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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Audiology Languages : en Pages : 57
Book Description
One of the most common complaints of persons with sensorineural hearing loss is difficulty hearing in background noise. Temporal fine structure (TFS) is one of the factors that contributes to understanding speech in the presence of background noise. TFS refers to the periodic information in speech which helps us to identify which speech sound we are listening to. TFS is also negatively affected by hearing loss, as well as age. In a quest to discover how TFS processing and thus speech-in-noise understanding can be improved, this study examined the effects of musical training on behavioral and physiological measures of temporal fine structure, as well as the brain-behavior relationship as it relates to frequency representation in the brainstem. This relationship was measured by two behavioral tests: frequency discrimination and a measure of speech understanding in background noise - the Hearing-in-Noise test (HINT), and one physiologic measure, the frequency following response (FFR). The stimuli for frequency discrimination and the FFR were tonebursts of 500 Hz in quiet, 1000 Hz in quiet, 500 Hz in noise, and 1000 Hz in noise. A total of 28 subjects were tested, 16 musicians and 12 non-musicians. The results showed that musicians had better frequency difference limens (FDLs) than non-musicians. For the physiologic measure, musical experience did not affect phase-locked representations of TFS. Musicians also did not have better signal-to-noise ratios on the HINT. There were no significant brain-behavior relationships between measures except that lower or better FDL thresholds at 1000 Hz in quiet implied lower or worse phase coherence at 1000 Hz in quiet. A greater number of years of musical experience related to lower or better FDLs for the conditions in quiet but not in noise. The years of training did not relate to performance on FFR phase coherence, amplitude, or HINT scores. It was concluded that musical training significantly enhanced behavioral TFS processing, however no significant effects were noted for neural representation of TFS or speech-in-noise understanding.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Audiology Languages : en Pages : 57
Book Description
One of the most common complaints of persons with sensorineural hearing loss is difficulty hearing in background noise. Temporal fine structure (TFS) is one of the factors that contributes to understanding speech in the presence of background noise. TFS refers to the periodic information in speech which helps us to identify which speech sound we are listening to. TFS is also negatively affected by hearing loss, as well as age. In a quest to discover how TFS processing and thus speech-in-noise understanding can be improved, this study examined the effects of musical training on behavioral and physiological measures of temporal fine structure, as well as the brain-behavior relationship as it relates to frequency representation in the brainstem. This relationship was measured by two behavioral tests: frequency discrimination and a measure of speech understanding in background noise - the Hearing-in-Noise test (HINT), and one physiologic measure, the frequency following response (FFR). The stimuli for frequency discrimination and the FFR were tonebursts of 500 Hz in quiet, 1000 Hz in quiet, 500 Hz in noise, and 1000 Hz in noise. A total of 28 subjects were tested, 16 musicians and 12 non-musicians. The results showed that musicians had better frequency difference limens (FDLs) than non-musicians. For the physiologic measure, musical experience did not affect phase-locked representations of TFS. Musicians also did not have better signal-to-noise ratios on the HINT. There were no significant brain-behavior relationships between measures except that lower or better FDL thresholds at 1000 Hz in quiet implied lower or worse phase coherence at 1000 Hz in quiet. A greater number of years of musical experience related to lower or better FDLs for the conditions in quiet but not in noise. The years of training did not relate to performance on FFR phase coherence, amplitude, or HINT scores. It was concluded that musical training significantly enhanced behavioral TFS processing, however no significant effects were noted for neural representation of TFS or speech-in-noise understanding.
Author: Stefan Koelsch Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 0470683406 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 323
Book Description
A comprehensive survey of the latest neuroscientific research into the effects of music on the brain Covers a variety of topics fundamental for music perception, including musical syntax, musical semantics, music and action, music and emotion Includes general introductory chapters to engage a broad readership, as well as a wealth of detailed research material for experts Offers the most empirical (and most systematic) work on the topics of neural correlates of musical syntax and musical semantics Integrates research from different domains (such as music, language, action and emotion both theoretically and empirically, to create a comprehensive theory of music psychology
Author: Geoffrey A. Manley Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319520733 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 361
Book Description
This SHAR volume serves to expand, supplement, and update the original "Cochlea" volume in the series. The book aims to highlight the power of diverse modern approaches in cochlear research by focusing on advances in those fields over the last two decades. It also provides insights into where cochlear research is going, including new hearing prostheses for the deaf that will most likely soon enter the phase of clinical trials. The book will appeal to a broad, interdisciplinary readership, including neuroscientists and clinicians in addition to the more specific auditory community.
