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Author: David Sutherland Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 9780521412216 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 248
Book Description
This important monograph summarizes a comprehensive study on the maturation of walking in normal children. Research, undertaken at one of the world's leading gait analysis centers, involved over 400 studies on a total of nearly 300 children in ten age-groups from one to seven years. Data are presented on anthropometric measurements; tests of developmental progress; time/distance parameters such as stride length and walking velocity; twelve joint angles on each side measured throughout the gait cycle; dynamic electromyography of phasic activity in seven lower-extremity muscle groups; and force measurements including vertical force, fore/aft shear, medial/lateral shear and torque. At each age, composite joint-angle graphs and time/distance parameters are brought together with film tracings of a representative child in that age group. In addition, advanced methods of statistical analysis have been applied to the joint-angle data to define prediction regions within which ninety-five percent of normal children should lie throughout the gait cycle. Finally, a "decision tree" is presented from which a fitted age can be inferred for a subject based on non-age-specific data gathered in a motion analysis lab. Practical applications are demonstrated in a chapter devoted to two case studies.
Author: David Sutherland Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 9780521412216 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 248
Book Description
This important monograph summarizes a comprehensive study on the maturation of walking in normal children. Research, undertaken at one of the world's leading gait analysis centers, involved over 400 studies on a total of nearly 300 children in ten age-groups from one to seven years. Data are presented on anthropometric measurements; tests of developmental progress; time/distance parameters such as stride length and walking velocity; twelve joint angles on each side measured throughout the gait cycle; dynamic electromyography of phasic activity in seven lower-extremity muscle groups; and force measurements including vertical force, fore/aft shear, medial/lateral shear and torque. At each age, composite joint-angle graphs and time/distance parameters are brought together with film tracings of a representative child in that age group. In addition, advanced methods of statistical analysis have been applied to the joint-angle data to define prediction regions within which ninety-five percent of normal children should lie throughout the gait cycle. Finally, a "decision tree" is presented from which a fitted age can be inferred for a subject based on non-age-specific data gathered in a motion analysis lab. Practical applications are demonstrated in a chapter devoted to two case studies.
Author: 岡本勉 Publisher: Walking Development Group ISBN: 9784902473056 Category : Child development Languages : en Pages : 152
Book Description
This book gathers together the author's results and studies of last 40 years, in the hope that this rare electromyographical data concerning gait development will contribute to the further development of this field.
Author: Andrew T. J. Lowry Publisher: ISBN: Category : Gait in humans Languages : en Pages : 107
Book Description
Typically developed adult gait is well understood, however, the development of infant walking from ~1 year to 2 years old has been less investigated. This lack of research is in part due to infant gait being more challenging from the nature of a child’s anatomy (anthropometrics), stride length (typical force plates are designed for adult step lengths), and cooperation (children require more attention and direction) during motion analysis. This thesis aimed to establish a set of protocols for capturing typically developed infant gait and to model the biomechanics of an infant at first onset of walking and 1-year follow-on. The main outcomes regarding protocols were that: (i) standard embedded force plates are not suitable for infants due to the large plate separation and the small step-length of infants; however, split-belt force plates circumvent this problem but are still challenging due to the need to keep each foot on a separate belt; (ii) Standard markers are generally distracting to infants and often get removed, which may be addressed using removable bands with stitched markers; (iii) Parental involvement during the gait collection is key to a successful experiment and researchers should incorporate this into their design. The main research outcomes regarding infant gait were that infants slowly progressed towards mature features of walking. Specifically, the plantar flexion and dorsiflexion develop rapidly during the first year of walking.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309324882 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 587
Book Description
Children are already learning at birth, and they develop and learn at a rapid pace in their early years. This provides a critical foundation for lifelong progress, and the adults who provide for the care and the education of young children bear a great responsibility for their health, development, and learning. Despite the fact that they share the same objective - to nurture young children and secure their future success - the various practitioners who contribute to the care and the education of children from birth through age 8 are not acknowledged as a workforce unified by the common knowledge and competencies needed to do their jobs well. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 explores the science of child development, particularly looking at implications for the professionals who work with children. This report examines the current capacities and practices of the workforce, the settings in which they work, the policies and infrastructure that set qualifications and provide professional learning, and the government agencies and other funders who support and oversee these systems. This book then makes recommendations to improve the quality of professional practice and the practice environment for care and education professionals. These detailed recommendations create a blueprint for action that builds on a unifying foundation of child development and early learning, shared knowledge and competencies for care and education professionals, and principles for effective professional learning. Young children thrive and learn best when they have secure, positive relationships with adults who are knowledgeable about how to support their development and learning and are responsive to their individual progress. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 offers guidance on system changes to improve the quality of professional practice, specific actions to improve professional learning systems and workforce development, and research to continue to build the knowledge base in ways that will directly advance and inform future actions. The recommendations of this book provide an opportunity to improve the quality of the care and the education that children receive, and ultimately improve outcomes for children.
Author: Ben Maassen Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0199235791 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 398
Book Description
This book presents the latest theoretical developments in the area of speech motor control, offering new insights by leading scientists and clinicians into speech disorders. The scope of this book is broad, presenting research in the areas of modelling, genetics, brain imaging, behavioral experimentation, and clinical applications.
Author: Shrawan Kumar Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 0849382696 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 630
Book Description
Despite the apparently distinct differences between the disciplines of ergonomics and rehabilitation, they deal with the same issues, although at different ends of the spectrum. Keeping this in mind, Ergonomics for Rehabilitation Professionals explores their philosophies and goals, their parallel, divergent, and complementary aspects. It traces the
Author: J. Fagard Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080867359 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 415
Book Description
This volume examines the development of timing in coordinated action from several different ontogenetic perspectives. Some chapters emphasize the qualitative changes in manifest motor behavior during the early growth years and examine the relation between temporal characteristics of pre- and perinatal movements and goal directed actions with qualitatively different rules of temporal organization. Other contributors stress the developmentally invariant timing characteristics of species-typical and perhaps genetically programmed motor patterns of nonhuman organisms.Also examined is the molecular machinery that generates circumscribed motor patterns with stable temporal characteristics, as well as the reversible influences of peripheral feedback on and the interactions among discrete pattern generators. Despite their basic theoretical differences, both formulations imply the same generic hypothesis: that the temporal characteristics of manifest movement or action are controlled by central agencies acting on the peripheral skeleto-muscular system in a hierarchic top-down mode.
Author: Mark L. Latash Publisher: Human Kinetics ISBN: 9780736063678 Category : Locomotion Languages : en Pages : 444
Book Description
With eight new chapters and 130 pages of fresh material, this second edition covers a wide range of topics, including movement disorders and current theories of motor control and co-ordination.
Author: David Sutherland
Author: David Sutherland
Author: David H. Sutherland
Author: David Sutherland
Author: 岡本勉
Author: Andrew T. J. Lowry
Author: National Research Council
Author: Ben Maassen
Author: Shrawan Kumar
Author: J. Fagard
Author: Mark L. Latash