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Author: Publisher: ISBN: 9781895102598 Category : Languages : en Pages : 9
Book Description
This paper evaluates the theoretical benefits of take-a-lane high occupancy vehicle (HOV) facilities in cities throughout the United States on auto occupancy rates, and thereby corresponding vehicle emissions, before and after the implementation of the HOV lanes. It is noted that other research suggests that new HOV lanes (not take-a-lane HOV lanes) increases single occupancy vehicles (SOV) and vehicle-miles-of-travel (VMT). This paper also addresses the probable impact of the extensive use of HOV lanes on the MIlwaukee area freeways in increasing the auto occupancy rate, decreasing city wide VMT and thereby decreasing emissions. Conclusions drawn from the paper and suggestions for further study are also presented. For the covering abstract of this conference, see IRRD number 863140.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: 9781895102598 Category : Languages : en Pages : 9
Book Description
This paper evaluates the theoretical benefits of take-a-lane high occupancy vehicle (HOV) facilities in cities throughout the United States on auto occupancy rates, and thereby corresponding vehicle emissions, before and after the implementation of the HOV lanes. It is noted that other research suggests that new HOV lanes (not take-a-lane HOV lanes) increases single occupancy vehicles (SOV) and vehicle-miles-of-travel (VMT). This paper also addresses the probable impact of the extensive use of HOV lanes on the MIlwaukee area freeways in increasing the auto occupancy rate, decreasing city wide VMT and thereby decreasing emissions. Conclusions drawn from the paper and suggestions for further study are also presented. For the covering abstract of this conference, see IRRD number 863140.
Author: John G. Schoon Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461540763 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 205
Book Description
The many aspects of urban transportation planning and design demand a multi faceted approach to ensure responsive, economical, and environmentally sensi tive facilities that enhance mobility. Yet all too easily the complexity of the process can obscure the major elements. This book aims at assisting the analyst to provide decision makers with a range of solutions by illustrating how service policies regarding quality of service, fares, investment levels, and environmental impacts affect and are affected by each other. This book, therefore, concentrates on the process of planning and design. It addresses the major elements of urban transportation planning, design, and impact estimation, and offers practice in undertaking typical projects. It focuses on the linkages and interaction with public policy regarding user service levels, and the resulting design and impacts. The process is illustrated by (1) outlining the individual transportation analysis and design techniques and their linkages, (2) describing the planning and design process, from population changes affect ing demand and mobility needs to estimation of air pollution and energy use impacts that are instrumental in shaping public policy and strategic planning, (3) presenting examples of transportation design projects showing how service policy may affect the physical and operational design of multimodal, urban trans portation systems, (4) enabling the readers to obtain practice in basic, applied transportation analysis, design, and impact estimation by defining the key service policy variables of projects for solution, and (5) familiarizing the reader with
Author: Weihua Zhao Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
High-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes have been promoted to encourage carpools, reduce traffic congestion, and improve air quality. At the partial equilibrium level, commuting with three workers per automobile clearly reduces highway congestion, lowers carbon emissions, and saves energy compared to three single drivers. This paper develops a numerical urban simulation model to generate the general equilibrium effects of HOV lanes on urban spatial structure, energy use, and greenhouse gas emissions. The major findings are that while HOV lanes reduce traffic congestion and improve welfare, the fall in transportation cost leads to urban sprawl, which results in higher dwelling energy use and a larger carbon footprint. Overall, the HOV lane policy has little effect on total energy consumption and carbon emissions. This is another classic case of general equilibrium effects reversing the partial equilibrium effects of an urban policy. In contrast, a gasoline tax policy leads less urban sprawl but is less effective at lowering energy consumption and carbon emissions. Imposing congestion tolls is a more effective tool at reducing traffic congestion, saving energy, and lowering carbon emissions.
Author: Weihua Zhao Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
High-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes have been promoted to encourage carpools, reduce traffic congestion, and improve air quality. At the partial equilibrium level, commuting with three workers per automobile clearly reduces highway congestion, lowers carbon emissions, and saves energy compared with three single drivers. This paper develops a numerical urban simulation model to generate the general equilibrium effects of HOV lanes on urban spatial structure, energy use, and greenhouse gas emissions. The major findings are that while HOV lanes reduce traffic congestion and improve welfare, the fall in transportation cost leads to urban sprawl, which results in higher dwelling energy use and a larger carbon footprint. Overall, the HOV lane policy has little effect on total energy consumption and carbon emissions. This is another classic case of general equilibrium effects reversing the partial equilibrium effects of an urban policy. In contrast, a gasoline tax policy leads to less urban sprawl but is less effective at lowering energy consumption and carbon emissions. Imposing congestion tolls is a more effective tool at reducing traffic congestion, saving energy, and lowering carbon emissions.
Author: Transportation Research Board Publisher: Transportation Research Board ISBN: 0309118360 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 185
Book Description
"The third edition Traveler Response to Transportation System Changes Handbook provides comprehensive information on travel demand effects of alternative urban transportation policies, operating approaches and systems, and built environment options, by building upon, expanding, and selectively replacing the earlier editions to provide a contemporary assessment of the experience and insights gained from the application and analysis of various system changes and alternatives. The focus is on aiding transportation, transit, and land use planners in their conduct of travel demand and related analyses, and to inform elected officials, administrators, operators, designers, and the general public as well. The Traveler Response to Transportation System Changes Handbook consists of the Chapter 1 introductory materials and 15 stand-alone published topic area chapters. Each topic area chapter provides traveler response findings including supportive information and interpretation, and also includes case studies and a bibliography consisting of the references utilized as sources. Please note that Chapters 4, 7, and 8 have been deferred for a future TCRP project effort. The Handbook findings derive primarily from reported results and analyses of real-world transportation system and policy applications and trials. Experimental or quasi-experimental empirical data have been the information source of choice. Other empirical data derivations and simple accounts of outcomes have been employed as necessary. Forecasts and other estimates derived from travel demand model applications and similar techniques have been used, but on a very selective basis; mostly for augmenting the empirical data where gaps exist, and for providing additional insights and context. TCRP Report 95: Traveler Response to Transportation System Changes Handbook will be of interest to transit, transportation, and land use planning practitioners; transportation engineers; land developers, employers, and school administrators; researchers and educators; and professionals across a broad spectrum of transportation and planning; metropolitan planning organizations; and local, state, and federal government agencies."--taken from publisher web site.
Author: Reid H. Ewing Publisher: Urban Land Institute ISBN: Category : Architecture Languages : en Pages : 186
Book Description
Based on a comprehensive study review by leading urban planning researchers, this investigative document demonstrates how urban development is both a key contributor to climate change and an essential factor in combating it -- by reducing vehicle greenhouse gas emissions.
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Author: John G. Schoon
Author: Weihua Zhao
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Author: Katherine F. Turnbull
Author: Weihua Zhao
Author: Charles A. Fuhs
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Author: Transportation Research Board
Author: Reid H. Ewing