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Techniques for Real World Ground Penetrating Radar Data Analysis

Techniques for Real World Ground Penetrating Radar Data Analysis PDF Author: André Busche
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
ISBN: 3736946651
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 216

Book Description
Abstract Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) Data Analysis deals with the problem of shallow subsurface imaging, which is motivated by the daily work of engineers, \eg those of municipalities.The concrete problem tackled in this thesis is motivated by the fact, that, at least in Germany, municipalities have knowledge about the existence of supply lines such as gas and water pipelines to cross and follow urban streets, while their actual position is often uncertain.The consequences are obvious:once a street undergoes maintenance works, pipes are easily broken.This also causes heavy problems to residents who are cut off from some supplies for a period of time. This thesis approaches a solution to the object detection problem in GPR data by means of (semi-)automated data analysis techniques, using Machine Learning methods.The problem is treated as a specialized problem for object detection in image data.In this application context, it is possible to integrate certain background knowledge and processing techniques in well-known Machine Learning methods. The thesis formalizes the problem first.A technical framework for the analysis of Complex Engineering Raw Data – CERD -, as a generalization of our current data at hand, will be used for all analysis methods developed.From a thorough data analysis, it becomes clear that our data labels are unsuitable for directly applying supervised Machine Learning methods.Therefore, we will be obtaining suitable ground truth data by semi-manually labeling more than 700 images by hand.The second part of the thesis presents both, supervised and unsupervised Machine Learning techniques for the detection of buried object locations.Techniques are introduced within the general context of object detection techniques within image data.The integration of geometrical background knowledge is shown to be feasible in all methods developed. This thesis will contribute in the followings: *The methodology and suitability of high-quality ground truth data for GPR data analysis is presented. *A conceptual framework along with its technical framework for the analysis of CERD is presented. *Intuitive, state of the art analysis methods for the interpretation of GPR data are presented, discussed, and evaluated. Zusammenfassung Die Bodenradaranalyse (Ground Penetrating Radar – GPR) bezeichnet ein Forschungsfeld, welches nicht-destruktive Radartechnologie einsetzt, um unterirdische Strukturen sichtbar zu machen.Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Teilbereich der unterirdischen Leitungsortung unter Zuhilfenahme überwachter maschineller Lernverfahren (Machine Learning Methoden).Halb-automatische Lernverfahren werden eingesetzt, da es sich um sehr große Datenmengen handelt, die derzeit noch vorwiegend händisch von Ingenieuren analysiert werden.Dieses stellt wesentliche Zeit-, Kosten- und Fehlerfaktoren dar, welche es zu optimieren gilt.Eine manuelle Bestimmung auf Basis bestehender Versorgungsleitungspläne ist besonders in Deutschland nicht möglich, da diese auf teilweise mehrere Meter ungenau und unter Umständen sogar unvollständig sind. Diese Doktorarbeit versucht, die Analyse von Bodenradardaten mit Hilfe überwachter Lernverfahren des `Machine Learnings’ zu automatisieren.Das allgemeine Vorgehen orientiert sich dabei an bekannten Bildverarbeitungsmethoden.Domänenspezifische Eigenschaften werden als Hintergrundwissen in die angewandten Verfahren integriert. Diese Arbeit besteht im wesentlichen aus zwei Teilen.Der erste Teil, bestehend aus den Kapiteln eins bis vier, führt die Problemstellung ein (Kapitel eins) und formalisiert diese (Kapitel zwei).Kapitel drei definiert den technischen Rahmen.Die vorliegenden Daten werden in Kapitel vier analysiert und vorverarbeitet.Aufgrund anwendungsspezifischer Besonderheiten wird in Kapitel fünf eine Methode dargestellt und eingesetzt, um qualitativ hochwertige Annotationen zu gewinnen, die die Grundlage für zu entwickelnde Analyseverfahren darstellt.Der zweite Teil präsentiert und analysiert die Qualität von unüberwachten (Kapitel sieben) und überwachten (Kapitel sechs, acht, neun) Lernverfahren.Hintergrundwissen wird, wann immer möglich, für eine Qualitätsverbesserung integriert. Die wesentlichen Inhalte dieser Arbeit sind folgende: *Hochwertige Annotationen für komplexe Sensordaten werden erhoben und aus verschiedenen Perspektiven verglichen und analysiert. *Ein konzeptuelles Framework für die Analyse komplexer Sensordaten wird präsentiert und prototypisch implementiert. *Intuitive Verfahren für die Bodenradar-Datenanalyse werden entwickelt, angepasst, vorgestellt und qualitativ verglichen.

