The Anatomy and Consequences of Ambiguity in Decision Making PDF Download

Author: Jacques Frank Yates
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Decision making
Languages : en
Pages : 28

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Author: Clifford Sigmund Marks
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Counseling
Languages : en
Pages : 148

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Author: Robin M. Hogarth
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 45

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In many important decisions, people are uncertain or ambiguous concerning the magnitude of the probabilities of events that can affect outcomes. The classic theory of decision making argues that people's decisions should not be affected by whether knowledge of a probability is precise or ambiguous. This chapter presents a descriptive model of how people cope with ambiguous probabilities in decision making. The model predicts that ambiguity matters. 'Decision weights' associated with ambiguous probabilities are assumed to be reached via an anchoring-and-adjustment process in which people anchor on an estimate of the probability and then adjust this as a result of mentally stimulating alternative values of the probability. The mental simulation process is affected by both the amount of ambiguity and whether outcomes are large or small gains and/or losses. One important factor that determines people's attitudes toward ambiguity is the nature of the role they assume in making decisions. Keywords: Decision making, Attitudes(psychology), Ambiguity, Subjective probability, Risk adverse, Roles. (CP).

Author: Simone de Beauvoir
Publisher: Open Road Media
ISBN: 1504054210
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 98

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From the groundbreaking author of The Second Sex comes a radical argument for ethical responsibility and freedom. In this classic introduction to existentialist thought, French philosopher Simone de Beauvoir’s The Ethics of Ambiguity simultaneously pays homage to and grapples with her French contemporaries, philosophers Jean-Paul Sartre and Maurice Merleau-Ponty, by arguing that the freedoms in existentialism carry with them certain ethical responsibilities. De Beauvoir outlines a series of “ways of being” (the adventurer, the passionate person, the lover, the artist, and the intellectual), each of which overcomes the former’s deficiencies, and therefore can live up to the responsibilities of freedom. Ultimately, de Beauvoir argues that in order to achieve true freedom, one must battle against the choices and activities of those who suppress it. The Ethics of Ambiguity is the book that launched Simone de Beauvoir’s feminist and existential philosophy. It remains a concise yet thorough examination of existence and what it means to be human.

Author: Andrea Caputo
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030196852
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 330

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The creation, success and long-term survival of enterprises are fundamentally linked to the effectiveness of decision-making processes and negotiation capabilities. This book provides an overview of research into how decisions permeate entrepreneurial ventures throughout their lifecycle. A multidisciplinary approach combining psychology, sociology and political science is used to investigate how entrepreneurs address and deal with decision-making. The respective contributions highlight the latest empirical, theoretical and meta-research, and bridge the gap between literature on entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial and innovative behaviours with that on decision-making and negotiation. This book is one of the first to combine these streams of research, thereby offering a new and insightful addition to the field of entrepreneurship.

Author: Yuanyuan Liu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
This dissertation addresses the issue of how to make decisions involving both time delay and ambiguous information. This dissertation is arranged into three chapters. Chapter 1 reviews a set of studies on the influence of ambiguity and time delay on individual decision making and raises two relevant research questions: (1) Are decision makers' ambiguity preferences different for prospects resolved in the present and the future?; and (2) Do decision makers' time preferences differ under ambiguous and unambiguous payoffs? Chapter 2 and 3 are two independent essays, each addressing one of the above questions. The first essay examines ambiguity preferences under present and delayed resolutions across low and high probabilities. Results of three studies show an interaction effect between resolution time and probability level. Under the immediate resolution, we find that individuals exhibit ambiguity aversion at high probabilities and weak ambiguity seeking or indifference at low probabilities, consistent with prior literature. However, delayed resolution regresses aversion and seeking behaviors to neutrality. Drawing on the construal level theory and the dual-process theory, we attribute this interaction effect to the difference in processing styles for present and future prospects. The second essay demonstrates the impact of ambiguous future payoffs on intertemporal preferences. Six studies show that, despite the fact that ambiguous and delayed payoffs are generally disliked separately, together they produce a positive effect. That is, ambiguous future payoffs are more likely to be preferred than precise payoffs (with equal expected values) in intertemporal decision-making. We propose the overshadowing hypothesis to explain this effect and rule out three other possibilities. Finally, we establish boundary conditions by systematically examining whether the effect persists at various ambiguity levels and time points.

Author: David C. Thomasma
Publisher: Georgetown University Press
ISBN: 9781589014480
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 326

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Book Description
This book illuminates issues in medical ethics revolving around the complex bond between healer and patient, focusing on friendship and other important values in the healing relationship. Embracing medicine, philosophy, theology, and bioethics, it considers whether bioethical issues in medicine, nursing, and dentistry can be examined from the perspective of the healing relationship rather than external moral principles. Distinguished contributors explore the role of the health professional, the moral basis of health care, greater emphasis on the humanities in medical education, and some of the current challenges facing healers today.

Author: Robin M. Hogarth
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Decision-making
Languages : en
Pages : 30

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Author:
Publisher: Transaction Publishers
ISBN: 9781412838597
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 348

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"The Psychology of Politics contains the evidence and arguments Eysenck used to demonstrate his approach. This volume is of enduring significance for psychologists, political theorists, and historians."--BOOK JACKET.

Author: Gideon Keren
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118468392
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 1056

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Book Description
A comprehensive, up-to-date examination of the most important theory, concepts, methodological approaches, and applications in the burgeoning field of judgment and decision making (JDM) Emphasizes the growth of JDM applications with chapters devoted to medical decision making, decision making and the law, consumer behavior, and more Addresses controversial topics from multiple perspectives – such as choice from description versus choice from experience – and contrasts between empirical methodologies employed in behavioral economics and psychology Brings together a multi-disciplinary group of contributors from across the social sciences, including psychology, economics, marketing, finance, public policy, sociology, and philosophy 2 Volumes