Textbook of Arterial Stiffness and Pulsatile Hemodynamics in Health and Disease PDF Download

Author: Julio A. Chirinos
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0323916481
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1036

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Book Description
Textbook of Arterial Stiffness and Pulsatile Hemodynamics in Health and Disease, Two Volume Set covers the principles, physiology, biologic pathways, clinical implications and therapeutics surrounding arterial stiffness and pulsatile hemodynamics, along with a thorough overview of the field. The book presents complex engineering concepts in a way that those in science and medicine can more easily understand. It includes detailed illustrations. Additionally, it presents advanced bioengineering concepts in boxes for readers who wants more in-depth biophysical knowledge. This is a must-have reference for students, researchers and clinicians interested in learning more about this field. - Incorporates case studies and calculations/worked examples with mathematical principles explained in a conceptual manner without complicated formulas - Features chapter contributions from leading international researchers and clinicians - Covers principles, physiology, biologic pathways, clinical implications and therapeutics

Author: Peder af Geijerstam
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN: 9180756565
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 174

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Book Description
Hypertension is the most common preventable cause of premature all-cause mortality, primarily from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Individuals with dysglycemia, including prediabetes and diabetes, are at increased risk. Licorice intake raises blood pressure (BP) through the effects of glycyrrhizic acid (GA), but the true limit of safe intake is uncertain. Home BP has several benefits over BP measured at a clinic, including a higher predictive value for CVD. By combining office and home BP, it is possible to diagnose masked hypertension (MH), in which home but not office BP is elevated, and white coat hypertension (WCH), in which office but not home BP is elevated. The aim of this thesis was to advance our knowledge on home BP in relation to dysglycemia, markers of CVD, and licorice intake. The first 3 papers used data from the Linköping cohort of the prospective Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS). Study IV was a randomized controlled cross-over study. Data was obtained from questionnaires, blood samples and office and home BP measurements. In studies I-III, pulse wave velocity (PWV), coronary artery calcium score (CACS), and carotid artery plaques as markers of CVD were also included. In Study I, we examined 5025 men and women aged 50-64 years old for the relation between dysglycemia and home BP. Both the systolic office and home BP measurements were positively as-sociated with dysglycemia. Participants with dysglycemia vs normoglycemia more often had MH. The findings were in line with previous research and strengthened the association between dysglycemia and MH. In Study II, we examined the associations between MH and markers of CVD in 4122 individuals without BP-lowering treatment. Of participants, 4.2% had MH, and these were more often men and had higher BMI than those with normotension. Participants with MH also had higher odds for CACS ≥100, an as-sociation which has previously been suggested as a trend. In Study III, we examined the relation between soluble P-se-lectin (sP-selectin) as a measure of thrombotic activity, plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) as a measure of inflammation, and home BP in 4548 participants. Both markers were higher in each hypertension phenotype compared with sustained normotension. The quartile of participants with the highest sP-se-lectin values had higher odds for CACS ≥100 and carotid artery plaques. The association between sP-selectin and sustained hyper-tension was novel and not affected by adjustments for hsCRP. In Study IV, 28 healthy participants aged 18-30 years old were evaluated for the effects of a daily intake of licorice containing 100 mg of GA compared with a control product for 2 weeks. During the licorice intake period, the systolic home BP increased with 3.1 mmHg, and the suppression of serum aldosterone and plasma renin levels indicated that this was due to the licorice intake. In conclusion, this thesis further strengthens the idea that both home and office BP measurements have values beyond that of the other, and that home BP may be most valuable in individuals with dysglycemia and obesity, and in