Techniques for Real World Ground Penetrating Radar Data Analysis

Techniques for Real World Ground Penetrating Radar Data Analysis PDF Author: André Busche
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
ISBN: 3736946651
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 216

Book Description
Abstract Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) Data Analysis deals with the problem of shallow subsurface imaging, which is motivated by the daily work of engineers, \eg those of municipalities.The concrete problem tackled in this thesis is motivated by the fact, that, at least in Germany, municipalities have knowledge about the existence of supply lines such as gas and water pipelines to cross and follow urban streets, while their actual position is often uncertain.The consequences are obvious:once a street undergoes maintenance works, pipes are easily broken.This also causes heavy problems to residents who are cut off from some supplies for a period of time. This thesis approaches a solution to the object detection problem in GPR data by means of (semi-)automated data analysis techniques, using Machine Learning methods.The problem is treated as a specialized problem for object detection in image data.In this application context, it is possible to integrate certain background knowledge and processing techniques in well-known Machine Learning methods. The thesis formalizes the problem first.A technical framework for the analysis of Complex Engineering Raw Data – CERD -, as a generalization of our current data at hand, will be used for all analysis methods developed.From a thorough data analysis, it becomes clear that our data labels are unsuitable for directly applying supervised Machine Learning methods.Therefore, we will be obtaining suitable ground truth data by semi-manually labeling more than 700 images by hand.The second part of the thesis presents both, supervised and unsupervised Machine Learning techniques for the detection of buried object locations.Techniques are introduced within the general context of object detection techniques within image data.The integration of geometrical background knowledge is shown to be feasible in all methods developed. This thesis will contribute in the followings: *The methodology and suitability of high-quality ground truth data for GPR data analysis is presented. *A conceptual framework along with its technical framework for the analysis of CERD is presented. *Intuitive, state of the art analysis methods for the interpretation of GPR data are presented, discussed, and evaluated. Zusammenfassung Die Bodenradaranalyse (Ground Penetrating Radar – GPR) bezeichnet ein Forschungsfeld, welches nicht-destruktive Radartechnologie einsetzt, um unterirdische Strukturen sichtbar zu machen.Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Teilbereich der unterirdischen Leitungsortung unter Zuhilfenahme überwachter maschineller Lernverfahren (Machine Learning Methoden).Halb-automatische Lernverfahren werden eingesetzt, da es sich um sehr große Datenmengen handelt, die derzeit noch vorwiegend händisch von Ingenieuren analysiert werden.Dieses stellt wesentliche Zeit-, Kosten- und Fehlerfaktoren dar, welche es zu optimieren gilt.Eine manuelle Bestimmung auf Basis bestehender Versorgungsleitungspläne ist besonders in Deutschland nicht möglich, da diese auf teilweise mehrere Meter ungenau und unter Umständen sogar unvollständig sind. Diese Doktorarbeit versucht, die Analyse von Bodenradardaten mit Hilfe überwachter Lernverfahren des `Machine Learnings’ zu automatisieren.Das allgemeine Vorgehen orientiert sich dabei an bekannten Bildverarbeitungsmethoden.Domänenspezifische Eigenschaften werden als Hintergrundwissen in die angewandten Verfahren integriert. Diese Arbeit besteht im wesentlichen aus zwei Teilen.Der erste Teil, bestehend aus den Kapiteln eins bis vier, führt die Problemstellung ein (Kapitel eins) und formalisiert diese (Kapitel zwei).Kapitel drei definiert den technischen Rahmen.Die vorliegenden Daten werden in Kapitel vier analysiert und vorverarbeitet.Aufgrund anwendungsspezifischer Besonderheiten wird in Kapitel fünf eine Methode dargestellt und eingesetzt, um qualitativ hochwertige Annotationen zu gewinnen, die die Grundlage für zu entwickelnde Analyseverfahren darstellt.Der zweite Teil präsentiert und analysiert die Qualität von unüberwachten (Kapitel sieben) und überwachten (Kapitel sechs, acht, neun) Lernverfahren.Hintergrundwissen wird, wann immer möglich, für eine Qualitätsverbesserung integriert. Die wesentlichen Inhalte dieser Arbeit sind folgende: *Hochwertige Annotationen für komplexe Sensordaten werden erhoben und aus verschiedenen Perspektiven verglichen und analysiert. *Ein konzeptuelles Framework für die Analyse komplexer Sensordaten wird präsentiert und prototypisch implementiert. *Intuitive Verfahren für die Bodenradar-Datenanalyse werden entwickelt, angepasst, vorgestellt und qualitativ verglichen.

