Techno-economic Analysis of Solid Biofuels and Bioproducts Production from Forest Residues Using Portable Production PDF Download

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biochar
Languages : en
Pages : 43

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Baling
Languages : en
Pages : 37

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Book Description
"Woody biomass feedstock that is both high-quality and low-cost has become increasingly important for the bioenergy and bioproducts industries. Logging generates forest residues – low-quality feedstock – and4 additional operations that also incur additional cost, such as biomass sorting and treetops processing (BSTP),5 micro-chipping, and screening, are required to improve the feedstock’s quality. Considering recent6 developments in technologies and BSTP to generate high-quality feedstocks, economic models were7 developed in this study to estimate various forest residues logistics operational costs and analyze the8 economics of delivering feedstocks to near-woods Biomass Conversion Technology (BCT) sites or to9 faraway-located power plants in the form of chips, hog-fuel, and bales. The results show that the cost of10 BSTP can vary between 0 and2/Oven Dry Metric Ton (ODMT) based on the biomass sorting intensity.11 The most economical way to deliver forest residues was transporting processed stem-wood from landings12 to near-wood BCT sites and comminuting it into woodchips there [~0/ODMT, assuming a one-way13 (32-km) road-distance and no-cost of BSTP at landings]. Grinding slash at the landing and transporting14 ground-biomass (i.e., hog-fuel) to a plant (

Author: Baskar Gurunathan
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 032388556X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 840

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Book Description
Biofuels and Bioenergy: A Techno-Economic Approach provides an in-depth analysis of the economic aspects of biofuels production from renewable feedstock. Taking a biorefinery approach, the book analyzes a wide range of feedstocks, processes and products, including common biofuels such as bioethanol, biobutanol, biooil and biodiesel, feedstocks such as lignocellulosic biomass, non-edible feedstocks like vegetable oils, algae and microbial lipids, and solid and liquid wastes, performance assessments of biodiesel in diesel engine, and the latest developments in catalytic conversion and microbial electrosynthesis technologies. This book offers valuable insights into the commercial feasibility of biofuels products for researchers and students working in the area of bioenergy and renewable energy, but it is also ideal for practicing engineers in the biorefinery and biofuel industry who are looking to develop commercial products. - Focuses on an in-depth, techno-economic analysis of biofuel and bioenergy products, including all important feedstocks, processes and products, all of which are supported by industry case studies - Includes environmental impacts and lifecycle assessments of biofuels production alongside techno-economic analyses - Provides a critical guide to assessing the commercial viability and feasibility of bioenergy production from renewable sources

Author: Amin Mirkouei
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biochar
Languages : en
Pages : 242

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Growing awareness and concern within society over the use of and reliance on fossil fuels has stimulated research efforts in identifying, developing, and selecting alternative energy sources and energy technologies. Bioenergy represents a promising replacement for conventional energy, due to reduced environmental impacts and broad applicability. Sustainable energy challenges, however, require innovative manufacturing technologies and practices to mitigate energy and material consumption. This research aims to facilitate sustainable production of bioenergy from forest biomass and to promote deployment of novel processing equipment such as transportable biorefineries. The study integrates knowledge from the renewable energy production and supply chain management disciplines to evaluate economic and environmental targets of bioenergy production with the use of the multi-criteria decision making approach. The presented approach herein includes qualitative and quantitative methods to address the existing challenges and gaps in the bioenergy manufacturing system. The qualitative method employs decision tree analysis to classify the potential biomass harvesting sites, considering biomass quality and availability. The quantitative method proposes mathematical models to optimize the upstream and midstream biomass-tobioenergy supply chain cost, using mixed bio-refinery modes (transportable and fixed) and transportation pathways (traditional and new). The supply chain environmental impacts are assessed by considering the carbon footprint of the harvesting, collection, size reduction, transportation activities, and bio-refinery processing. While transportable bio-refineries are shown to reduce biomass-to-bioenergy supply chain costs, production and deployment of transportable bio-refineries are limited due to operational challenges associated with undeveloped mixed-mode bioenergy supply chains, as well as supply uncertainty. A case study for northwest Oregon, USA is undertaken using actual data to verify the proposed approach.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : ASPEN PLUS (Computer program)
Languages : en
Pages : 153

