The Effects of Channel Estimation Errors on Wideband CDMA Systems with Path, Frequency, Time, and Space Diversity PDF Download

Author: Lucy Lok-Kwan Chong
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 222

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Author: Ayman M. Assra
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Supporting the expected high data rates required by wireless Internet and high-speed multimedia services is one of the basic requirements in broadband mobile wireless systems. However, the achievable capacity and data rate of wireless communication systems are limited by the time-varying nature of the channel. Efficient techniques for combating the time-varying effects of wireless channels can be achieved by utilizing different forms of diversity. In recent years, transmit diversity based on space-time coding (STC) has received more attention as an effective technique for combating fading. On the other hand, most existing space-time diversity techniques have been developed for flat-fading channels. Given the fact that wireless channels are generally frequency-selective, in this thesis, we aim to investigate the performance of space-time diversity schemes for wideband code-division multiple-access (WCDMA) systems over frequency-selective fading channels. The proposed receiver in this case is a rake-type receiver, which exploits the path diversity inherent to multipath propagation. Then, a decorrelator detector is used to mitigate the multiple access interference (MAI) and the known near-far problem. We derive the bit error rate (BER) expression over frequency-selective fading channels considering both the fast and slow fading cases. Finally, we show that our proposed receiver achieves the full system diversity through simulation and analytical results. Most of the work conducted in this area considers perfect knowledge of the channel at the receiver. Hence, channel identification brings significant challenges to multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) CDMA systems. In light of this, we propose a channel estimation and data detection scheme based on the superimposed training-based approach. The proposed scheme enhances the performance by eliminating the MAI from both the channel and data estimates by employing two decorrelators; channel and data decorrelators. The performance of the proposed estimation technique is investigated over frequency-selective slow fading channels where we derived a closed-form expression for the BER as a function of the number of users, K, the number resolvable paths, L, and the number of receive antennas, V . Finally, our proposed scheme is shown to be more robust to channel estimation errors. Furthermore, both the analytical and simulation results indicate that the full system diversity is achieved. Considering that training estimation techniques suffer either from low spectral efficiency (i.e., conventional training approach) or from high pilot power consumption (i.e., superimposed training-based approach), in the last part of the thesis, we present an iterative joint detection and estimation (JDE) using the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm for MIMO CDMA systems over frequency-selective fading channels. We also derive a closed-form expression for the optimized weight coefficients of the EM algorithm, which was shown to provide significant performance enhancement relative to the conventional equal-weight EM-based signal decomposition. Finally, our simulation results illustrate that the proposed receiver achieves near-optimum performance with modest complexity using very few training symbols.

Author: H. Vincent Poor
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0306473224
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 299

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Book Description
Signal Processing for Wireless Communication Systems brings together in one place important contributions and up-to-date research results in this fast moving area. The Contributors to this work were selected from leading researchers and practitioners in this field. The book's 18 chapters are divided into three areas: systems, Networks, and Implementation Issues; Channel Estimation and Equalization; and Multiuser Detection. The Work, originally published as Volume 30, Numbers 1-3 of the Journal of VLSI Signal Processing Systems for Signal, Image, and Video Technology, will be valuable to anyone working or researching in the field of wireless communication systems. It serves as an excellent reference, providing insight into some of the most challenging issues being examined today.

Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 14

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In our previous work, we compared the theoretical bit error rates of multi-carrier direct sequence code division multiple access (MC-DS-CDMA) and multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA). To ensure a fair comparison, we constrained both schemes to the same bandwidth, information rate, and energy-per-bit, and these constraints resulted in a possible trade-off between diversity gain and channel estimation errors between the two schemes. While only a single-input single-output (SISO) system was considered in our previous work, in this paper, we extend the comparison to a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system which employs Alamouti spacetime block coding at each sub-carrier frequency to achieve spatial diversity. We consider only those cases where MC-CDMA has higher frequency diversity than MC-DS-CDMA. Since increases in diversity yield diminishing gains, we conclude that the addition of spatial diversity to this multi-carrier comparison benefits MCDS-CDMA more than MC-CDMA. To determine whether these gains for MC-DS-CDMA are enough to offset the difference in frequency diversity between the two schemes, we derive closed form expressions for the bit error probabilities of both schemes, and we compare the MIMO results against those of the SISO system for different information rates, number of users, and number of pilot symbols per channel estimate.

Author:
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Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 652

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Author: Norihito Aoki
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 146

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Category : Dissertation abstracts
Languages : en
Pages : 776

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Author: Tuncer Baykas
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Today's wireless communication systems require more efficiency in terms of data rate. One of the ways to improve channel capacity of such systems is to utilize diversity. Space-time block codes provide transmit diversity gain without any significant increase in complexity of systems. However in some cases, the gain by utilizing diversity decreases due to some factors. In this work we studied two of these factors and their effects to several space-time block coded systems. The first factor is the spatial correlation among channels and the second factor is channel estimation errors. Both of these factors are experienced in real life situations. The systems under consideration are 2, 3 and 4 antenna orthogonal and quasi-orthogonal space-time block coded systems. We have also compared the results with the maximum ratio combining schemes with 2 and 4 receiver antennas.

