The Consolidation of Two Suburban School Districts PDF Download

Author: Keith G. Filipiak
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 368

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Author: Heather Bennett
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Recent demographic shifts of minority and low-income populations to the suburbs have transformed metropolitan areas. However, such transformations have contributed to increasing racial and economic segregation between jurisdictions. This dissertation explores how housing and school district policies of two suburban school districts within an affluent northeast county function together to impact the racial and economic demographic shaping and segregation between these school districts. To better understand the role of policy in the increasing demographic shaping and segregation between northern metropolitan suburban school districts I examined two themes in the literature: the suburban construct as White spaces and the link between political fragmentation in metropolitan areas to education and residential segregation. This research was conducted as a sequential mixed method multiple embedded case study to answer the following question: How does housing and school policy function together to impact the racial and economic segregation between Lower Merion School District (LMSD) and Cheltenham School District (CSD) within Montgomery County, Pennsylvania? More specifically, how have school districts and municipalities housing and population demographics in Montgomery County changed between 1960-2014?; and What federal, state, and local housing and school district policies and jurisprudence contribute to the demographic segregation between suburban school districts in Montgomery County, and how, respectively, do they do so? Currently, Lower Merion School District is a predominately White and affluent community, while Cheltenham School District is racially and socioeconomically diverse. Yet in 1960, both districts municipalities had a predominately White population (95-99%) and similar economic demographics. Examining these two districts provided an insight to how divergent goals, cultural purposes, and implementation of housing and education policies have contributed to the demographic trajectory of each suburban jurisdiction. Findings suggest that suburban municipalities practiced exclusionary policies to keep out minority and low-income populations from a demographically changing Philadelphia core. However, the cultural narrative of each municipality imparted different zoning and housing goals and policies that shaped the divergent demographics of each area. Lower Merion reflected a Main Line narrative, concentrated in the production of wealth and whiteness. Cheltenhams narrative focused on creating a diverse community that emerged over time. The findings also suggest that the municipalities shape the geographic and cultural boundaries not the school districts in Pennsylvania. School districts are often reacting to demographic shifts predicated by municipality zoning choices, but they do mostly reinforce the cultural narrative of the municipality that include or exclude populations. Furthermore, the continued perception of quality suburbs as White spaces allows segregated schools and communities to persist.

Author: Polly J. Price
Publisher: Prometheus Books
ISBN: 161592101X
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 468

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Through internal court documents, interviews, and Arnold's diaries, Price traces the former judge's life, career, and political transformation from an elite Southerner with deep misgivings about "Brown v. Board of Education" to a modern champion of civil rights.

Author: Nebraska. Department of Public Instruction
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Public schools
Languages : en
Pages : 44

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Author: Nebraska; Dept; Of Public Instruction
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781331052456
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 42

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Excerpt from The Consolidation of School Districts An address delivered before the Department of School Administration, National Educational Association, Thursday morning. July 9, 1903. This subject is usually more fully expressed as The Consolidation of School Districts, the Centralization of Rural Schools, and the Transportation of Pupils at Public Expense. The ideal plan contemplates the discontinuance of the small schools within a given area, say a congressional township, and the maintenance of one graded school instead at some point near the center of the township. To illustrate: suppose a township to be divided into nine rural school districts, each comprising four square miles of territory, with a low assessed valuation, a high tax levy, a small, neglected and dilapidated frame schoolhouse varying from 16x24 feet to 24x30 feet, with three windows on each side and one window and a door in one end, a stove, and without basement and interior closets. This schoolhouse, if located at the center of this school district of four square miles, will be two miles by section line roads from the homes at the corners of the district. School is maintained six, seven or eight months during the year, under the jurisdiction of a board of three trustees, and in our busy western section of the country, is usually taught by a young woman under twenty-one years of age, who is paid $30 amouth for teaching or "keeping" school, building fires and " sweeping out." In this school we may find an average daily attendance of sixteen pupils, a high estimate by the way, representing all ages from five to twenty years, all grades from the primary to the high school and occasionally with two or three high school branches crowded in. and from thirty to forty recitations daily. The attendance is irregular and spasmodic, and tardiness is often the rule, children continuing to arrive until ten o'clock. Pupils are "put back." term after term by the "new" teacher, as records are usually destroyed or lost. Apparatus is either unknown or out-of-date, blackboard scanty and furniture rackety. This is the good old-fashioned "deestrick skool" taught by the new woman of twenty whohas succeeded and supplanted theold man of forty - and of forty years ago! Consolidation or centralization proposes to discontinue these small districts as separate organizations, and these rural schools and schoolhouses, and to establish in lien thereof one central graded school for the township, housing ten or more grades in a four-room frame or brick schoolhouse, well constructed, correctly lighted, heated, ventilated, and seated, with basement and interior closets, a janitor, a principal and three other teachers, thirty-six pupils and three grades to the room, twelve to fifteen recitations daily in each room, and to transport the pupils by public conveyance to and from the schoolhouse daily. We would then have a township board of education of five or seven members, would and could pay the principal $60.00 to $75.00 a month and the three assistants about $45.00 a month each. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Author: Salvatore A. Sansone
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 676