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This study compares capital and production costs of two biomass-to-liquid production plants based on gasification. The first biorefinery scenario is an oxygen-fed, low-temperature (870 degrees C), non-slagging, fluidized bed gasifier. The second scenario is an oxygen-fed, high-temperature (1,300 degrees C), slagging, entrained flow gasifier. Both are followed by catalytic Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and hydroprocessing to naphtha-range (gasoline blend stock) and distillate-range (diesel blend stock) liquid fractions. Process modeling software (Aspen Plus) is utilized to organize the mass and energy streams and cost estimation software is used to generate equipment costs. Economic analysis is performed to estimate the capital investment and operating costs. Results show that the total capital investment required for nth plant scenarios is $610 million and $500 million for high-temperature and low-temperature scenarios, respectively. Product value for the high-temperature and low-temperature scenarios is estimated to be $4.30 and $4.80 per gallon of gasoline equivalent (GGE), respectively, based on a feedstock cost of $75 per dry short ton. Sensitivity analysis is also performed on process and economic parameters. This analysis shows that total capital investment and feedstock cost are among the most influential parameters affecting the product value.

Author: Deepak Rajagopal
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Access to energy
Languages : en
Pages : 109

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Abstract: The world is witnessing a sudden growth in production of biofuels, especially those suited for replacing oil like ethanol and biodiesel. This paper synthesizes what the environmental, economic, and policy literature predicts about the possible effects of these types of biofuels. Another motivation is to identify gaps in understanding and recommend areas for future work. The analysis finds three key conclusions. First, the current generation of biofuels, which is derived from food crops, is intensive in land, water, energy, and chemical inputs. Second, the environmental literature is dominated by a discussion of net carbon offset and net energy gain, while indicators relating to impact on human health, soil quality, biodiversity, water depletion, etc., have received much less attention. Third, there is a fast expanding economic and policy literature that analyzes the various effects of biofuels from both micro and macro perspectives, but there are several gaps. A bewildering array of policies - including energy, transportation, agricultural, trade, and environmental policies - is influencing the evolution of biofuels. But the policies and the level of subsidies do not reflect the marginal impact on welfare or the environment. In summary, all biofuels are not created equal. They exhibit considerable spatial and temporal heterogeneity in production. The impact of biofuels will also be heterogeneous, creating winners and losers. The findings of the paper suggest the importance of the role biomass plays in rural areas of developing countries. Furthermore, the use of biomass for producing fuel for cars can affect access to energy and fodder and not just access to food.

Author: H. C. Ong
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783659356520
Category : Biodiesel fuels
Languages : en
Pages : 184

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Book Description
Transportation sector has a dominant role in global fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Due to the dramatic increase in greenhouse gas emissions, sustainable development of this sector has raised the concern in many countries. Biodiesel is a renewable energy that has great potential to serve as an alternative fuel to fossil diesel in the compression ignition (CI) engine. A wide variety of biodiesel research on transesterification, performance and emission analysis is currently available worldwide. However, the study on techno-economic and feasibility of biodiesel fuel is limited. Therefore, this study is focused on biodiesel production and techno-economic comparison among palm, jatropha curcas and calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel as transportation fuel. Moreover, the present study attempts to find out the impact of biodiesel implementation towards the energy, environmental and economy scenario. Finally, this study also serves as a guideline for further investigation on biodiesel policy and implementation before the wider utilization of this alternative fuel.

Author: Alwin Hoogendoorn
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1849730431
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 203

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Book Description
Current world fossil oil production is struggling to meet demand and may even show a decline after 2010. It is therefore necessary to develop new energy-efficient production pathways for transportation biofuels. This book offers an insight into three promising and innovative pathways for the biological production of ethanol, biogas and biodiesel. These unconventional methods should provide higher product yields, less stringent feedstock specifications, lower chemical additive demand, reduced waste production and much better energy balances when compared to more traditional methods. One pathway concerns the enzymatic production of a new kind of biodiesel where no glycerol waste is produced and an up to twenty percent higher product yield is obtained. The other two pathways are based on the biological conversion of syngas into ethanol or methane using various kinds of lignocellulosic biomass as the starting point. For each of the three pathways a comparison will be made with competing production methods. The contents reflect extended desktop research and show practical experimental results. Government scientists, academics and biofuel producers with an interest in novel transportation fuels will all find this book to be essential reading.