Author: Lajos Hanzo
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470861800
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1014

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Book Description
Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is a method of digital modulation in which a signal is split into several narrowband channels at different frequencies. CDMA is a form of multiplexing, which allows numerous signals to occupy a single transmission channel, optimising the use of available bandwidth. Multiplexing is sending multiple signals or streams of information on a carrier at the same time in the form of a single, complex signal and then recovering the separate signals at the receiving end. Multi-Carrier (MC) CDMA is a combined technique of Direct Sequence (DS) CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) and OFDM techniques. It applies spreading sequences in the frequency domain. Wireless communications has witnessed a tremendous growth during the past decade and further spectacular enabling technology advances are expected in an effort to render ubiquitous wireless connectivity a reality. This technical in-depth book is unique in its detailed exposure of OFDM, MIMO-OFDM and MC-CDMA. A further attraction of the joint treatment of these topics is that it allows the reader to view their design trade-offs in a comparative context. Divided into three main parts: Part I provides a detailed exposure of OFDM designed for employment in various applications Part II is another design alternative applicable in the context of OFDM systems where the channel quality fluctuations observed are averaged out with the aid of frequency-domain spreading codes, which leads to the concept of MC-CDMA Part III discusses how to employ multiple antennas at the base station for the sake of supporting multiple users in the uplink Portrays the entire body of knowledge currently available on OFDM Provides the first complete treatment of OFDM, MIMO(Multiple Input Multiple Output)-OFDM and MC-CDMA Considers the benefits of channel coding and space time coding in the context of various application examples and features numerous complete system design examples Converts the lessons of Shannon’s information theory into design principles applicable to practical wireless systems Combines the benefits of a textbook with a research monograph where the depth of discussions progressively increase throughout the book This all-encompassing self-contained treatment will appeal to researchers, postgraduate students and academics, practising research and development engineers working for wireless communications and computer networking companies and senior undergraduate students and technical managers.

Author: Shahrokh Nayeb Nazar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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"The application of transmit diversity techniques such as Space-Time Block Coding (STBC) to the downlink of multiuser wireless communications systems has received considerable attention. The main advantage of such an approach is its ability to provide diversity gains through the use of multiple antennas only at the transmitting side without significantly increasing the complexity at the receiving end. Among the many multiple access techniques proposed, Multi-Carrier (MC) and Direct Sequence (DS) Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) techniques are known as the most promising candidates for future broadband mobile communication networks. In MC and DS-CDMA systems or combination thereof, employing transmit diversity, the spatial diversity gains can only be realized if the underlying channels are accurately acquired at the receiver. Furthermore, such systems suffer from high computational complexity which should be properly addressed for practical implementations. Motivated by these observations, in the first part of this dissertation, we introduce the chip-level ST block coding scheme for DS-CDMA systems. For this scheme, we address the problems of single-user detection as well as blind channel estimation, and we show that chip-level coding does not suffer from antenna order ambiguity. Moreover, we demonstrate that chip-level schemes exhibit low decoding delay and allow for the design of adaptive single-user detectors with improved short data-record performance characteristics compared to their symbol-level counterparts. In the second part of this dissertation, we present a novel transmission scheme for the downlink of MC-CDMA systems with transmit diversity that is based on chip-level Space-Frequency (SF) block coding. For this scheme, we investigate the problem of blind channel estimation when the received signal processing is done (i) pre-Fast Fourier Transform (FFT); and (ii) post-FFT. We propose two blind channel estimation algorithms based on subspace and Minimum Variance Distortionless Response (MVDR) principles. Moreover, we present an analytical performance analysis of the proposed algorithms by investigating the bias as well as the finite data record mean-square error of the channel estimates. Our analysis shows that SFBC MC-CDMA systems do not suffer from antenna order ambiguity. In addition, to benchmark the accuracy of our estimation algorithms, we derive the corresponding Cramer-Rao bounds (CRB) based on a novel approach that assumes the knowledge of only the spreading code of the desired user. Our approach has the advantage of providing lower bounds which are tighter than the CRBs with known signatures. We also study the problem of single user detection for downlink transmissions to address the issue of multiuser interference. In the case of the post-FFT approach, we take advantage of the SFBC-induced signal structure to derive linear single-user detectors with improved performance in short data-record situations. Finally, in order to address the issue of computational complexity, we exploit the structure of the covariance matrix of the received signal to simplify the computations involved in estimating the channel, and forming the detector."--