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Author: Campbell F. Scribner
Publisher: Cornell University Press
ISBN: 1501704109
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 256

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Throughout the twentieth century, local control of school districts was one of the most contentious issues in American politics. As state and federal regulation attempted to standardize public schools, conservatives defended local prerogative as a bulwark of democratic values. Yet their commitment to those values was shifting and selective. In The Fight for Local Control, Campbell F. Scribner demonstrates how, in the decades after World War II, suburban communities appropriated legacies of rural education to assert their political autonomy and in the process radically changed educational law. Scribner’s account unfolds on the metropolitan fringe, where rapid suburbanization overlapped with the consolidation of thousands of small rural schools. Rural residents initially clashed with their new neighbors, but by the 1960s the groups had rallied to resist government oversight. What began as residual opposition to school consolidation would transform into campaigns against race-based busing, unionized teachers, tax equalization, and secular curriculum. In case after case, suburban conservatives carved out new rights for local autonomy, stifling equal educational opportunity. Yet Scribner also provides insight into why many conservatives have since abandoned localism for policies that stress school choice and federal accountability. In the 1970s, as new battles arose over unions, textbooks, and taxes, districts on the rural-suburban fringe became the first to assert individual choice in the form of school vouchers, religious exemptions, and a marketplace model of education. At the same time, they began to embrace tax limitation and standardized testing, policies that checked educational bureaucracy but bypassed local school boards. The effect, Scribner concludes, has been to reinforce inequalities between districts while weakening participatory government within them, keeping the worst aspects of local control in place while forfeiting its virtues.

Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Equal Educational Opportunity
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Segregation in education
Languages : en
Pages : 542

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Author: Charles E. Connerly
Publisher: University of Virginia Press
ISBN: 0813935385
Category : Architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 215

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One of Planetizen’s Top Ten Books of 2006 "But for Birmingham," Fred Shuttleworth recalled President John F. Kennedy saying in June 1963 when he invited black leaders to meet with him, "we would not be here today." Birmingham is well known for its civil rights history, particularly for the violent white-on-black bombings that occurred there in the 1960s, resulting in the city’s nickname "Bombingham." What is less well known about Birmingham’s racial history, however, is the extent to which early city planning decisions influenced and prompted the city’s civil rights protests. The first book-length work to analyze this connection, "The Most Segregated City in America": City Planning and Civil Rights in Birmingham, 1920–1980 uncovers the impact of Birmingham’s urban planning decisions on its black communities and reveals how these decisions led directly to the civil rights movement. Spanning over sixty years, Charles E. Connerly’s study begins in the 1920s, when Birmingham used urban planning as an excuse to implement racial zoning laws, pointedly sidestepping the 1917 U.S. Supreme Court Buchanan v. Warley decision that had struck down racial zoning. The result of this obstruction was the South’s longest-standing racial zoning law, which lasted from 1926 to 1951, when it was redeclared unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court. Despite the fact that African Americans constituted at least 38 percent of Birmingham’s residents, they faced drastic limitations to their freedom to choose where to live. When in the1940s they rebelled by attempting to purchase homes in off-limit areas, their efforts were labeled as a challenge to city planning, resulting in government and court interventions that became violent. More than fifty bombings ensued between 1947 and 1966, becoming nationally publicized only in 1963, when four black girls were killed in the bombing of the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church. Connerly effectively uses Birmingham’s history as an example to argue the importance of recognizing the link that exists between city planning and civil rights. His demonstration of how Birmingham’s race-based planning legacy led to the confrontations that culminated in the city’s struggle for civil rights provides a fresh lens on the history and future of urban planning, and its relation to race.

Author: Louisiana Dept Of Education
Publisher: Forgotten Books
ISBN: 9780666108937
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 76

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Excerpt from The Consolidation of School Districts, the Centralization of Rural Schools and the Transportation of Pupils at Public Expense, Circular of Information Vermont - (from Circular No. XIX, - The small school is the product of two factors: namely (1) the exodus of population from remote and rural sections, and (2) the de crease in size of families. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.