Author: McNeel Gordon Jantzen Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2889199118 Category : Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry Languages : en Pages : 117
Book Description
The interplay between musical training and speech perception continues to intrigue researchers in the areas of language and music alike. Historically, language function has been attributed to brain regions localized predominately in left hemisphere, whereas music has been attributed to right hemisphere dominant regions. Recent studies demonstrating neural overlap for processing speech and music, and enhanced speech perception and production in musicians suggest that these regions may be inextricably intertwined. The extent of neural overlap between music and speech remains hotly debated, with surprisingly little empirical research exploring specific neural homo-logs and analogs. Moreover, despite recognition that shared processes likely exist throughout development and depend upon an individual’s acoustic experiences, even less research exists on how overlapping neural structures for music and language are affected by developmental trajectories. Nonetheless, the field is well poised to address key empirical questions, in part because of the recent development of new theories that address the neural and developmental interaction between music and language processing in conjunction with the broad availability of sophisticated tools for quantifying brain activity and dynamics. To understand the overlap of neural structures for language and music processing, research is needed to identify those specific functions of each that influence the other, with areas for enhanced perception of pitch and onset time having already been targeted. Research is also needed to identify the extent to which this overlap is developed in infancy or early childhood and the process by which it affects neural reorganization, plasticity, and trainability in adulthood. For this research topic, we would like to further explore the relationship between language and music in the brain from two perspectives: 1) understanding the nature of shared neural and cognitive processing for music and language and 2) understanding the developmental trajectory of these neural systems and how they are influenced by experience. We seek to gather technically diverse original research articles that present new empirical findings relevant to understanding: 1. When, in the brain, acoustic information becomes processed specifically as language or music. The shared and independent neural structures for processing music and language. 3. How acoustic experiences such as musical training influence overlap of neural structures for language and music. 4. How the overlap of processing regions changes over time due to experiences at any developmental stage.
Author: Irene Deliege Publisher: Psychology Press ISBN: 1135472246 Category : Music Languages : en Pages : 461
Book Description
This text comprises of papers relating to music and mind. It presents a range of approaches from the psychological through the computational, to the musicological.
Author: Isabelle Peretz Publisher: OUP Oxford ISBN: 0191587141 Category : Music Languages : en Pages : 466
Book Description
Music offers a unique opportunity to better understand the organization of the human brain. Like language, music exists in all human societies. Like language, music is a complex, rule-governed activity that seems specific to humans, and associated with a specific brain architecture. Yet unlike most other high-level functions of the human brain - and unlike language - music is a skill at which only a minority of people become proficient. The study of music as a major brain function has for some time been relatively neglected. Just recently, however, we have witnessed an explosion in research activities on music perception and performance and their correlates in the human brain. This volume brings together an outstanding collection of international authorities - from the fields of music, neuroscience, psychology, and neurology - to describe the amazing advances being made in understanding the complex relationship between music and the brain. Aimed at psychologists and neuroscientists, this is a book that will lay the foundations for a cognitive neuroscience of music.
Author: Teppo Särkämö Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2889198316 Category : Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry Languages : en Pages : 310
Book Description
Music is an important source of enjoyment, learning, and well-being in life as well as a rich, powerful, and versatile stimulus for the brain. With the advance of modern neuroimaging techniques during the past decades, we are now beginning to understand better what goes on in the healthy brain when we hear, play, think, and feel music and how the structure and function of the brain can change as a result of musical training and expertise. For more than a century, music has also been studied in the field of neurology where the focus has mostly been on musical deficits and symptoms caused by neurological illness (e.g., amusia, musicogenic epilepsy) or on occupational diseases of professional musicians (e.g., focal dystonia, hearing loss). Recently, however, there has been increasing interest and progress also in adopting music as a therapeutic tool in neurological rehabilitation, and many novel music-based rehabilitation methods have been developed to facilitate motor, cognitive, emotional, and social functioning of infants, children and adults suffering from a debilitating neurological illness or disorder. Traditionally, the fields of music neuroscience and music therapy have progressed rather independently, but they are now beginning to integrate and merge in clinical neurology, providing novel and important information about how music is processed in the damaged or abnormal brain, how structural and functional recovery of the brain can be enhanced by music-based rehabilitation methods, and what neural mechanisms underlie the therapeutic effects of music. Ideally, this information can be used to better understand how and why music works in rehabilitation and to develop more effective music-based applications that can be targeted and tailored towards individual rehabilitation needs. The aim of this Research Topic is to bring together research across multiple disciplines with a special focus on music, brain, and neurological rehabilitation. We encourage researchers working in the field to submit a paper presenting either original empirical research, novel theoretical or conceptual perspectives, a review, or methodological advances related to following two core topics: 1) how are musical skills and attributes (e.g., perceiving music, experiencing music emotionally, playing or singing) affected by a developmental or acquired neurological illness or disorder (for example, stroke, aphasia, brain injury, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, autism, ADHD, dyslexia, focal dystonia, or tinnitus) and 2) what is the applicability, effectiveness, and mechanisms of music-based rehabilitation methods for persons with a neurological illness or disorder? Research methodology can include behavioural, physiological and/or neuroimaging techniques, and studies can be either clinical group studies or case studies (studies of healthy subjects are applicable only if their findings have clear clinical implications).
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Author: Yun Nan
Author: Stefan Koelsch
Author: Allen Stuart Unklesbay
Author: Geoffrey A. Manley
Author: McNeel Gordon Jantzen
Author: Marta Olivetti Belardinelli
Author: Irene Deliege
Author: Isabelle Peretz
Author: Teppo Särkämö