Author: René Arturo Zamora Cristales
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Forest biomass
Languages : en
Pages : 189

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Book Description
An economic analysis and optimization of forest biomass processing and transportation at the operational level is presented. Renewable sources of energy have captured the interest of public and private institutions to develop cost-effective supply chains to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. The production of energy from forest harvest residues constitutes an opportunity to develop a supply chain for producing heat, electricity and liquid fuels from renewable materials. Special interest has been directed to the production of aviation fuel given the characteristics of the commercial aircraft technology that cannot use other renewable sources such as electricity, nuclear power or wind turbines. In economic terms, the production of energy from forest harvest residues at actual market prices requires efficient cost management and planning in order to compete with traditional fossil fuel supply chains. Efficient cost management requires an understanding of the operational stages in order to propose alternatives to improve the planning process, reduce costs, and increase the chance of success of this emerging supply chain. The main goal of this study is to improve cost-efficiency of an emerging energy supply chain from forest harvest residues. A general objective is the economic optimization of forest biomass processing and transportation at the operational level. We developed a model and frame-work to analyze the economics of forest biomass processing and transportation using mixed integer programming (MIP), simulation, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and forest operation analysis. We developed an economic costing model that accounts for the cost of machinery and truck waiting time. The study is primarily focused on difficult access steep-land regions although it can also be applied to areas with less restricted road access. A stochastic discrete-event simulation model was developed to estimate cost management strategies to improve economics of mobile chipping operations and analyze the effect of uncertainty in this type of operation. The model was successful in predicting productivity of actual forest biomass recovery operations. The model also allowed analyzing the economic effect of truck-machine interactions when using mobile equipment to process the forest residues With stationary processing equipment, the economic effect of truck-machine interactions on closely coupled operations was analyzed through a simulation model. It was demonstrated that truck-machine interactions affect machine utilization rates and, thus, the economics of the operation. Truck-machine interaction must be accounted for when analyzing forest recovery operations to avoid inaccurate cost estimation. Finally a mathematical solution procedure based on mixed integer programming, GIS and simulation was developed to support planning decisions in forest biomass recovery operations, including economic modeling of the effect of waiting times. The solution procedure was incorporated in the decision support system, Residue Evaluation and Network Optimization (RENO) developed in JAVA platform. The decision support system was demonstrated to be an accurate and effective tool to estimate the most cost effective processing machinery and transport configuration given road access, material physical properties, spatial location of the residue piles and accounting for truck-machine interactions. Additionally, an Ant Colony heuristic is included in the model to bring support to the MIP branch and bound solution method by providing an initial solution for objective function. The model is also flexible to user changes to allow the analyst to analyze the sensitivity of the results to main production variables.

Author: Hans P. Blaschek
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0813802520
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 276

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Book Description
Traditional agriculture and emerging biofuels technology produce a number of wastes and by-products, ranging from corn fiber and glycerin to animal manure, that have the potential to serve as the basis for additional sources of bioenergy that includes both liquid biofuels and biogas. Biofuels from Agricultural Wastes and Byproducts is the first book to focus solely on the production of biofuels primarily from agricultural waste and by-products. The book is divided roughly into two sections. The first section looks at liquid biofuel production from agricultural byproducts, densification of agricultural residues, and the delivery from farm to processing plant of waste and byproducts for use in biofuel production. The second section focuses on anaerobic digestion of food and animal wastes, microbial diversity, molecular and biochemical aspects of methanogensis. Together these sections solidify Biofuels from Agricultural Wastes and Byproducts as a definitive source of information on the use of agricultural waste and by-products in biofuel production.