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Author: B. Balko Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 1483286991 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 166
Book Description
Provides a definitive overview of the current status of gamma-ray lasers including contributions from scientists pursuing active research in areas relevant to the graser problem. Describes a range of programmes which deal with selecting candidate nuclei, procuring the right lasing medium and forming it into an acicular geometry, working in an energy regime that enables utilizing the Mossbauer Effect, using the Campbell-Borrmann Effect to decrease electronic absorption, designing basic experiments that demonstrate critical steps necessary to produce a graser, and clarifying a number of theoretical problems specific to the nuclear laser.
Author: B. Balko Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 1483286991 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 166
Book Description
Provides a definitive overview of the current status of gamma-ray lasers including contributions from scientists pursuing active research in areas relevant to the graser problem. Describes a range of programmes which deal with selecting candidate nuclei, procuring the right lasing medium and forming it into an acicular geometry, working in an energy regime that enables utilizing the Mossbauer Effect, using the Campbell-Borrmann Effect to decrease electronic absorption, designing basic experiments that demonstrate critical steps necessary to produce a graser, and clarifying a number of theoretical problems specific to the nuclear laser.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 107
Book Description
The most productive approaches to the problem of the gamma ray laser have focused upon upconversion techniques in which metastable nuclei are pumped with long wavelength radiation. At the nuclear level the storage of energy can approach tera-Joules (10(exp 12)J) per liter for thousands of years. However, any plan to use such a resource for a gamma ray laser poses problems of a broad interdisciplinary nature requiring the fusion of concepts taken from relatively unrelated fields of physics. Our research group has described several means through which this energy might be coupled to radiation field with cross sections for stimulated emission that could reach 10(exp -17) sq cm. Such a stimulated release could lead to output powers as great as 3 x 102 Watts/liter. Since 1978 we have pursued an approach for the upconversion of longer wavelength radiation incident upon isomeric nuclear populations that can avoid many of the difficulties encountered with traditional concepts 0 single-photon pumping. Experiments have confirmed the general theory and have indicated that a gamma-ray laser is feasible if the right combination of energy levels and branching ratios exists in some real material. Of the 1,886 distinguishable nuclear materials, the present state-of-the-art has been adequate to identify 29 first-class candidates, but further evaluation cannot proceed without remeasurements of nuclear. A laser-grade database of nuclear properties does not yet exist but the techniques for constructing one have been developed and utilize under this contract.
Author: Bohdan Balko Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 12
Book Description
As a result of the IST/IDA Gamma-Ray Laser Workshop held in May 1985, a general picture of the gamma-ray laser has emerged. The characteristics of the radiation from this source are contrasted with those from other coherent sources; these include energy, bandwidth, intensity, and coherence length. Potential nonmilitary applications are listed; and two classes of military applications are suggested. Those characteristics which drive a specific application are spelled out.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Collisions of light photons with relativistic electrons have previously been used to produce polarized .gamma.-ray beams with modest ( -10%) resolution but relatively low intensity. In contrast, the LEGS project (Laser + Electron Gamma Source) at Brookhaven will produce a very high flux (>2 x 107 s−1) of background-free polarized .gamma. rays whose energy will be determined to a high accuracy (.delta. E = 2.3 MeV). Initially, 300(420)-MeV .gamma. rays will be produced by backscattering uv light from the new 2.5(3.0)-GeV X-ray storage ring of the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS). The LEGS facility will operate as one of many passive users of the NSLS. In a later stage of the project, a Free Electron Laser is expectred to extend the .gamma.-ray energy up to 700 MeV.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The possibility of extending the laser principle into the hard x-ray region above a few keV depends upon the ability of a pump to create the critical density of population inversion for which gain overcomes loss by absorption. Although this critical density decreases with the wavelength of the radiation to be stimulated, the power required to generate it depends upon the lifetime of the state being pumped. The lifetimes of inner-shell vacancies of atoms are very short. Nuclear states, on the other hand, have much longer lifetimes, ranging from fractions of picoseconds to millennia. Moreover, in the so-called recoilless or Moessbauer transitions of nuclear isomers, it was observed that the resonance cross section often exceeds the nonresonant absorption cross section by several orders of magnitude: just the condition for lasing in an inverted population. If, other things being equal, the absorber foil of a Moessbauer experiment contained an excess of excited states, then, instead of the absorption dip normally observed at resonance, there would be an increase of intensity, and amplification by stimulated emission would be achieved. The problem in making a gamma-ray laser is, therefore, simply that of obtaining an inverted population without inhibiting the Moessbauer effect. Research on this problem is reviewed.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The most productive approaches to the problem of the gamma-ray laser have focused upon upconversion techniques in which metastable nuclei are pumped with long wavelength radiation. At the nuclear level the storage of energy can approach tera-Joules (10(exp 12)J) per liter for thousands of years. However, any plan to use such a resource for a gamma-ray laser poses problems of a broad interdisciplinary nature requiring the fusion of concepts taken from relatively unrelated fields of physics. Our research group has described several means through which this energy might be coupled to radiation fields with cross sections for stimulated emission that could reach 10(exp -17)sq cm. Such a stimulated release could lead to output powers as great as 3 x 1021 Watts/liter. Since 1978 we have pursued an approach for the upconversion of longer wavelength radiation incident upon isomeric nuclear populations that can avoid many of the difficulties encountered with traditional concepts of single photon pumping. Experiments have confirmed the general theory and have indicated that a gamma- ray laser is feasible if the right combination of energy levels and branching ratios exists in some real material. Of the 1,886 distinguishable nuclear materials, the present state-of-the-art has been adequate to identify 29 first- class candidates, but further evaluation cannot proceed without remeasurements of nuclear properties with higher precision. Gamma-ray laser, Ultrashort wavelength laser.
Author: Richard L. Liboff Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 16
Book Description
In this analysis we describe briefly a possible approach to the realization of a gamma-ray laser ('graser') 1,2. The proposed scheme has its basis in certain long-lived excited states among the heavier nuclei. Decay of such states, for the most part, gives rise to high-order multipole radiation. These excited states are populated through either beta-decay or electron capture. The device presumes that a collection of such long-lived excited states is unstable to induced resonant emission. Decay of parent nuclei serve as the pumping mechanism in the proposed lasing scheme. (Author).
Author: B. Balko
Author: B. Balko
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Author: Bohdan Balko
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Author: J. C. Solem
Author: Richard H. Milburn
Author: George C. Baldwin
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Author: 
Author: Richard L. Liboff