Author: Leticia Maciel Nogueira Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 276
Book Description
Obesity is one the few modifiable risk factors for breast cancer. Hence, an evaluation of the metabolic and cancer inhibitory effects of the obesity reversing strategies, calorie restriction (CR) and exercise, is important for breast cancer prevention. Additionally, a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the effects of these interventions on cancer will provide scientific basis for therapeutic recommendations, and facilitate the identification of therapeutic agents for breast cancer treatment in obese patients. We found that CR is more effective than exercise in reversing the metabolic and cancer enhancing effects of obesity. Even at comparable levels of adiposity, CR effects on insulin resistance, energy balance related hormones levels, and metabolic genes expression in adipose tissue were more profound than those of exercise. The mechanism by which CR influences tumor progression is thought to involve molecules that respond to energy balance changes and control cell growth, such as the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin decreased mammary tumor burden to levels comparable to CR. While established tumors did not display decreased mTOR activity, constitutively active mTOR was capable of overcoming some of the inhibitory effects of CR on tumor cells invasion and migration. Effects of increasing levels of CR on gene expression indicate that 30% and 40% CR, but not 20% CR, induce beneficial metabolic changes in the liver. However, 40% CR also increases apoptosis of hepatic cells which appears to be detrimental for the liver. IGF-1 infusion partially overcame the beneficial effects of CR on expression of tumor-related genes in the mammary fat pad and on mammary tumor growth. Taken together, our data show that CR, but not exercise, is able to reverse the metabolic and tumorigenic effects of obesity. Furthermore, the IGF-1 and mTOR pathways may mediate, at least in part, many of the beneficial effects of CR on metabolism and tumor progression.
Author: Gpo Style Board Publisher: WWW.Militarybookshop.CompanyUK ISBN: 9781907521621 Category : Reference Languages : en Pages : 470
Book Description
This, the 30th edition of the "United States Government Printing Office Style Manual," is the first revision to this authoritative style manual since 2002. The "GPO Style Manual, as it is popularly known, is issued under the authority of section 1105 of Title 44 U.S.C., which requires the Public Printer, as head of the GPO to "dtermine the form and style in which the printing...ordered by a department is executed...having proper reagrd to economy, workmanship, and the purposes for which the work is needed." The Manual is prepared by the GPO Style Board, composed of proofreading, printing, and Government documents specialists from within GPO, where all congressional publications, and many other key Federal Government documents are prepared. The first "GPO Style Manual" appeared in 1894. It was developed orginally as a printer's stylebook to standardize word and type treatment and remains so today. Through successived editions, however, the "GPO Style Manual" has come to be widely recognized by writers and editors both within and outside the Federal Government as one of the most useful resources in the editorial arsenal. This new, revised version of the "GPO Style Manual" has been thoroughly redesigned to make it more modern and easier to read, and the content has been updated generally throughout in keeping with current usage.
Author: Dorothea Bedigian Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1420005200 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 532
Book Description
The first comprehensive review of sesame and its close relative, Sesame: the genus Sesamum covers ethnographic data, modern use, linguistic analysis of sesame names from around the world, market size, export and import data, geographical sources, use in the food and cosmetic industries, and much more. The book includes a historical review of the ge
Author: Government Publishing Office Publisher: Bernan Press ISBN: 9781598889697 Category : Authorship Languages : en Pages : 476
Book Description
Published since 1894, the GPO Style Manual is issued under the authority of section 1105 of title 44 of the U.S. Code by the Director of the GPO. The Manual is prepared by the GPO Style Board as a guide to the style and form of federal government publishing. The GPO Style Manual has become a major reference source for professionals involved in the field of federal printing and publishing. Designed to achieve uniform word and type treatment and economy of word use in the form and style of government printing, the Manual has become to be widely recognized by writers and editors within and outside the federal government as one of the most useful resources in the editorial arsenal.
Author: Leticia Maciel Nogueira
Author: Gpo Style Board
Author: United States. Government Printing Office
Author: Dorothea Bedigian
Author: United States. Government Printing Office
Author: Hippocrates
Author: 
Author: United States. Congress
Author: Government Publishing Office
Author: Doris C. Bethea