Introduction to Ground Penetrating Radar

Introduction to Ground Penetrating Radar PDF Author: Raffaele Persico
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118305000
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 412

Book Description
A real-world guide to practical applications of ground penetrating radar (GPR) The nondestructive nature of ground penetrating radar makes it an important and popular method of subsurface imaging, but it is a highly specialized field, requiring a deep understanding of the underlying science for successful application. Introduction to Ground Penetrating Radar: Inverse Scattering and Data Processing provides experienced professionals with the background they need to ensure precise data collection and analysis. Written to build upon the information presented in more general introductory volumes, the book discusses the fundamental mathematical, physical, and engineering principles upon which GPR is built. Real-world examples and field data provide readers an accurate view of day-to-day GPR use. Topics include: 2D scattering for dielectric and magnetic targets 3D scattering equations and migration algorithms Host medium characterization and diffraction tomography Time and frequency steps in GPR data sampling The Born approximation and the singular value decomposition The six appendices contain the mathematical proofs of all examples discussed throughout the book. Introduction to Ground Penetrating Radar: Inverse Scattering and Data Processing is a comprehensive resource that will prove invaluable in the field.

Advances in Near-surface Seismology and Ground-penetrating Radar, Volume 15

Advances in Near-surface Seismology and Ground-penetrating Radar, Volume 15 PDF Author: Richard D. Miller
Publisher: SEG Books
ISBN: 1560802243
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 513

Book Description
Advances in Near-surface Seismology and Ground-penetrating Radar (SEG Geophysical Developments Series No. 15) is a collection of original papers by renowned and respected authors from around the world. Technologies used in the application of near-surface seismology and ground-penetrating radar have seen significant advances in the last several years. Both methods have benefited from new processing tools, increased computer speeds, and an expanded variety of applications. This book, divided into four sections--"Reviews," "Methodology," "Integrative Approaches," and "Case Studies"--Captures the most significant cutting-edge issues in active areas of research, unveiling truly pertinent studies that address fundamental applied problems. This collection of manuscripts grew from a core group of papers presented at a post-convention workshop, "Advances in Near-surface Seismology and Ground-penetrating Radar," held during the 2009 SEG Annual Meeting in Houston, Texas. This is the first cooperative publication effort between the near-surface communities of SEG, AGU, and EEGS. It will appeal to a large and diverse audience that includes researchers and practitioners inside and outside the near-surface geophysics community. --Publisher description.

Data Analysis, Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery

Data Analysis, Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery PDF Author: Myra Spiliopoulou
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3319015958
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 461

Book Description
Data analysis, machine learning and knowledge discovery are research areas at the intersection of computer science, artificial intelligence, mathematics and statistics. They cover general methods and techniques that can be applied to a vast set of applications such as web and text mining, marketing, medicine, bioinformatics and business intelligence. This volume contains the revised versions of selected papers in the field of data analysis, machine learning and knowledge discovery presented during the 36th annual conference of the German Classification Society (GfKl). The conference was held at the University of Hildesheim (Germany) in August 2012. ​

Ground-Penetrating Radar for Archaeology

Ground-Penetrating Radar for Archaeology PDF Author: Lawrence B. Conyers
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN: 1538179369
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 263

Book Description
Ground-penetrating radar is a near-surface geophysical technique that can provide three-dimensional maps and other images of buried archaeological features and associated stratigraphy in a precise way. This revised edition, by the expert in the field, provides the basics of the physics, chemistry, geology, and archaeology in a clear fashion, unburdened by complex equations or theory. Additions to the forth edition include: Updates to recent hardware and software advances in three-dimensional antenna array systems and antenna offset technology; Expanded data processing methods that explains how to get more from your raw data, with examples to show why this is necessary and the results obtained; Expanded examples from around the world and in various environmental settings that explains how non-traditional data analysis steps can provide clarity to results in ways that are not usually done with traditional. The reader will be able to understand how the latest equipment and software and the results of data collection and processing can be used effectively in a number of different settings. Both potential pitfalls and successes and the reasons for them are discussed. With over 100 images and important tables and graphs, this book is a useful reference in the field and for data processing in GPR.

