The Effect Of Elevated Carbon Dioxide On Leaf-Level Physiology In A Mature Temperate Woodland PDF Download
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Author: Jerry Pritchard Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) is the main greenhouse gas driving change in the Earthu2019s climate. Rising CO2 is expected to stimulate photosynthesis, but limited studies have been conducted on mature or temperate forests. It is uncertain how mature temperate forest ecosystems may respond to the future CO2 emissions and what interacting environmental factors may influence this.This experiment has been conducted at the Birmingham Institute of Forest Research Free Air Carbon Enrichment Experiment (BIFoR-FACE). BIFoR-FACE is set in a mature oak (Quercus robur. L) woodland and provides additional CO2, to 30m diameter experimental plots, to simulate the future atmospheric conditions in 50 yearsu2019 time (+150ppm). Instantaneous gas exchange measurements have been conducted in the second year of CO2 fumigation (2018) in the upper canopy of Q.robur trees, from bud burst (June) to leaf fall (October). This study used a paired plot design (n=3) of elevated CO2 (eCO2)(550ppm) and ambient control plots (aCO2 )(400ppm). Measurements were taken using a Li-6800 portable photosynthesis machine (LICOR) to calculate leaf-level rates of photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (gsw) and intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) across the growing season. The results suggest an average of +24% increase in photosynthesis, seasonally variable decrease in gsw and increase in iWUE under eCO2 conditions. The effect of eCO2 varied depending on the prevailing seasonal and diurnal fluctuations in environmental variables, such as light and water availability. This data will help understand, and contribute, to the accurate modelling of canopy physiological responses to eCO2 for mature temperate forest ecosystems.
Author: Jerry Pritchard Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) is the main greenhouse gas driving change in the Earthu2019s climate. Rising CO2 is expected to stimulate photosynthesis, but limited studies have been conducted on mature or temperate forests. It is uncertain how mature temperate forest ecosystems may respond to the future CO2 emissions and what interacting environmental factors may influence this.This experiment has been conducted at the Birmingham Institute of Forest Research Free Air Carbon Enrichment Experiment (BIFoR-FACE). BIFoR-FACE is set in a mature oak (Quercus robur. L) woodland and provides additional CO2, to 30m diameter experimental plots, to simulate the future atmospheric conditions in 50 yearsu2019 time (+150ppm). Instantaneous gas exchange measurements have been conducted in the second year of CO2 fumigation (2018) in the upper canopy of Q.robur trees, from bud burst (June) to leaf fall (October). This study used a paired plot design (n=3) of elevated CO2 (eCO2)(550ppm) and ambient control plots (aCO2 )(400ppm). Measurements were taken using a Li-6800 portable photosynthesis machine (LICOR) to calculate leaf-level rates of photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (gsw) and intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) across the growing season. The results suggest an average of +24% increase in photosynthesis, seasonally variable decrease in gsw and increase in iWUE under eCO2 conditions. The effect of eCO2 varied depending on the prevailing seasonal and diurnal fluctuations in environmental variables, such as light and water availability. This data will help understand, and contribute, to the accurate modelling of canopy physiological responses to eCO2 for mature temperate forest ecosystems.
Author: Luo Yiqi Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080500714 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 434
Book Description
This book focuses on the interactive effects of environmental stresses with plant and ecosystem functions, especially with respect to changes in the abundance of carbon dioxide. The interaction of stresses with elevated carbon dioxide are presented from the cellular through whole plant ecosystem level. The book carefully considers not only the responses of the above-ground portion of the plant, but also emphasizes the critical role of below-ground (rhizosphere) components (e.g., roots, microbes, soil) in determining the nature and magnitude of these interactions.* Will rising CO2 alter the importance of environmental stress in natural and agricultural ecosystems?* Will environmental stress on plants reduce their capacity to remove CO2 from the atmosphere?* Are some stresses more important than others as we concern ourselves with global change?* Can we develop predictive models useful for scientists and policy-makers?* Where should future research efforts be focused?
Author: Dieter Overdieck Publisher: Springer ISBN: 981101860X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 247
Book Description
This comprehensive book discusses the ecophysiological features of trees affected by the two most prominent factors of climate change: atmospheric CO2 concentration and temperature. It starts with the introduction of experimental methods at the leaf, branch, the whole-tree, and tree group scales, and in the following chapters elaborates on specific topics including photosynthesis of leaves, respiration of plant organs, water use efficiency, the production of and/or distribution patterns of carbohydrates, secondary metabolites, and nutrients, anatomy of cells and tissues, height and stem-diameter growth, biomass accumulation, leaf phenology and longevity, and model ecosystems (soil-litter-plant enclosures). The current knowledge is neatly summarized, and the author presents valuable data derived from his 30 years of experimental research, some of which is published here for the first time. Using numerous examples the book answers the fundamental questions such as: What are the interactions of elevated CO2 concentration and temperature on tree growth and matter partitioning? How do different tree groups react? Are there any effects on organisms living together with trees? What kinds of models can be used to interpret the results from experiments on trees? This volume is highly recommended for researchers, postdocs, and graduate students in the relevant fields. It is also a valuable resource for undergraduate students, decision-makers in the fields of forest management and environmental protection, and any other scientists who are interested in the effect of global change on ecosystems.
