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Author: Pier Paolo Patrucco Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1136755209 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 305
Book Description
Contemporary capitalistic systems have been undergoing profound transformations determined by the transition towards the so-called knowledge based economy, i.e. a competitive system based on the capabilities firms have to create, use and circulate knowledge. These transformations concern both the characteristics of productive and innovative processes, and the resources used in these activities. This book captures these changes, where traditional R&D investments undertaken internally by firms are increasingly and strategically complemented by external sources of innovation and new knowledge. Collaborations between firms, and between firms and other organizations, as well as the mobility of human capital, are strategic processes in order to share and circulate knowledge and competencies. They are also key determinants in the creation of new knowledge and innovation, and ultimately in growth dynamics. The circulation and distribution of knowledge is now a key input in the production of knowledge. Knowledge and innovation are understood as the result of collective and interactive processes at the system level, and less at the micro level. In other words, new knowledge production is less and less the result of individualistic behaviours of the firms and much more the effect of explicit and pro-active interactions and transactions put in place by local networks of innovators. In this perspective, economic space is much more defined by the quality of the interactions among actors rather than by their mere technological, sectoral or geographical proximity. This book brings together new conceptual and empirical contributions and blends the analysis of the technological and geographical spaces in which innovation and knowledge are produced.
Author: Pier Paolo Patrucco Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1136755209 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 305
Book Description
Contemporary capitalistic systems have been undergoing profound transformations determined by the transition towards the so-called knowledge based economy, i.e. a competitive system based on the capabilities firms have to create, use and circulate knowledge. These transformations concern both the characteristics of productive and innovative processes, and the resources used in these activities. This book captures these changes, where traditional R&D investments undertaken internally by firms are increasingly and strategically complemented by external sources of innovation and new knowledge. Collaborations between firms, and between firms and other organizations, as well as the mobility of human capital, are strategic processes in order to share and circulate knowledge and competencies. They are also key determinants in the creation of new knowledge and innovation, and ultimately in growth dynamics. The circulation and distribution of knowledge is now a key input in the production of knowledge. Knowledge and innovation are understood as the result of collective and interactive processes at the system level, and less at the micro level. In other words, new knowledge production is less and less the result of individualistic behaviours of the firms and much more the effect of explicit and pro-active interactions and transactions put in place by local networks of innovators. In this perspective, economic space is much more defined by the quality of the interactions among actors rather than by their mere technological, sectoral or geographical proximity. This book brings together new conceptual and empirical contributions and blends the analysis of the technological and geographical spaces in which innovation and knowledge are produced.
Author: Jibendu Kumar Mantri Publisher: Universal-Publishers ISBN: 1599429500 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 379
Book Description
Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) represents a milestone in the progression of a continuously advancing methodology for data analysis, which finds extensive use in industry, society and even in education. This book is a handy encyclopedia for researchers, students and practitioners looking for the latest and most comprehensive references in DEA. J.K. Mantri has specifically selected 22 research papers where DEA is applied in different fields so that the techniques discussed in this book can be used for various applications. In A Bibliography of Data Envelopment Analysis (1978-2001), Gabriel Tavares states that DEA is a mathematical programme for measuring performance efficiency of organizations popularly named as decision-making units (DMU). The DMU can be of any kind such as manufacturing units, a number of schools, banks, hospitals, police stations, firms, etc. DEA measures the performance efficiency of these kinds of DMUs, which share a common characteristic: they have a non-profit organization where measurement is difficult. DEA assumes the performance of the DMU using the concepts of efficiency and productivity, which are measured as the ratio of total outputs to total inputs. The efficiencies estimated are relative to the best performing DMU, which is given a score of 100%. The performance of other DMUs varies between 0% and 100%.
