Author: Race Stryker
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Buffer zones (Ecosystem management)
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Terrigenous sediment is a primary non-point source pollutant in the United States Virgin Islands(USVI), and is a persistent problem throughout the Caribbean. Large amounts of suspendedsediment produced by heavy rainfall can degrade seagrass beds and coral reefs, which provideecosystems services supporting fisheries and tourism of the USVI. As the impacts of climate andland use change increase, the events that cause large amounts of runoff could increase in frequencyand severity. On small islands in the Caribbean, it can take a long time for topsoil to accumulate.Even small losses of topsoil due to runoff can reduce the limited arable land which can have adisproportionate effect on agriculture and local food security.Nonpoint source pollutants present a unique challenge for land managers because they need to becontrolled across a large geographic area. One well established method for controlling runoff andsediment transport is the use of vegetated buffer zones. Vegetation can be used to directly coversoil that would otherwise erode, or it can be placed between eroding areas and waterways toreduce and filter runoff. Existing literature indicates that stem density is inversely correlated withrunoff velocity and the erosive energy of flowing water. The USVI currently does not have anywidespread erosion reduction policies or efforts to make use of buffer strips. This studyincorporated diverse ways of knowing into the design of the buffer strips and tested plantsrecommended by the community against erosion control plants conventionally used in islandecosystems to find a reef-safe landscape solution that is an effective buffer and culturally relevantsolution.We utilized runoff flumes in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) to test the effectiveness ofnative and exotic buffer vegetation in terms of their ability to slow oncoming sheet flow and reducethe concentration of sediment in the resulting runoff. The experiment tested four different covertypes: bare soil (control), weedy fallow, snake plant (Dracaena trifasciata) which is ecologicallyinvasive but considered native by some, and vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides) which is exoticecologically and culturally. The weedy fallow was the most effective buffer strip and was found tosignificantly slow the rate of sheet flow passing through the buffer strip, and reduce theconcentration of sediment in the runoff by an order of magnitude when compared to bare soil (1.3±0.5 g L-1 in bare soil runoff and 0.14 ±0.07 g L-1 in weedy fallow runoff). Vetiver grass and snakeplant did not perform as well as weedy fallow, and in some cases were not significantly differentfrom bare soil. While these cover types may have benefitted from longer establishment times, thereare costs associated with planting vetiver grass and snake plant on a large scale that make themless desirable management solutions when compared to existing practices of letting areas recruitwill fallow vegetation. This study found that the cultural practice of letting certain areas “go tobush” or recruit with fallow vegetation, is an effective and no-cost form of reef-safe landscaping thatcan be implemented widely in the USVI.
The effectiveness of local and exotic vegetative buffers at reducing runoff generationand sediment production in the United States Virgin Islands
Author: Race Stryker
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Buffer zones (Ecosystem management)
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Terrigenous sediment is a primary non-point source pollutant in the United States Virgin Islands(USVI), and is a persistent problem throughout the Caribbean. Large amounts of suspendedsediment produced by heavy rainfall can degrade seagrass beds and coral reefs, which provideecosystems services supporting fisheries and tourism of the USVI. As the impacts of climate andland use change increase, the events that cause large amounts of runoff could increase in frequencyand severity. On small islands in the Caribbean, it can take a long time for topsoil to accumulate.Even small losses of topsoil due to runoff can reduce the limited arable land which can have adisproportionate effect on agriculture and local food security.Nonpoint source pollutants present a unique challenge for land managers because they need to becontrolled across a large geographic area. One well established method for controlling runoff andsediment transport is the use of vegetated buffer zones. Vegetation can be used to directly coversoil that would otherwise erode, or it can be placed between eroding areas and waterways toreduce and filter runoff. Existing literature indicates that stem density is inversely correlated withrunoff velocity and the erosive energy of flowing water. The USVI currently does not have anywidespread erosion reduction policies or efforts to make use of buffer strips. This studyincorporated diverse ways of knowing into the design of the buffer strips and tested plantsrecommended by the community against erosion control plants conventionally used in islandecosystems to find a reef-safe landscape solution that is an effective buffer and culturally relevantsolution.We utilized runoff flumes in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) to test the effectiveness ofnative and exotic buffer vegetation in terms of their ability to slow oncoming sheet flow and reducethe concentration of sediment in the resulting runoff. The experiment tested four different covertypes: bare soil (control), weedy fallow, snake plant (Dracaena trifasciata) which is ecologicallyinvasive but considered native by some, and vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides) which