Author: ANONIMO
Publisher: Office for Official Publications
ISBN: 9789289449861
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 37

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Book Description

Author: European Communities
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Book Description
A comparison of the strategies for the management of radioactive waste is the subjet of the project Compas (Comparison of alternative waste management strategies for long-lived radioactive wastes). The project addressed the policies and strategies for the management of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) and long-lived radioactive wastes, namely high-level waste from processing (HLW) and long-lived low and intermediate level waste (LL-LILW) , that have been developed in many of the EU Member States, Switzerland and many of the applicant countries. The comparison reflects the status of the national strategies on 1 September 2003. The report of the project addresses four aspects: - the wastes to be managed and ways of changing their properties; - the issues that have played a major role in influencing the strategies that have been adopted; - generic strategies that have been adopted or are being considered; - the issues that have been important in determining the acceptability of waste management options to stakeholders outside the nuclear industry and the main elements of the processes associated with options that are being successfully implemented or are being proposed for the future. Nearly all the countries that have participated in the propject have adopted deep geological disposal as the preferred long-term management option for spent nuclear fuel (that is not consigned for reprocessing), high-Ievel waste and long-lived radioactive waste. This option has been selected on the basis that the safety of a store for an indefinite period cannot be established and all the options that involve placing the waste away from land masses are either prohibited by international conventions or the uncertainties are considered to be too great. However, there are different perceptions of the urgency for implementing deep geological disposal that depend on national policies and social, logistical and economic issues. The incorporation of the requirement for disposal in national legislation has been an important factor in its early implementation in some countries.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783844364507
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description

Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309073170
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 215

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Book Description
Focused attention by world leaders is needed to address the substantial challenges posed by disposal of spent nuclear fuel from reactors and high-level radioactive waste from processing such fuel. The biggest challenges in achieving safe and secure storage and permanent waste disposal are societal, although technical challenges remain. Disposition of radioactive wastes in a deep geological repository is a sound approach as long as it progresses through a stepwise decision-making process that takes advantage of technical advances, public participation, and international cooperation. Written for concerned citizens as well as policymakers, this book was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and waste management organizations in eight other countries.

Author: Christian Streffer
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642229255
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 474

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Book Description
Radioactive waste (above all highly radioactive wastes from nuclear installations) caused by research, medicine and technology must be disposed of safely. However both the strategies disputed for the disposal of radioactive waste as well as concrete proposals for choosing a location for final waste disposal are highly debatable. An appropriate disposal must conform to both complex, technical requirements and fulfill the radio-biological conditions to appropriately protect man and nature. Ethical, legal and social conditions must also be considered. An interdisciplinary team from various, relevant fields compiled the current status-quo and developed criteria and strategies, which on the one hand meet the requirements of optimal warning and prevention of risk for present and future generations, and additionally on the other hand meet the needs of what current society agrees what is expected to be allowed. This study can be understood as an advanced and continuing contribution to the corresponding scientific specialized debates, due to its interdisciplinary treatment. At the same time it serves as a fundamentally informing contribution to public and political debates, offering an easily comprehensible executive summary and precise content recommendations.

Author: International Atomic Energy Agency
Publisher: IAEA
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 188

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Book Description
Over the past decade significant progress has been achieved in the development of waste characterization and control procedures and equipment as a direct response to ever-increasing requirements for quality and reliability of information on waste characteristics. Failure in control procedures at any step can have important, adverse consequences and may result in producing waste packages which are not compliant with the waste acceptance criteria for disposal, thereby adversely impacting the repository. The information and guidance included in this publication corresponds to recent achievements and reflects the optimum approaches, thereby reducing the potential for error and enhancing the quality of the end product. -- Publisher's description.

Author: W. R. Alexander
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080468888
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 293

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Book Description
Deep Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste presents a critical review of designing, siting, constructing and demonstrating the safety and environmental impact of deep repositories for radioactive wastes. It is structured to provide a broad perspective of this multi-faceted, multi-disciplinary topic: providing enough detail for a non-specialist to understand the fundamental principles involved and with extensive references to sources of more detailed information. Emphasis is very much on "deep geological disposal – at least some tens of metres below land surface and, in many cases, many hundred of metres deep. Additionally, only radioactive wastes are considered directly – even though such wastes often contain also significant chemotoxic or otherwise hazardous components. Many of the principles involved are generally applicable to other repository options (e.g. near-surface or on-surface disposal) and, indeed, to other types of hazardous waste. - Presents a current critical review in designing, siting, constructing and demonsrating the safety and environmental impact of deep repositories for radwaste - Addresses the fundamental principles of radioactive waste with up-to-date examples and real-world case studies - Written for a multi-disciplinary audience, with an appropriate level of detail to allow a non-specialist to understand

Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309052262
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 590

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Book Description
Disposal of radioactive waste from nuclear weapons production and power generation has caused public outcry and political consternation. Nuclear Wastes presents a critical review of some waste management and disposal alternatives to the current national policy of direct disposal of light water reactor spent fuel. The book offers clearcut conclusions for what the nation should do today and what solutions should be explored for tomorrow. The committee examines the currently used "once-through" fuel cycle versus different alternatives of separations and transmutation technology systems, by which hazardous radionuclides are converted to nuclides that are either stable or radioactive with short half-lives. The volume provides detailed findings and conclusions about the status and feasibility of plutonium extraction and more advanced separations technologies, as well as three principal transmutation concepts for commercial reactor spent fuel. The book discusses nuclear proliferation; the U.S. nuclear regulatory structure; issues of health, safety and transportation; the proposed sale of electrical energy as a means of paying for the transmutation system; and other key issues.

Author: U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Radioactive waste disposal
Languages : en
Pages : 908

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Book Description

Author: Michael I Ojovan
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 9780080993928
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Drawing on the authors' extensive experience in the processing and disposal of waste, An Introduction to Nuclear Waste Immobilisation, Second Edition examines the gamut of nuclear waste issues from the natural level of radionuclides in the environment to geological disposal of waste-forms and their long-term behavior. It covers all-important aspects of processing and immobilization, including nuclear decay, regulations, new technologies and methods. Significant focus is given to the analysis of the various matrices used, especially cement and glass, with further discussion of other matrices such as bitumen. The final chapter concentrates on the performance assessment of immobilizing materials and safety of disposal, providing a full range of the resources needed to understand and correctly immobilize nuclear waste.