The Effect of Top-down Compensation on Speech Perception Using Simulated Cochlear Implant Processing and Post-lingual Cochlear Implant Users PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download The Effect of Top-down Compensation on Speech Perception Using Simulated Cochlear Implant Processing and Post-lingual Cochlear Implant Users PDF full book. Access full book title The Effect of Top-down Compensation on Speech Perception Using Simulated Cochlear Implant Processing and Post-lingual Cochlear Implant Users by Chhayakanta Patro. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Chhayakanta Patro Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
In suboptimal listening environments when noise hinders the continuity of the speech, the normal auditory-cognitive system perceptually integrates available speech information and & ldquo;fills in & rdquo; missing information with help from higher level feedback mechanisms. However, individuals with cochlear implants (CIs) find it difficult and effortful to understand interrupted speech compared to their normal hearing (NH) counterparts. Little is known about CI listeners & rsquo; ability to restore missing speech when they are exposed to challenging listening environments. In this dissertation, three experimental paradigms were used to evaluate listeners & rsquo; ability to utilize their acquired linguistic skills in normal hearing individuals using simulated cochlear implant processing and in individuals with cochlear implants. In the first experiment, listeners & rsquo; abilities to use semantic context when speech was intact or interrupted was evaluated under various spectral resolution conditions. The results suggested that higher level processing facilitates speech perception up to a point but it fails to facilitate speech understanding when speech signals are significantly degraded. In the second experiment, high level processing was investigated using the phonemic restoration effect where sentences were interrupted with and without filler noise at different interruption rates. Both groups failed to show top-down restoration, except the CI users showed some amount of higher level processing at the lowest interruption rate. In the third experiment, a gated word recognition task was used and listeners with CIs required comparatively more acoustic-phonetic information to recognize a word than the NH listeners. In the final experiment, when speech was presented in noise, both groups relied significantly on contextual cues to perceive the speech. Overall, the results from successive experiments indicated CI users rely heavily on contextual cues when they are available. However, when they listen to speech with severe degradations, they may not benefit from semantic context as the incoming speech does not provide enough information to trigger top-down processes. If the signal fidelity (spectral resolution) is improved, their benefit from higher level linguistic feedback processes can be maximized.
Author: Chhayakanta Patro Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
In suboptimal listening environments when noise hinders the continuity of the speech, the normal auditory-cognitive system perceptually integrates available speech information and & ldquo;fills in & rdquo; missing information with help from higher level feedback mechanisms. However, individuals with cochlear implants (CIs) find it difficult and effortful to understand interrupted speech compared to their normal hearing (NH) counterparts. Little is known about CI listeners & rsquo; ability to restore missing speech when they are exposed to challenging listening environments. In this dissertation, three experimental paradigms were used to evaluate listeners & rsquo; ability to utilize their acquired linguistic skills in normal hearing individuals using simulated cochlear implant processing and in individuals with cochlear implants. In the first experiment, listeners & rsquo; abilities to use semantic context when speech was intact or interrupted was evaluated under various spectral resolution conditions. The results suggested that higher level processing facilitates speech perception up to a point but it fails to facilitate speech understanding when speech signals are significantly degraded. In the second experiment, high level processing was investigated using the phonemic restoration effect where sentences were interrupted with and without filler noise at different interruption rates. Both groups failed to show top-down restoration, except the CI users showed some amount of higher level processing at the lowest interruption rate. In the third experiment, a gated word recognition task was used and listeners with CIs required comparatively more acoustic-phonetic information to recognize a word than the NH listeners. In the final experiment, when speech was presented in noise, both groups relied significantly on contextual cues to perceive the speech. Overall, the results from successive experiments indicated CI users rely heavily on contextual cues when they are available. However, when they listen to speech with severe degradations, they may not benefit from semantic context as the incoming speech does not provide enough information to trigger top-down processes. If the signal fidelity (spectral resolution) is improved, their benefit from higher level linguistic feedback processes can be maximized.
