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Author: Peter Havlik Publisher: ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 112
Book Description
The paper considers the theoretical and practical problems connected with the estimation Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for the centrally planned economy of Czechoslovakia. In the methodological part the basic differences between the SNA (System of National Accounts) and MPS (Material Product System) accounting systems are discussed and several transformation procedures are presented. The price formation used in Czechoslovak MPS aggregates is briefly described before the problem of converting the data in national currency to US dollars is highlighted. Alternative GDP estimates, exchange rates and growth rates are compared. Own estimates, based on the purchasing parity type comparison with Austria, are presented in comparison with official Czechoslovak indexes. The appendices contain the detailed description of MPS/SNA transformation procedures as well as the statistical tables illustrating the process of GDP reconstruction based on Czechoslovak data for the period 1970-1990.
Author: Peter Havlik Publisher: ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 112
Book Description
The paper considers the theoretical and practical problems connected with the estimation Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for the centrally planned economy of Czechoslovakia. In the methodological part the basic differences between the SNA (System of National Accounts) and MPS (Material Product System) accounting systems are discussed and several transformation procedures are presented. The price formation used in Czechoslovak MPS aggregates is briefly described before the problem of converting the data in national currency to US dollars is highlighted. Alternative GDP estimates, exchange rates and growth rates are compared. Own estimates, based on the purchasing parity type comparison with Austria, are presented in comparison with official Czechoslovak indexes. The appendices contain the detailed description of MPS/SNA transformation procedures as well as the statistical tables illustrating the process of GDP reconstruction based on Czechoslovak data for the period 1970-1990.
Author: International Monetary Fund Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 9781557751690 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 84
Book Description
This paper is based on an internal report prepared by the IMF staff in connection with the application of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic (Czechoslovakia) for membership in the IMF. The paper surveys the economic system that had developed up to the time of the reforms begun in 1987 and outlines the economy's performance during 1945–1985. It then discusses the economic developments of 1985–1990, with separate sections on output, prices, public finance, money, and the balance of payments. Prices served mainly as an instrument of central planning: each price was set independently and a change in one price had no influence on other prices. The annual foreign exchange plan, derived from the state plan, strictly controlled foreign exchange transactions. It specified imports and exports of goods and services by enterprises for the convertible and nonconvertible area. The exact modalities of the denationalization scheme have not yet been determined. However, consideration is being given to a scheme whereby state enterprises would be transformed into joint stock companies, and “ownership vouchers” would be distributed to the population which would entitle their holders to purchase stock in these companies.
Author: OECD Publisher: OECD Publishing ISBN: 9264058699 Category : Languages : en Pages : 314
Book Description
Presents a unique set of detailed and internationally comparable tax data in a common format for all OECD countries from 1965 onwards.
Author: OECD Publisher: OECD Publishing ISBN: 9264017860 Category : Languages : en Pages : 301
Book Description
OECD Revenue Statistics provides detailed statistical data on tax, social security, and other revenues of OECD member country governments. Data are broken down by type of tax - at a very high level of detail - and level of government.
Author: National Academy of Engineering Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309520428 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 280
Book Description
Industrial ecology is a concept that has emerged in response to growing public concern about the impact of industry on the environment. In this framework the natural flow (or circulation) of materials and energy that takes place in biological ecosystems becomes a model for more efficient industrial "metabolism." What industrial ecology is and how it may be applied to corporate environmentalism are the subject of The Industrial Green Game. This volume examines industrial circulation of materials, energy efficiency strategies, "green" accounting, life-cycle analysis, and other approaches for preventing pollution and improving performance. Corporate leaders report firsthand on "green" efforts at Ciba-Geigy, Volvo, Kennecott, and Norsk Hydro. And an update is provided on the award-winning industrial symbiosis project in Kalundborg, Denmark. The Industrial Green Game looks at issues of special concern to business, such as measuring and shaping public perceptions and marketing "green" products to consumers. It offers discussions of the appropriate roles of government and private business.
Author: Peter Havlik
Author: Peter Havlik
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Author: International Monetary Fund
Author: OECD
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Author: OECD
Author: National Academy of Engineering
Author: United States. Central Intelligence Agency
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