The Ice Transport Through the Fram Strait PDF Download

Author: Torgny Vinje
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sea ice
Languages : en
Pages : 46

View

Book Description

Author: Burton G. Hurdle
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461580358
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 788

View

Book Description
" ... as soon as one has traversed the greater part of the wild sea, one comes upon such a huge quantity of ice that nowhere in the whole world has the like been known." "This ice is of a wonderful nature. It lies at times quite still, as one would expect, with openings or large fjords in it; but sometimes its movement is so strong and rapid as to equal that of a ship running before the wind, and it drifts against the wind as often as with it." Kongespeilet - 1250 A.D. ("The Mirror of Kings") Modern societies require increasing amounts influence on the water mass and on the resulting of scientific information about the environment total environment of the region; therefore, cer tain of its characteristics will necessarily be in whieh they live and work. For the seas this information must describe the air above the sea, included.

Author: Patricia Anderson Ryan
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780438241923
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 93

View

Book Description
This dissertation focuses on sea ice observations in Nares Strait between 2003 and 2012. Ice transported via the channel contributes to freshwater flux through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA). Nares Strait, which forms the eastern boundary of the CAA, is second only to Fram Strait for volume outflow from the Arctic basin. Flow through the channel is described by two regimes. The distinction between these is the presence or absence of a land-fast ice bridge blocking ice transport. During the beginning and end of this study, ice bridges form each year and last for 3 to 6 months. However, ice flows virtually uninhibited for four years beginning in 2006. Data gathered from ice profiling sonars (IPS) moored in the channel are used to measure ice draft. Ice is found to be thicker in the western channel and to have highest velocity in the central channel. The statistical distribution of ice is assessed at seasonal and inter-annual scales temporally. Whereas ice in the Arctic Basin has been thinning, thick multi-year ice continues to flow through Nares Strait. With a goal to estimate ice volume flux through the channel, use of a steady state semianalytic channel flow model to supplement spatial and temporal gaps in ice velocity data is evaluated. Specifically, its ability to reproduce geostrophic flow characteristics and surface velocities in a cross-section of Nares Strait is assessed by comparison to well-resolved observational data. Surface forcing due to winds, the presence of mobile ice and land-fast ice cover conditions are implemented in the model. In order to replicate ice velocity at the water surface, the model requires extreme values for viscosity and amplified drag coefficients. A time series of ice flux is finally derived. Annual ice volume transport through Nares Strait averages 171±62 km3 when an ice bridge blocks the channel as compared to 472±126 km3 when ice flows freely year-round. Thus, Nares Strait transports between 6 and 21% of the volume of ice transported by Fram Strait.

Author: Robert R. Dickson
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402067747
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 728

View

Book Description
We are only now beginning to understand the climatic impact of the remarkable events that are now occurring in subarctic waters. Researchers, however, have yet to agree upon a predictive model that links change in our northern seas to climate. This volume brings together the body of evidence needed to develop climate models that quantify the ocean exchanges through subarctic seas, measure their variability, and gauge their impact on climate.

Author:
Publisher: American Geophysical Union
ISBN:
Category : Oceanography
Languages : en
Pages : 289

View

Book Description

Author: Gunnar Spreen
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3640129288
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 209

View

Book Description
Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2008 in the subject Geography / Earth Science - Physical Geography, Geomorphology, Environmental Studies, grade: 1,0, University of Hamburg (Institut für Meereskunde), 170 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: The sea ice export out of the Arctic Ocean through Fram Strait into the Greenland Sea is the single largest source of freshwater in the Nordic Seas and therefore of spezial importance for the hydrological cycle of the North Atlantic. On its way south, the exported sea ice melts and thereby modifies the stratification of the ocean surface mixed layer, which in turn influences oceanic deep convection and water mass transformation processes in the Nordic Seas and thus impact global ocean thermohaline circulation. The lack of spatial sea ice thickness information has been one of the weaknesses for previous existing methods to determine the sea ice export. In this study a new method to obtain the sea ice volume flux exclusively from satellite measurements is presented. Previous estimates of the sea ice volume flux relayed on ice draft measurements of a single Upward Looking Sonar (ULS) in the Greenland Sea. The GLAS laser altimeter onboard the ICESat satellite launched in 2003 offers for the first time the opportunity to obtain the spatial sea ice thickness distribution up to 86°N latitude. In this study a method to determine the sea ice freeboard from ICESat altimeter data is developed and applied to nine ICESat measurement periods between 2003 and 2007. Assuming hydrostatic balance and by utilization of further satellite, in situ and climatological data these sea ice freeboard measurements are converted to sea ice thickness maps of the Fram Strait region. The satellite-based ice thickness estimates are combined with sea ice area and sea ice drift, as retrieved from AMSR-E microwave radiometer measurements at 89GHz, to obtain the sea ice volume flux. The errors of the input quantities and the final sea ice volume flux are assessed. Using this method the spatial sea ice volume flux distribution is obtained from satellite observations for the first time. The Fram Strait sea ice volume flux is further investigated by calculating a monthly sea ice volume flux time series between January 2003 and April 2007. Summer months have to be disregarded due to missing sea ice drift data. The sea ice volume flux shows large interannual and -seasonal variability. A mean monthly Fram Strait sea ice volume flux of (248±90) km3/month with respective minimum and maximum values of 112 km3/month (May 2003) and 484 km3/month (December 2004) was found...

Author: Ivan E. Frolov
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540376658
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 305

View

Book Description
A group of authors from the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute in St Petersburg, Russia, have all achieved individual doctoral theses on various aspects of Arctic and Antarctic research. This book is written by experienced group of researchers and authors.

Author: U. Bleil
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400920296
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 811

View

Book Description
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop, Bremen, Germany, October 10-14, 1988

Author: B. Rudels
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fram Strait
Languages : en
Pages :

View

Book Description

Author: Matti Leppäranta
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642046835
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 370

View

Book Description
The Second Edition of The Drift of Sea Ice presents the fundamental laws of sea ice drift which come from the material properties of sea ice and the basic laws of mechanics. The resulting system of equations is analysed for the general properties of sea ice drift, the free drift model and analytical models for ice drift in the presence of internal friction, and the construction of numerical ice drift models is detailed. This second edition of a much lauded work, unique on this topic in the English language, has been revised, updated and expanded with much new information and outlines recent results, in particular in relation to the climate problem, mathematical modelling and ice engineering applications. The current book presents the theory, observations, mathematical modelling techniques, and applications of sea ice drift science. The theory is presented from the beginning on a graduate student level, so that students and researchers coming from other fields such as physical oceanography, meteorology, physics, engineering, environmental sciences or geography can use the book as a source book or self-study material. First the drift ice material is presented ending with the concept of ‘ice state’ – the relevant properties in sea ice dynamics. Ice kinematics observations are widely presented with the mathematical analysis methods, and thereafter come drift ice rheology – to close the triangle material – kinematics – stress. The momentum equation of sea ice is derived in detail and its general properties are carefully analysed. Then follow two chapters on analytical models: free drift and drift in the presence of internal friction: These are very important tools in understanding the dynamical behaviour of sea ice. The last topical chapter is numerical models, which are the modern tool to solve ice dynamics problem in short term and long term problems. The closing chapter summarises sea ice dynamics applications and the need of sea ice dynamic knowledge and gives some final remarks on the future of this branch of science.