men. Finally, licorice may be more potent than previously known, suggesting the need for increased awareness. Förhöjt blodtryck (hypertoni) är den huvudsakliga orsaken till förtida död, främst genom hjärtkärlsjukdom. Flera mekanismer och riskfaktorer som kan förklara hypertoni har identifierats. Individer med förhöjt blodsocker, inklusive diabetes och dess förstadier, lö-per ökad risk för hjärtkärlsjukdom, och förhöjt blodsocker samexisterar ofta med hypertoni. Lakritsintag höjer blodtrycket genom dess beståndsdel glycyrrhizinsyra (GA), och även om både Europeiska unionen och Världshälsoorganisationen har föreslagit att ett intag av upp till 100 mg per dag sannolikt är säkert att förtära för de flesta individer, är den gränsnivån osäker. Jämfört med blodtryck som mäts på mottagningen av medicinskt utbildad personal har hemblodtryck flera fördelar, inklusive starkare koppling till framtida hjärtkärlsjukdom. Genom att kombinera mottagnings- och hemblodtryck går det att diagnosticera maskerad hypertoni (MH), då hemblodtrycket är förhöjt trots normalt mottagningsblodtryck, och vitrockhypertoni (WCH), då mottagningsblodtrycket men inte hemblodtrycket är förhöjd. Syftet med denna avhandling var att vidare utforska hemblodtryck i relation till förhöjt blodsocker, markörer för hjärtkärlsjukdom, och lakritsintag. Avhandlingens fyra arbeten baseras på två studier. I de första tre arbetena analyserades data från Linköpings-kohorten i the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS), en prospektiv studie av män och kvinnor i åldrarna 50-64 år. I det sista arbetet analyserades data från en lottad överkorsningsstudie. Data i studierna bestod av enkätsvar, blodprover, samt mottagnings- och hemblodtrycksmätningar. I studie I-III ingick även pulsvågshastighet, kalkhalt i kranskärlen vid skiktröntgen (CACS) och plack-förekomst i halspulsådrorna vid ultraljudsundersökning som markörer på hjärtkärlsjukdom. I det första delarbetet undersökte vi data för 5025 individer avseende blodtryck och förhöjt blodsocker. Både mottagnings- och hemblodtryck var associerat med förhöjt blodsocker. Deltagare med förhöjt blodsocker hade oftare MH jämfört med de med normalt blodsocker, och skillnaden mellan mottagnings- och hemblodtrycket var omvänt associerat med långtidsblodsocker. Fynden var i linje med tidigare forskning, och stärkte kända kopplingar mellan MH och förhöjt blodsocker. Förklaringarna till detta samband är okända, men möjliga sådana inkluderar selektiva effekter av blodtryckssänkande läkemedel hos individer med förhöjt blodsocker, samsjukligheter såsom fetma, och aktivering av det sympatiska nervsystemet. I det andra delarbetet analyserade vi förekomst av och associationer för MH hos 4122 individer utan pågående blodtryckssänkande läkemedelsbehandling. Av dessa hade 4.2% MH, och dessa var oftare män och hade högre BMI än de med normalt blodtryck. Deltagare med MH hade också högre pulsvågshastighet och oftare förhöjt CACS. Associationen mellan MH och markörer för hjärt-kärlsjukdom var tidigare känd och styrktes av våra resultat. I det tredje delarbetet undersökte vi 4548 deltagare avseende två blodprovsmarkörer: en för blodplättsaktivitet, lösligt P-selektin i blodet, och en för inflammation, högkänsligt C-reaktivt protein (hsCRP). Både P-selektin och hsCRP var högre vid hypertoni, oavsett typ, jämfört med vid normalt blodtryck. Den kvartil av deltagarna som hade högst P-selektin hade oftare WCH och hypertoni både hemma och på mottagningen, jämfört med normalt blodtryck, och oftare förhöjt CACS och plack i halspulsådrorna. Associationen mellan P-selektin och högt blodtryck både hemma och på mottagningen var inte tidigare känd, och påverkades inte av justering för hsCRP, vilket antydde att den inte enbart förklarades av inflammation. I det fjärde och sista delarbetet inkluderas 28 friska individer i åldrarna 18 till 30 år. I en överkorsningsstudie bad vi deltagarna att dagligen under 2 veckor inta antingen lakrits med ett innehåll av 100 mg GA eller en kontrollprodukt utan lakrits. Deltagarna undersöktes med avseende på hemblodtryck, liksom hormonnivåer i blodet. Under lakrits- jämfört med kontrollperioden steg det systoliska hemblodtrycket med 3,1 mmHg, och hormonnivåerna påverkades på ett sätt som talade för att GA påverkade blodtrycket. Sammanfattningsvis stärker studiernas resultat kunskapen om att blodtrycksmätning både på mottagningen och i hemmet är värdefullt både var för sig och tillsammans, och att hemblodtryck är särskilt värdefullt hos individer med förhöjt blodsocker eller övervikt, samt hos män. Slutligen visade sig små mängder lakrits påverka kroppen mer än tidigare känt, och ökad medvetenhet och bättre etikettering av lakritsprodukter kan vara befogad.

