both plant inputs and native soil organic matter. This book considers this concept in the light of state-of-the-art methodologies that elucidate these interactions and increase our understanding of a vitally important, but poorly characterized component of the global C cycle. The book provides soil scientists with a comprehensive, mechanistic, quantitative and predictive understanding of soil carbon storage. It presents a new framework that can be included in predictive models and management practices for better prediction and enhanced C storage in soils. Identifies management practices to enhance storage of soil C under different agro-ecosystems, soil types and climatic conditions Provides novel conceptual frameworks of biotic (especially microbial) and abiotic data to improve prediction of simulation model at plot to global scale Advances the conceptual framework needed to support robust predictive models and sustainable land management practices
Author: Norman J. Rosenberg Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9789048157594 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Soil carbon sequestration can play a strategic role in controlling the increase of CO2 in the atmosphere and thereby help mitigate climatic change. There are scientific opportunities to increase the capacity of soils to store carbon and remove it from circulation for longer periods of time. The vast areas of degraded and desertified lands throughout the world offer great potential for the sequestration of very large quantities of carbon. If credits are to be bought and sold for carbon storage, quick and inexpensive instruments and methods will be needed to monitor and verify that carbon is actually being added and maintained in soils. Large-scale soil carbon sequestration projects pose economic and social problems that need to be explored. This book focuses on scientific and implementation issues that need to be addressed in order to advance the discipline of carbon sequestration from theory to reality. The main issues discussed in the book are broad and cover aspects of basic science, monitoring, and implementation. The opportunity to restore productivity of degraded lands through carbon sequestration is examined in detail. This book will be of special interest to professionals in agronomy, soil science, and climatology.
Author: Xinli Chen Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a valuable natural resource, supplying goods and services for human benefits, including mediating global climate change and securing food production and environmental quality. Biodiversity loss across multi-taxa is at an alarming rate globally. Recent advances have been made in our understanding of the negative impact of biodiversity loss on ecosystem production. The higher biomass production in species-rich communities is expected to enhance plant litter inputs to soils for SOC formation. Despite the critical importance of SOC and Rs in the global carbon and nutrient cycles, our understanding of the effects of plant diversity on SOC and soil respiration (Rs) remains equivocal. The purpose of this dissertation is to provide the first global-scale estimates of changes in Rs and SOC storage in response to global plant diversity loss, and to mechanistically understand the effects of plant mixtures on soil carbon dynamics. In my first study, I examined the global effects of plant litter alterations on soil carbon release. By presenting a meta-analysis of 100 published studies to examine the responses of Rs to manipulated aboveground and belowground litter alterations. I found that aboveground litter addition increased Rs, while aboveground litter removal, root removal and litter + root removal reduced Rs, respectively. Estimated from the studies that simultaneously tested the responses of Rs to aboveground litter addition and removal and assuming negligible changes in root-derived Rs, "priming effect" on average accounted for 7.3% of Rs and increased over time. My meta-analysis indicates that priming effects should be considered in predicting Rs to climate change-induced increases in litterfall. This analysis also highlights the need to incorporate spatial climate gradient in projecting long-term Rs responses to litter alterations.
Author: R. Lal Publisher: ASA-CSSA-SSSA ISBN: 9780891188506 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 452
Book Description
This book is about the concept of the Greenhouse Effect is more than a century old, but today the observed and predicted climate changes. This second edition of Soil Carbon Sequestration and the Greenhouse Effect is essential reading for understandingthe processes, properties, and practices affecting the soil carbon pool and its dynamics.
Author: Klaus Lorenz Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319923188 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 397
Book Description
A comprehensive book on basic processes of soil C dynamics and the underlying factors and causes which determine the technical and economic potential of soil C sequestration. The book provides information on the dynamics of both inorganic (lithogenic and pedogenic carbonates) and organic C (labile, intermediate and passive). It describes different types of agroecosystems, and lists questions at the end of each chapter to stimulate thinking and promote academic dialogue. Each chapter has a bibliography containing up-to-date references on the current research, and provides the state-of-the-knowledge while also identifying the knowledge gaps for future research. The critical need for restoring C stocks in world soils is discussed in terms of provisioning of essential ecosystem services (food security, carbon sequestration, water quality and renewability, and biodiversity). It is of interest to students, scientists, and policy makers.
Author: Elliot Anson Vaughan
Author: Elliot Anson Vaughan
Author: Maria Angeles Munoz
Author: John M. Kimble
Author: Alfred E. Hartemink
Author: Rattan Lal
Author: Brajesh Singh
Author: Norman J. Rosenberg
Author: Xinli Chen
Author: R. Lal
Author: Klaus Lorenz