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship Publisher: ISBN: Category : Business enterprises Languages : en Pages : 308
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Transportation and Infrastructure Publisher: ISBN: Category : Economic development Languages : en Pages : 100
Author: Szopa, Anna Publisher: IGI Global ISBN: 1466684887 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 338
Book Description
In recent years, the pace of technological growth—from the very first stages of research and development to full-scale industrial implementation—has quickened at an exponential rate. To better keep pace with rapidly-changing market demands, the gap between university research incubators and public-sector start-up companies has undergone a marked contraction. Competitive Strategies for Academic Entrepreneurship: Commercialization of Research-Based Products seeks to fill the gap in research between universities and the public, and offers cutting-edge insight into the current state of the field. Charting a course that moves from discussions of academic resistance and implications for knowledge-transfer theory to current case-studies of academic/industrial launch-pads like COTEC’s Technology Commercialization Accelerator and the Maryland Industrial Partnerships program, this publication targets an audience of academicians, administrators, researchers, entrepreneurs, and established professionals, and seeks to provide insight into the mechanisms by which the research of today becomes the household names of tomorrow.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Highway planning Languages : en Pages : 60
Book Description
This report summarizes the methods and findings of a new study of the economic effects of investing in Maryland's highway system, prepared for the Maryland State Highway Administration (SHA) by RESI of Towson University. This report also measures some benefits to Virginia, West Virginia, Washington, D.C., Pennsylvania, Delaware, and New Jersey; while earlier years enter into the analysis, the period 1991 to 1996 encompasses the study's central data. This study considers two roles of highway spending in the state's economic life. First, it measures the extent of that spending's influence on concurrent economic activity -- the output and employment supported by the highway system via its demand for the labor, goods, and services of Maryland workers and firms. Second, it identifies long-run productivity effect and its role in economic growth. Cost functions estimated for nine major industries give the cost savings associated with highway investments.
Author: Virgil Ball Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1441963855 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 344
Book Description
Despite a gradual and sustained decline in the contribution of agriculture to the economies of the member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the sector remains socially and politically important. Although agriculture accounts for less than 2% of the gross domestic product of the OECD countries, it occupies over 35% of their total land area. Predominantly rural regions, where agriculture remains particularly important, contain almost one quarter of the population of OECD countries. The past quarter century has witnessed signi?cant changes in agricultural po- cies in OECD countries. Although total support remains high, a shift has taken place from price-linked measures to direct income support, most notably in the European Union. Policies have been adapted to meet pressing social concerns, such as ens- ing food security and improving environmental quality. OECD countries face major economic issues due to the ageing of their populations and the need to adapt to gl- alization and increasing competition from emerging economies. Continued pressure to reform agricultural policies will be exerted by the need to economize on the use of scarce public resources. At the same time, agriculture faces new challenges g- erated by climate change, the “greening” of the economy, increasing scarcity of energy and water, and the demands placed on the food system by an expanding world population.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309141869 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 130
Book Description
In 1998, the National Science Foundation (NSF) launched a program of Grants for Vertical Integration of Research and Education in the Mathematical Sciences (VIGRE). These grants were designed for institutions with PhD-granting departments in the mathematical sciences, for the purpose of developing high-quality education programs, at all levels, that are vertically integrated with the research activities of these departments. To date, more than 50 departments at 40 institutions have received VIGRE awards. As requested by NSF, the present volume reviews the goals of the VIGRE program and evaluates how well the program is designed to address those goals. The book considers past and current practices for assessing the VIGRE program; draws tentative conclusions about the program's achievements based on the data collected to date; and evaluates NSF's plans for future data-driven assessments. In addition, critical policy and programmatic changes for the program are identified, with recommendations for how to address these changes.
Author: Darrell R. Lewis Publisher: ISBN: Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 272
Book Description
The Public Research University was written to help frame and stimulate debate on issues surrounding the changes underway within America's public research universities. There is currently a general consensus that most of postsecondary higher education in the United States is under financial stress. Declining public support for public subsidies to higher education and increasing public demand for other forms of public services have contributed to this stress. These declines in resources have resulted in pressures for change in both policies and services. Nowhere have these stresses been stronger than in the public research university. The focus of this study is based on the University of Minnesota, but they are clearly generalizable to most other public research universities.
Author: Pier Paolo Patrucco
Author: Pier Paolo Patrucco
Author: Jibendu Kumar Mantri
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Transportation and Infrastructure
Author: Szopa, Anna
Author: 
Author: 
Author: Virgil Ball
Author: National Research Council
Author: Darrell R. Lewis