is exoticecologically and culturally. The weedy fallow was the most effective buffer strip and was found tosignificantly slow the rate of sheet flow passing through the buffer strip, and reduce theconcentration of sediment in the runoff by an order of magnitude when compared to bare soil (1.3±0.5 g L-1 in bare soil runoff and 0.14 ±0.07 g L-1 in weedy fallow runoff). Vetiver grass and snakeplant did not perform as well as weedy fallow, and in some cases were not significantly differentfrom bare soil. While these cover types may have benefitted from longer establishment times, thereare costs associated with planting vetiver grass and snake plant on a large scale that make themless desirable management solutions when compared to existing practices of letting areas recruitwill fallow vegetation. This study found that the cultural practice of letting certain areas “go tobush” or recruit with fallow vegetation, is an effective and no-cost form of reef-safe landscaping thatcan be implemented widely in the USVI.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Buffer zones (Ecosystem management)
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Terrigenous sediment is a primary non-point source pollutant in the United States Virgin Islands(USVI), and is a persistent problem throughout the Caribbean. Large amounts of suspendedsediment produced by heavy rainfall can degrade seagrass beds and coral reefs, which provideecosystems services supporting fisheries and tourism of the USVI. As the impacts of climate andland use change increase, the events that cause large amounts of runoff could increase in frequencyand severity. On small islands in the Caribbean, it can take a long time for topsoil to accumulate.Even small losses of topsoil due to runoff can reduce the limited arable land which can have adisproportionate effect on agriculture and local food security.Nonpoint source pollutants present a unique challenge for land managers because they need to becontrolled across a large geographic area. One well established method for controlling runoff andsediment transport is the use of vegetated buffer zones. Vegetation can be used to directly coversoil that would otherwise erode, or it can be placed between eroding areas and waterways toreduce and filter runoff. Existing literature indicates that stem density is inversely correlated withrunoff velocity and the erosive energy of flowing water. The USVI currently does not have anywidespread erosion reduction policies or efforts to make use of buffer strips. This studyincorporated diverse ways of knowing into the design of the buffer strips and tested plantsrecommended by the community against erosion control plants conventionally used in islandecosystems to find a reef-safe landscape solution that is an effective buffer and culturally relevantsolution.We utilized runoff flumes in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) to test the effectiveness ofnative and exotic buffer vegetation in terms of their ability to slow oncoming sheet flow and reducethe concentration of sediment in the resulting runoff. The experiment tested four different covertypes: bare soil (control), weedy fallow, snake plant (Dracaena trifasciata) which is ecologicallyinvasive but considered native by some, and vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides) which is exoticecologically and culturally. The weedy fallow was the most effective buffer strip and was found tosignificantly slow the rate of sheet flow passing through the buffer strip, and reduce theconcentration of sediment in the runoff by an order of magnitude when compared to bare soil (1.3±0.5 g L-1 in bare soil runoff and 0.14 ±0.07 g L-1 in weedy fallow runoff). Vetiver grass and snakeplant did not perform as well as weedy fallow, and in some cases were not significantly differentfrom bare soil. While these cover types may have benefitted from longer establishment times, thereare costs associated with planting vetiver grass and snake plant on a large scale that make themless desirable management solutions when compared to existing practices of letting areas recruitwill fallow vegetation. This study found that the cultural practice of letting certain areas “go tobush” or recruit with fallow vegetation, is an effective and no-cost form of reef-safe landscaping thatcan be implemented widely in the USVI.
Review of Riparian Buffer Zone Effectiveness
Author: Stephanie Parkyn
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Buffer zones (Ecosystem management)
Languages : en
Pages : 42
Book Description
The purpose of this report is to review and summarise published research on the efficiency and management of riparian buffer zones (RBZ) with respect to the attenuation of sediment and nutrients, and biodiversity enhancement. While there have been numerous studies on the efficiency of RBZ with respect to sediment and nutrients, many of these studies have been small-scale and site-specific. Therefore, a review of these studies needs to consider an assessment of the catchment scale factors that influence the effectiveness of RBZ in attenuating catchment loads.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Buffer zones (Ecosystem management)
Languages : en
Pages : 42
Book Description
The purpose of this report is to review and summarise published research on the efficiency and management of riparian buffer zones (RBZ) with respect to the attenuation of sediment and nutrients, and biodiversity enhancement. While there have been numerous studies on the efficiency of RBZ with respect to sediment and nutrients, many of these studies have been small-scale and site-specific. Therefore, a review of these studies needs to consider an assessment of the catchment scale factors that influence the effectiveness of RBZ in attenuating catchment loads.