Author: Bennett L. Schwartz Publisher: SAGE Publications ISBN: 1544398956 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 583
Book Description
Rich in examples and applications to everyday life, Sensation and Perception, Third Edition is a cutting edge and highly readable account of modern sensation and perception from both a cognitive and neurocognitive perspective.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309092965 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 321
Book Description
Millions of Americans experience some degree of hearing loss. The Social Security Administration (SSA) operates programs that provide cash disability benefits to people with permanent impairments like hearing loss, if they can show that their impairments meet stringent SSA criteria and their earnings are below an SSA threshold. The National Research Council convened an expert committee at the request of the SSA to study the issues related to disability determination for people with hearing loss. This volume is the product of that study. Hearing Loss: Determining Eligibility for Social Security Benefits reviews current knowledge about hearing loss and its measurement and treatment, and provides an evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of the current processes and criteria. It recommends changes to strengthen the disability determination process and ensure its reliability and fairness. The book addresses criteria for selection of pure tone and speech tests, guidelines for test administration, testing of hearing in noise, special issues related to testing children, and the difficulty of predicting work capacity from clinical hearing test results. It should be useful to audiologists, otolaryngologists, disability advocates, and others who are concerned with people who have hearing loss.
Author: Kristi Ann Buckley Publisher: ISBN: Category : Cochlear implants Languages : en Pages : 210
Book Description
Duration of auditory deprivation is inversely related to speech perception performance after cochlear implantation in individuals with severe-to-profound sensorineural-hearing loss. In deaf adults, auditory areas in the right temporal lobe process peripheral visual motion stimuli. Remapping of auditory cortex to process visual stimuli may limit speech perception performance in individuals who experience prolonged periods of auditory deprivation prior to receiving a cochlear implant. We suggest the development of cross-modal plasticity during prolonged periods of auditory deprivation plays a role in limiting the brain's ability to process speech, once the sensation of hearing is restored through a cochlear implant. This study examines the relationship between the development of visual/auditory cross-modal plasticity and speech perception with a cochlear implant. We assess cross-modal plasticity through the amplitude of visual cortical evoked potential in response to peripheral visual motion, measured over the right temporal lobe. Speech perception ability is measured as percent-correct words and sentences in quiet and noise. Results indicate speech perception scores decline significantly as the amplitude of the cortical evoked response to peripheral visual motion increases for pre-lingually deaf cochlear implant users. No relationship between speech perception scores and the amplitude of the cortical response to peripheral visual motion is found in post-lingually deaf cochlear implant users. Further, no relationship between cross-modal plasticity and the duration of auditory deprivation is observed. Results indicate that cross-modal plasticity negatively influences speech perception ability with a cochlear implant for pre-lingually deaf individuals and that the time during development that auditory deprivation takes place is more important than the duration of auditory deprivation.
Author: Pim van Dijk Publisher: Springer ISBN: 331925474X Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 487
Book Description
The International Symposium on Hearing is a prestigious, triennial gathering where world-class scientists present and discuss the most recent advances in the field of human and animal hearing research. The 2015 edition will particularly focus on integrative approaches linking physiological, psychophysical and cognitive aspects of normal and impaired hearing. Like previous editions, the proceedings will contain about 50 chapters ranging from basic to applied research, and of interest to neuroscientists, psychologists, audiologists, engineers, otolaryngologists, and artificial intelligence researchers.
Author: Joanna Hart Lowenstein Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1135922349 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 161
Book Description
This book explores the interface between speech perception and production through a longitudinal acoustic analysis of the speech of postlingually deaf adults with cochlear implants (electrode and computer prostheses for the inner ear in cases of nerve deafness). The methodology is based on the work of Joseph Perkell at MIT, replicating and extending analysis to subjects with modern digital cochlear implants and processor technology. Lowenstein also examines how cochlear implants are portrayed in dramatic and documentary television programs, the scientific accuracy of those portrayals, and what expectations might be taken away by viewers, particularly given modern society's view that technology can overcome the frailties of the human body.