Ground Penetrating Radar

Ground Penetrating Radar PDF Author: Mohammed Serhir
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1789451574
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 308

Book Description
This book offers an overview of modern advances in Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) for the reader hoping to understand comprehensive electromagnetic culture, combining instrumental development of radar, signal processing, imaging, and calibration/correction of measured data. GPR has a multi-disciplinary character that can bring together a diverse and broad community. Of concern are the design and optimization of innovative radars, by virtue of the antennas and associated electronics, imaging algorithms, methodological diversity, calibration procedures, and the development of tools for the interpretation of data in mono-static or multi-static configurations within frequency or transient domains. This book provides illustrations in civil engineering for the diagnosis of transport infrastructures and buildings, archeological surveys for the appreciation of cultural heritage, detection of underground pipes and cavities, estimation of soil water content for agriculture, and mapping of root trees developing underground, and in planetology, the analysis of the internal structure of planets and other celestial bodies through electromagnetic waves.

Ground Penetrating Radar Theory and Applications

Ground Penetrating Radar Theory and Applications PDF Author: Harry M. Jol
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080951848
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 545

Book Description
Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a rapidly developing field that has seen tremendous progress over the past 15 years. The development of GPR spans aspects of geophysical science, technology, and a wide range of scientific and engineering applications. It is the breadth of applications that has made GPR such a valuable tool in the geophysical consulting and geotechnical engineering industries, has lead to its rapid development, and inspired new areas of research in academia. The topic of GPR has gone from not even being mentioned in geophysical texts ten years ago to being the focus of hundreds of research papers and special issues of journals dedicated to the topic. The explosion of primary literature devoted to GPR technology, theory and applications, has lead to a strong demand for an up-to-date synthesis and overview of this rapidly developing field. Because there are specifics in the utilization of GPR for different applications, a review of the current state of development of the applications along with the fundamental theory is required. This book will provide sufficient detail to allow both practitioners and newcomers to the area of GPR to use it as a handbook and primary research reference. *Review of GPR theory and applications by leaders in the field*Up-to-date information and references*Effective handbook and primary research reference for both experienced practitioners and newcomers

Civil Engineering Applications of Ground Penetrating Radar

Civil Engineering Applications of Ground Penetrating Radar PDF Author: Andrea Benedetto
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319048139
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 373

Book Description
This book, based on Transport and Urban Development COST Action TU1208, presents the most advanced applications of ground penetrating radar (GPR) in a civil engineering context, with documentation of instrumentation, methods and results. It explains clearly how GPR can be employed for the surveying of critical transport infrastructure, such as roads, pavements, bridges and tunnels and for the sensing and mapping of underground utilities and voids. Detailed attention is also devoted to use of GPR in the inspection of geological structures and of construction materials and structures, including reinforced concrete, steel reinforcing bars and pre/post-tensioned stressing ducts. Advanced methods for solution of electromagnetic scattering problems and new data processing techniques are also presented. Readers will come to appreciate that GPR is a safe, advanced, non destructive and noninvasive imaging technique that can be effectively used for the inspection of composite structures and the performance of diagnostics relevant to the entire life cycle of civil engineering works.

Radar and Sonar Imaging and Processing

Radar and Sonar Imaging and Processing PDF Author: Andrzej Stateczny
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3039439715
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 468

Book Description
The Special Issue “Radar and Sonar Imaging Processing” is a collection of 21 articles exploring many topics related to remote sensing with radar and sonar sensors. In this editorial, we present short introductions of the published articles. The series of articles in this SI deal with a broad profile of aspects of the use of radar and sonar images in line with the latest scientific trends while making use of the latest developments in science, including artificial intelligence. It can be said that both radar and sonar imaging and processing still remain a “hot topic” and much research in this area is being conducted worldwide. New techniques and methods for extracting information from radar and sonar sensors and data have been proposed and verified. Some of these will stimulate further research while others have reached maturity and can be considered for industrial implementation and development.

Ground Penetrating Radar

Ground Penetrating Radar PDF Author: David J. Daniels
Publisher: IET
ISBN: 0863413609
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 754

Book Description
This book describes the key elements of the subject of surface penetrating radar, and in general terms the inter-relationship between those topics in electromagnetism, soil science, geophysics and signal processing which form part of its design.