Effectiveness of Vegetation and Riparian Buffers in Reducing Sediment Transport
Author: Pieter J. B. Fransen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Logging
Languages : en
Pages : 31
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Logging
Languages : en
Pages : 31
Book Description
Protecting Stream and River Corridors
Author: Seth Wenger
Publisher: University of Georgia, Carl Vinson Institute of Government
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 82
Book Description
Publisher: University of Georgia, Carl Vinson Institute of Government
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 82
Book Description
Riparian Vegetation Effectiveness
Author: Andrew J. Castelle
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Best management practices (Pollution prevention)
Languages : en
Pages : 38
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Best management practices (Pollution prevention)
Languages : en
Pages : 38
Book Description
Effectiveness of a Multi-species Riparian Buffer System for Sediment and Nutrient Removal
Author: Kye-Han Lee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 278
Book Description
Under natural rainfall conditions, the 7.1 m wide warm-season grass (switchgrass) buffer removed 95% of sediment, 80% of total-N, 62% of NO3-N, 78% of total-P, and 58% of PO4-P in surface runoff. The 16.3 m wide warm-season grass/woody buffer removed 97% of sediment, 94% of total-N, 85% of NO3-N, 91% of total-P, and 80% of PO4-P in runoff. Clay and soluble nutrient reduction were related to the degree of runoff infiltration. Even though the warm-season grass buffer was effective at removing sediment and sediment-bound nutrients, the warm-season grass/woody buffer increased the removal efficiency of soluble nutrients by over 20%. The combination of dense, stiff, warm-season grasses, and woody vegetation in a riparian buffer system improves the removal of NPS pollutants from agricultural runoff. These results can be used to improve the design of riparian buffers for improved water quality in agricultural areas.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 278
Book Description
Under natural rainfall conditions, the 7.1 m wide warm-season grass (switchgrass) buffer removed 95% of sediment, 80% of total-N, 62% of NO3-N, 78% of total-P, and 58% of PO4-P in surface runoff. The 16.3 m wide warm-season grass/woody buffer removed 97% of sediment, 94% of total-N, 85% of NO3-N, 91% of total-P, and 80% of PO4-P in runoff. Clay and soluble nutrient reduction were related to the degree of runoff infiltration. Even though the warm-season grass buffer was effective at removing sediment and sediment-bound nutrients, the warm-season grass/woody buffer increased the removal efficiency of soluble nutrients by over 20%. The combination of dense, stiff, warm-season grasses, and woody vegetation in a riparian buffer system improves the removal of NPS pollutants from agricultural runoff. These results can be used to improve the design of riparian buffers for improved water quality in agricultural areas.
An Evaluation of the Functions and Effectiveness of Urban Riparian Forest Buffers
Author: Outen
Publisher: International Water Assn
ISBN: 9781843397014
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 276
Book Description
This project was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of urban riparian forest buffers for a number of potential functions. States and local jurisdictions are increasingly requiring riparian buffers during the development of land for urban uses. At the same time these same jurisdictions must meet the requirements of Total Maximum Daily Loads for pollutant reduction, NPDES-Municipal Stormwater Discharge Permits, and other environmental programs, such as, the Chesapeake Bay Program that require not only pollutant load reductions, but also habitat improvements. This research provides needed information urban riparian forest buffers through a field research design that incorporated a contrast between three sites with a high degree of forested riparian buffer with three sites that had a low amount of forested buffer. The research included, hydrologic measurements, pollutant concentration and load measurements, temperature recordation, buffer floristic analysis, and stream benthic community analysis. This study demonstrates the value of urban riparian forest buffers as a Best Management Practice and provides a model ordinance for use in the development of local jurisdiction stream buffer requirements. This report is available as a pay-per-view item only.
Publisher: International Water Assn
ISBN: 9781843397014
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 276
Book Description
This project was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of urban riparian forest buffers for a number of potential functions. States and local jurisdictions are increasingly requiring riparian buffers during the development of land for urban uses. At the same time these same jurisdictions must meet the requirements of Total Maximum Daily Loads for pollutant reduction, NPDES-Municipal Stormwater Discharge Permits, and other environmental programs, such as, the Chesapeake Bay Program that require not only pollutant load reductions, but also habitat improvements. This research provides needed information urban riparian forest buffers through a field research design that incorporated a contrast between three sites with a high degree of forested riparian buffer with three sites that had a low amount of forested buffer. The research included, hydrologic measurements, pollutant concentration and load measurements, temperature recordation, buffer floristic analysis, and stream benthic community analysis. This study demonstrates the value of urban riparian forest buffers as a Best Management Practice and provides a model ordinance for use in the development of local jurisdiction stream buffer requirements. This report is available as a pay-per-view item only.
Effectiveness of Vegetative Buffer Strips in Reducing Herbicide Transport with Surface Runoff Under Simulated Rainfall
Author: Akhilesh Kumar Misra
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 304
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 304
Book Description
Vegetative Buffer Strips in a Mediterranean Climate
Author: Felicia A. Rein
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 438
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 438
Book Description