Author: Sujin Shin Publisher: ISBN: Category : Cochlear implants Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Children with cochlear implants (CIs) present with slower speech than their typical hearing (TH) peers. The slowed speaking rate of children with CIs has received recent attention due to the relation of speaking rate with working memory and with speech intelligibility. However, the underlying causes for the slowed speech of CI recipients are not fully understood. In this thesis, three theoretical explanations are introduced to understand how degraded auditory input affects the timing of speech. First, children with CIs may have slowed speech due to an immature internal model caused by degraded auditory feedback and the lack of auditory input. Second, the speech of children with CIs may become slower because either all or a part of speech processing stages are slowed. Third, the slowed speech of children with CIs may be influenced by paralinguistic factors, such as the intention to speak more clearly. To explore the reasons for the slowed speech of CI recipients, three experiments were performed. A first experiment explored the effects of chronological factors (such as age of implant and duration of CI experience) and performance factors (such as language ability and speech perception) on the speaking rates of 75 children with CIs and 54 children with TH at four to eight years after implantation. Results showed that speaking rate was significantly slower in the CI group than the TH group, confirming previous reports. Maturation and the amount of the auditory input were important to speaking rate, supporting the immature internal model hypothesis. Out of performance factors, language ability was the best predictor of the speaking rate of children with CIs, suggesting that the speed and accuracy of linguistic processing may be a key to the slowed speech of children with CIs. A second experiment explored whether the slowed speaking rate of children with CIs results from impairments at particular linguistic levels (lexical, syntactic, phonetic/articulatory) of speech processing and whether the speaking rates at these levels are related to working memory. Results indicated that the speaking rates of participants with CIs showed the greatest reduction compared to their TH counterparts when engaged in syntactic level processing. Also, the speaking rates for the syntactic task showed the strongest relationship with children’s memory span, suggesting syntactic processing could be an important factor in the relation between speaking rate and memory. A third experiment investigated whether paralinguistic factors are involved in the slowed speech of children with CIs. Twelve teenagers with CIs and twelve counterparts with TH were asked to repeat short sentences “as fast as possible,” at their habitual speed, and “slowly and clearly.” Results showed that participants with CIs were able to increase their rate but their rate changes for the slow/clear condition was not statistically significant, suggesting that the slowed speech of participants with CIs may be due to strategic choice, rather than cognitive or physical limitations. Overall, the results of these three experiments suggest that the slowed speech of CI recipients are influenced by multiple factors, including maturation, CI experience, and linguistic and paralinguistic components. Implications for clinical practice are discussed.
Author: Fan-Gang Zeng Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1441994343 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 397
Book Description
Cochlear implants are currently the standard treatment for profound sensorineural hearing loss. In the last decade, advances in auditory science and technology have not only greatly expanded the utility of electric stimulation to other parts of the auditory nervous system in addition to the cochlea, but have also demonstrated drastic changes in the brain in responses to electric stimulation, including changes in language development and music perception. Volume 20 of SHAR focused on basic science and technology underlying the cochlear implant. However, due to the newness of the ideas and technology, the volume did not cover any emerging applications such as bilateral cochlear implants, combined acoustic-electric stimulation, and other types of auditory prostheses, nor did it review brain plasticity in responses to electric stimulation and its perceptual and language consequences. This proposed volume takes off from Volume 20, and expands the examination of implants into new and highly exciting areas. This edited book starts with an overview and introduction by Dr. Fan-Gang Zeng. Chapters 2-9 cover technological development and the advances in treating the full spectrum of ear disorders in the last ten years. Chapters 10-15 discuss brain responses to electric stimulation and their perceptual impact. This volume is particularly exciting because there have been quantum leap from the traditional technology discussed in Volume 20. Thus, this volume is timely and will be of real importance to the SHAR audience.
Author: Chhayakanta Patro
Author: Chhayakanta Patro
Author: Bennett L. Schwartz
Author: Pranesh Bhargava
Author: National Research Council
Author: Kristi Ann Buckley
Author: Karl S. Pearsons
Author: Pim van Dijk
Author: Joanna Hart Lowenstein
Author: Sujin Shin
Author: Fan-Gang Zeng