The Induction of Traumatic Brain Injury by Blood Brain Barrier Disruption PDF Download

Author: Mark D. Skopin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Blood-brain barrier
Languages : en
Pages : 164

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Book Description
Animal models of traumatic brain injury (TBI) are utilized for the study of underlying mechanisms and for the development of potential therapeutics. Traditional TBI models apply concussive forces to the cranium or provide a direct injury to neuronal tissue to model penetrating head wounds. The observation of mild to moderate TBI symptoms in personnel exposed to blast waves has led to the hypothesis that the disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) can cause the symptoms commonly associated with TBI. Using intracarotid injection of hyperosmotic fluid, we assessed the histological and behavioral consequences of a transient disruption of the BBB and compared the results to the classical controlled-cortical impact (CCI) model of penetrating head injuries in rats. Our results demonstrate that the disruption of the BBB causes similar deficits in spatial memory as measured by the Barnes maze compared to other classical TBI models. Furthermore, a computational model was developed to investigate how different types of neural injuries affect a biological network capable of neurogenesis. These findings suggest that a disruption of the BBB can contribute to the neuronal dysfunction associated with brain injury and novel treatments that prevent plasma extravasation during BBB disruption could have therapeutic benefits.

Author: Daniel Laskowitz
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1498766579
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 388

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Book Description
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant source of death and permanent disability, contributing to nearly one-third of all injury related deaths in the United States and exacting a profound personal and economic toll. Despite the increased resources that have recently been brought to bear to improve our understanding of TBI, the developme

Author: Firas H. Kobeissy
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1466565993
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 718

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Book Description
With the contribution from more than one hundred CNS neurotrauma experts, this book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account on the latest developments in the area of neurotrauma including biomarker studies, experimental models, diagnostic methods, and neurotherapeutic intervention strategies in brain injury research. It discusses neurotrauma mechanisms, biomarker discovery, and neurocognitive and neurobehavioral deficits. Also included are medical interventions and recent neurotherapeutics used in the area of brain injury that have been translated to the area of rehabilitation research. In addition, a section is devoted to models of milder CNS injury, including sports injuries.

Author: Robert Vink
Publisher: University of Adelaide Press
ISBN: 0987073052
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 354

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Book Description
The brain is the most complex organ in our body. Indeed, it is perhaps the most complex structure we have ever encountered in nature. Both structurally and functionally, there are many peculiarities that differentiate the brain from all other organs. The brain is our connection to the world around us and by governing nervous system and higher function, any disturbance induces severe neurological and psychiatric disorders that can have a devastating effect on quality of life. Our understanding of the physiology and biochemistry of the brain has improved dramatically in the last two decades. In particular, the critical role of cations, including magnesium, has become evident, even if incompletely understood at a mechanistic level. The exact role and regulation of magnesium, in particular, remains elusive, largely because intracellular levels are so difficult to routinely quantify. Nonetheless, the importance of magnesium to normal central nervous system activity is self-evident given the complicated homeostatic mechanisms that maintain the concentration of this cation within strict limits essential for normal physiology and metabolism. There is also considerable accumulating evidence to suggest alterations to some brain functions in both normal and pathological conditions may be linked to alterations in local magnesium concentration. This book, containing chapters written by some of the foremost experts in the field of magnesium research, brings together the latest in experimental and clinical magnesium research as it relates to the central nervous system. It offers a complete and updated view of magnesiums involvement in central nervous system function and in so doing, brings together two main pillars of contemporary neuroscience research, namely providing an explanation for the molecular mechanisms involved in brain function, and emphasizing the connections between the molecular changes and behavior. It is the untiring efforts of those magnesium researchers who have dedicated their lives to unraveling the mysteries of magnesiums role in biological systems that has inspired the collation of this volume of work.

Author: David Ira Shreiber
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 188

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Book Description

Author: Hoangha Thi Dao
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Blood-brain barrier
Languages : en
Pages : 150

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Book Description
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant source of death and permanent disability, contributing to 30% of all injury deaths in the United States (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017). This complex condition produced by different mechanisms has destructive consequences that affect many aspects of life for patients and their families. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption was hypothesized to play a role in the development and progression of TBI. Effects from three injury models (BBB disruption by hyperosmotic mannitol, controlled cortical impact (CCI), and blast overpressure) were studied through behavioral, electrophysiological, and histological analysis. Results showed BBB disruption can produce behavioral deficits commonly seen in TBI. Barnes maze testing showed changes in some aspects of spatial memory such as latency and search strategy, while others were unaffected. Different patterns of molecule leakage were observed after BBB disruption by mannitol and blast overpressure. Extravasation from blast injuries was less than from mannitol injections but still produced changes in astrocyte reactivity. Results from treatment of BBB disruption with plasma expanders support our theory that reduction of plasma extravasation may reduce TBI symptoms.

Author: Christian W. Kreipke
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 146144148X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 174

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Book Description
Written to satisfy a wide audience, from basic scientist to clinical researcher, this volume explores such varied concepts as: the influence of CBF in the pathotrajectory of TBI, modeling TBI as a means to understand underlying pathological states associated with brain injury victims, disrupted vasculature following head trauma and advanced imaging techniques, vasoreactive substances underlying disrupted blood flow, the role of age and sex on injury outcome, and the latest pre-clinical rationale for focusing on CBF and strategies to improve blood flow as a means to improve outcome in patients suffering the effects of TBI.

Author: Christopher Donald Hue
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Book Description
Potentiated recovery with DEX treatment was accompanied by stronger ZO-1 tight junction immunostaining and expression, suggesting that increased ZO-1 expression was a structural correlate to BBB recovery. This is the first study to provide a mechanistic basis for potentiated functional recovery of an in vitro BBB model due to glucocorticoid treatment after blast injury. Using an in vivo bTBI model, systemic administration of sodium fluorescein (NaFl; 376 Da), Evans blue (EB; 69 kDa when bound to serum albumin) and dextrans (3 – 500 kDa) was used to estimate the pore-size of BBB opening and time required for recovery. Exposure to blast resulted in significant acute extravasation of NaFl, 3 kDa dextran, and EB. However, there was no significant acute extravasation of 70 kDa or 500 kDa dextrans, and minimal to no extravasation of NaFl, dextrans, or EB 1 day after exposure. This work is the first to quantify the time course and size of BBB opening after bTBI, suggesting that the BBB recovered 1 day post-injury.

Author: Amit Agrawal
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535102656
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 538

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Book Description
The present two volume book "Brain Injury" is distinctive in its presentation and includes a wealth of updated information on many aspects in the field of brain injury. The Book is devoted to the pathogenesis of brain injury, concepts in cerebral blood flow and metabolism, investigative approaches and monitoring of brain injured, different protective mechanisms and recovery and management approach to these individuals, functional and endocrine aspects of brain injuries, approaches to rehabilitation of brain injured and preventive aspects of traumatic brain injuries. The collective contribution from experts in brain injury research area would be successfully conveyed to the readers and readers will find this book to be a valuable guide to further develop their understanding about brain injury.

Author: Liang-Fu Zhou
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3211094695
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 228

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Book Description
Cerebral hemorrhage is a common and often fatal subtype of stroke. while in the past it has received relatively little attention compared to ischemic stroke, there have been major advances in our understanding of this devastating form of stroke. The papers by world experts cover the field from molecular biology to clinical trials.