Author: Publisher: CABI ISBN: 9780851997162 Category : Atmospheric carbon dioxide Languages : en Pages : 376
Book Description
This book provides a review, written by international forest scientists, of what is known about the impact of elevated CO2 and other greenhouse gases, on forest ecosystems.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309046777 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 359
Book Description
The question of whether the earth's climate is changing in some significant human-induced way remains a matter of much debate. But the fact that climate is variable over time is well known. These two elements of climatic uncertainty affect water resources planning and management in the American West. Managing Water Resources in the West Under Conditions of Climate Uncertainty examines the scientific basis for predictions of climate change, the implications of climate uncertainty for water resources management, and the management options available for responding to climate variability and potential climate change.
Author: John E. Drake Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Anthropogenic emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases have lead to a current atmospheric CO2 concentration that is unprecedented in the recent geological history of the earth. Nearly half of anthropogenic CO2 emissions have been sequestered in the terrestrial biosphere and oceans, slowing the climate change associated with this greenhouse gas. However, the future of this uptake is uncertain. One large sink for atmospheric CO2, the growth of young temperate forests, may decline as these forests mature and undergo successional change in community composition and an expected decline in Net Primary Production (NPP) with increasing age. To examine the effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations on ecosystem C loss via autotrophic respiration (Ra), I measured rates of fine root respiration at the Duke Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiment, the longest running ecosystem level CO2 experiment in a forest. Fine roots were investigated because their respiration was known to comprise a large but poorly quantified portion of total Ra. Growth under elevated CO2 increased C release from fine root respiration because of higher amounts of fine root biomass; thus, some of the extra C fixed because of increased photosynthesis under elevated CO2 was immediately respired and not sequestered by the ecosystem. I also investigated C storage more broadly by synthesizing twelve years of research on belowground C and N cycling at Duke FACE in an attempt to mechanistically explain two phenomena: (1) there has been no increase in soil C despite 12 years of increased C inputs to soils under elevated CO2, and (2) the trees have increased soil N acquisition under elevated CO2 and maintained the positive CO2-induced growth response over a long time period (>10 years). The enhanced rates of NPP under elevated CO2 increased the flux of C belowground, accelerated the rate of soil organic matter decomposition and increased nitrogen uptake from the soil through a priming mechanism. As a consequence of accelerated rates of soil organic matter decomposition, the aboveground C sink in biomass was maintained, but no additional C was stored in the soil, the longest lived pool of C in aggrading forests. The lack of C buildup in soils makes long-term mitigation of anthropogenic CO2 emissions through sequestration by temperate forest ecosystems less likely, although C storage in biomass contributes to a decadal-scale C sink. In an attempt to understand how NPP and C storage varies at longer timescales in this forest type, I established a chronosequence of 12 forest stands ranging from 15 to 115 years old. These stands spanned the predictable and expected pattern of secondary succession in this region, where early-successional loblolly pines (Pinus taeda) were replaced by shade tolerant hardwoods such as oaks (Quercus spp.), hickories (Cayra spp.), and a suite of other species. NPP declined strongly with increasing age, from ~1000 gC m-2 y-1 at 15 years of age to a stable value of ~600 gC m-2 y-1 at >50 years of age. This decline was driven exclusively by an 80% decline in pine wood production, and partially alleviated by increasing production by mid-successional hardwoods. The decline in pine production was driven by a decline in Gross Primary Production (GPP), not by increasing Ra as was previously thought. The decline in GPP was consistent with increasing hydraulic limitation of leaf-level photosynthetic rates, but not consistent with increasing nitrogen limitation to photosynthetic capacity. Thus, I conclude that old, tall pine trees reduce stomatal conductance more frequently than shorter, young pine trees, which reduces leaf-level photosynthetic rates, GPP, and thus NPP. This suggests that NPP in old forests will be more strongly stimulated through a CO2-induced increase in GPP rather than the presumed decrease in NPP that would result from warming-induced increases in Ra.
Author: Jerry Pritchard
Author: Jerry Pritchard
Author: Luo Yiqi
Author: Boyd Ray Strain
Author: Dieter Overdieck
Author: Boyd R. Strain
Author: Carol A. Singer
Author: Susan Whitmore
Author: 
Author: National Research Council
Author: John E. Drake