Author: Scott L. Hummel
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0323939821
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 185

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Book Description
In this issue of Cardiology Clinics, guest editors Drs. Scott Hummel and Matthew Konerman bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Top experts in the field cover key topics such as risk factors for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF); cardiopulmonary stress testing in HFpEF; hemodynamic assessment in HFpEF; the role of multi-modality imaging in the evaluation of HFpEF; and more. - Contains 13 relevant, practice-oriented topics including pharmacologic, non-pharmacologic, and device therapy for HFpEF; geriatric domains in patients with HFpEF; pulmonary hypertension in HFpEF; infiltrative, genetic, and other non-standard causes of HFpEF; echocardiography in HFpEF; and more. - Provides in-depth clinical reviews on heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. - Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.

Author: Pedro Guimarães Cunha
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0443155135
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 772

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Book Description
Early Vascular Aging (EVA): New Directions in Cardiovascular Protection, Second Edition continues to be the most comprehensive and authoritative resource on premature alterations in artery structure and function. The book presents a novel approach to the problem of cardiovascular disease, showing it in relation to great vessels disease and revealing a comprehensive approach to the problem of increased rigidity of the great vessels, its causes, and further consequences. This second edition contains completely updated content with expanded coverage of basic and translational research, systematic reviews of the most prominent literature, discussion of applicability of new evidence and more. Written by an international team of clinicians and researchers, this is a valuable resource to basic and translational scientists, clinical researchers and clinicians in the cardiovascular field interested in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of EVA. - Contains all the relevant information available on the main paradigm shifts in vascular aging research, from different fields of knowledge (from basic biology to epidemiology) - Reviews the most prominent evidence produced on early vascular aging (EVA), highlighting recent research advances, clinical applications, and research opportunities - Formulates, in each chapter, a set of research questions that need to be addressed, challenging the vast research community to take on new directions and collaborations

Author: Nancy L. Moureau
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030031497
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 303

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Book Description
This Open access book offers updated and revised information on vessel health and preservation (VHP), a model concept first published in poster form in 2008 and in JVA in 2012, which has received a great deal of attention, especially in the US, UK and Australia. The book presents a model and a new way of thinking applied to vascular access and administration of intravenous treatment, and shows how establishing and maintaining a route of access to the bloodstream is essential for patients in acute care today. Until now, little thought has been given to an intentional process to guide selection, insertion and management of vascular access devices (VADs) and by default actions are based on crisis management when a quickly selected VAD fails. The book details how VHP establishes a framework or pathway model for each step of the patient experience, intentionally guiding, improving and eliminating risk when possible. The evidence points to the fact that reducing fragmentation, establishing a pathway, and teaching the process to all stakeholders reduces complications with intravenous therapy, improves efficiency and diminishes cost. As such this book appeals to bedside nurses, physicians and other health professionals.

Author: Achilles J. Pappano
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0323088260
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 305

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Book Description
Cardiovascular Physiology gives you a solid understanding of how the cardiovascular system functions in both health and disease. Ideal for your systems-based curriculum, this title in the Mosby Physiology Monograph Series explains how the latest concepts apply to real-life clinical situations. Consult this title on your favorite e-reader, conduct rapid searches, and adjust font sizes for optimal readability. Get clear, accurate, and up-to-the-minute coverage of the physiology of the cardiovascular system. Master the material easily with objectives at the start of each chapter; self-study questions, summaries, and key words and concepts. Grasp the latest concepts in vascular, molecular, and cellular biology as they apply to cardiovascular function, thanks to molecular commentaries in each chapter. Apply information to clinical situations with the aid of clinical commentaries and highlighted clinical vignettes throughout.

Author: Robert N. Taylor
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0124079458
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 500

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Book Description
Chesley's Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy continues its tradition as one of the beacons to guide the field of preeclampsia research, recognized for its uniqueness and utility. Hypertensive disorders remain one the major causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and death. It is also a leading cause of preterm birth now known to be a risk factor in remote cardiovascular disease. Despite this the hypertensive disorders remain marginally studied and management is often controversial. The fourth edition of Chesley's Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy focuses on prediction, prevention, and management for clinicians, and is an essential reference text for clinical and basic investigators alike. Differing from other texts devoted to preeclampsia, it covers the whole gamut of high blood pressure, and not just preeclampsia. - Features new chapters focusing on recent discoveries in areas such as fetal programming, genomics/proteomics, and angiogenesis - Includes extensive updates to chapters on epidemiology, etiological considerations, pathophysiology, prediction, prevention, and management - Discusses the emerging roles of metabolic syndrome and obesity and the increasing incidence of preeclampsia - Each section overseen by one of the editors; each chapter co-authored by one of the editors, ensuring coherence throughout book

Author: Christoph Lees
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107157374
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 281

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Discover new concepts in cardiovascular and hemodynamic functionality in feto-maternal medicine, from leading experts in the field.

Author: Michitoshi Inoue
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 4431683674
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 330

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Book Description
Research centering on blood flow in the heart continues to hold an important position, especially since a better understanding of the subject may help reduce the incidence of coronary arterial disease and heart attacks. This book summarizes recent advances in the field; it is the product of fruitful cooperation among international scientists who met in Japan in May, 1990 to discuss the regulation of coronary blood flow.

Author: Paul Hjemdahl
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 184882419X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 389

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Book Description
The main aim of this book is to evaluate the concept of stress and provide tools for physicians to identify patients who might benefit from stress management. This will incorporate a detailed description of the physiological and pathophysiological consequences of acute and chronic stress that might lead to cardiovascular disease. The book will aim to critically evaluate interventional research (behavioural and other therapies) and provide evidence based recommendations on how to manage stress in the cardiovascular patient. Our intentions are to define and highlight stress as an etiological factor for cardiovascular disease, and to describe an evidence based "tool box" that physicians may use to identify and manage patients in whom stress may be an important contributing factor for their disease and their risk of suffering cardiovascular complications.