Synthesis of TiO_1tn2 Based Nanoparticles for Photocatalytic Applications PDF Download

Author: Aiguo Wu
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527347240
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 252

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Book Description
A unique book that summarizes the properties, toxicology, and biomedical applications of TiO2-based nanoparticles Nanotechnology is becoming increasingly important for products used in our daily lives. Nanometer-sized titanium dioxide (TiO2) are widely used in industry for different purposes, such as painting, sunscreen, printing, cosmetics, biomedicine, and so on. This book summarizes the advances of TiO2 based nanobiotechnology and nanomedicine, covering materials properties, toxicological research, and biomedical application, such as antibacter, biosensing, and cancer theranostics. It uniquely integrates the TiO2 applications from physical properties, toxicology to various biomedical applications, and includes black TiO2 based cancer theranostics. Beginning with a comprehensive introduction to the properties and applications of nanoparticles, TiO2 Nanoparticles: Applications in Nanobiotechnology, Theranostics and Nanomedicine offers chapters on: Toxicity of TiO2 Nanoparticles; Antibacterial Applications of TiO2 Nanoparticles; Surface Enhanced Raman Spectrum of TiO2 Nanoparticle for Biosensing (TiO2 Nanoparticle Served as SERS Sensing Substrate); TiO2 as Inorganic Photosensitizer for Photodynamic Therapy; Cancer Theranostics of Black TiO2 Nanoparticles; and Neurodegenerative Disease Diagnostics and Therapy of TiO2-Based Nanoparticles. This title: Blends the physical properties, toxicology of TiO2 nanoparticles to the many biomedical applications Includes black TiO2 based cancer theranostics in its coverage Appeals to a broad audience of researchers in academia and industry working on nanomaterials-based biosensing, drug delivery, nanomedicine TiO2 Nanoparticles: Applications in Nanobiotechnology, Theranostics and Nanomedicine is an ideal book for medicinal chemists, analytical chemists, biochemists, materials scientists, toxicologists, and those in the pharmaceutical industry.

Author: Akira Fujishima
Publisher:
ISBN: 9784939051036
Category : Photocatalysis
Languages : en
Pages : 176

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Author: Kranthi Kumar Akurati
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
ISBN: 3736927622
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 195

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Book Description
Various gas phase synthesis routes have been employed to produce TiO2 based nanoparticles for photocatalytic applications. Synthesis routes have been selected depending up on the feasibility/constraints of the particular process to produce a given kind of material. The first attempt at producing the photocatalysts involved the synthesis of pure TiO2 nanoparticles by a flame aerosol process. The growth behaviour of TiO2 particles which has significant influence on their crystallinity and surface area, has been controlled by varying the process parameters and selecting suitable flame configurations. An existing method to determine the crystallinity of the powder has been modified which facilitates comparison of the degree of crystallinity of the nanoparticles synthesized by various methods. Resultant TiO2 nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and nitrogen physisorption to determine the degree of crystallinity quantitatively and surface area, respectively, and the decomposition rate of an industrial dye, methylene blue, has been taken as the measure of the photocatalytic activity (PCA). The importance of an optimum combination of crystallinity and surface area for improved PCA has been shown by comparing the PCA of the as-synthesized nanoparticles with commercial TiO2 (Degussa P25). By depositing another semiconductor material on TiO2, PCA of the resultant composite photocatalyst can be improved due to the effective separation of the charge carriers. The deposited semiconductor has been chosen by virtue of its conduction band potential which should be higher than that of the TiO2. Accordingly, SnO2/TiO2 composite nanoparticles have been synthesized in a single-step by feeding evaporated precursor mixtures into an atmospheric pressure diffusion flame. For the lowest concentration (3.4 mol %) of SnO2 employed in this study anatase phase of TiO2 is stabilized, while segregation of SnO2 is seen at medium (6.9 to 12.4 mol %) and high concentrations (20.3 mol %). Though the equilibrium phase diagram predicts complete solubility of one oxide in another at all compositions, segregation of SnO2 phase is observed which is explained by the usage of diffusion flame in the present study. A particle formation mechanism of SnO2/TiO2 composites is proposed based on the single component aerosol formation. Photocatalytic activity of the composite particles is tested for the degradation of methylene blue and is compared with pure TiO2 synthesized under similar conditions. Improved photocatalytic activity of the composite particles is attributed to the stabilized anatase phase and better charge separation due to the coupling of TiO2 and SnO2 within the composite nanoparticles. The adsorption properties of the SnO2/TiO2 particles are similar to the pure TiO2 particles and the PCA can be further improved coupling the advantages of adsorption properties and charge carrier separation in a single system. WO3 is the kind of semiconductor material that has suitable conduction band potential and surface acidity to perform the dual function mentioned above. Due to the non-availability of the suitable volatile precursor for WO3, WO3/TiO2 composite nanoparticles have been synthesized by using flame spray synthesis. W and Ti precursors were dissolved in a suitable solvent and sprayed into the high temperature acetylene flame using an atomizing gas. Particles with controlled W:Ti ratios were produced at various flow rates of precursor solution and the resulting powders were characterized by BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) surface area analysis, XRD, TEM (Transmission electron microscopy), Raman and ATR-IR (Attenuated total reflection infrared) spectroscopy. Two-dimensional coordinatively unsaturated wolframyl species were well dispersed on the TiO2 surface for the samples equal to or less than 3.6 mol% WO3 and contributed to increase the surface acidity. Crystalline WO3 was formed for the samples above 3.6 mol% WO3. The formation of crystalline WO3 is attributed to the enhanced rate of condensation of W species with increasing loading of tungsten. The variation of lambda (defined as the ratio of the actual oxygen-to-fuel ratio of the reactants to the stoichiometric fuel-to-oxygen ratio) affects the type of surface species dispersed on TiO2 particles and thereby the resultant acidity. The improved photocatalytic activity of the composite particles is attributed to the increased surface acidity and better charge separation due to the coupling of WOx species and TiO2 within the composite nanoparticles. The development of a practical photocatalytic system focuses on the cost effectiveness of the process. The usage of the expensive solar concentrators and artificial ultraviolet (UV) irradiation for photocatalytic reactions has negative influences on the cost effectiveness. In addition to the cost effectiveness resulting from using solar energy, abundance of the visible light (55 % compared to 6 % of UV) motivates to synthesize TiO2 nanoparticles that absorb visible light. Nitrogen doped TiO2 nanoparticles that absorbs visible light have been synthesized by hot-wall reactor synthesis. The extent of doping of nitrogen is controlled by varying the hot-wall reactor temperature and the flow rate of the gaseous reactants. Increasing the nitrogen concentration above a certain value reduces the PCA and is attributed to the formation of Ti3+ that act as recombination centre for the charge carriers. The concentration of nitrogen at which significant Ti3+ formation takes place has been systematically investigated by XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) measurements.

Author: Sher Bahadar Khan
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 178985475X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 158

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Book Description
This book enlightens the type, chemical structure, and application of photo-catalysts. It covers the recent developments in photo-catalysts and their applications, particularly in photo-catalytic degradation of different organic pollutants, hydrogen production, etc. It provides a concise but complete coverage and overview of photocatalysts and their recent advances for a broad audience: beginners, graduate students, and specialists in both academic and industrial sectors.

Author: Mamadou Diallo
Publisher: William Andrew
ISBN: 0815519737
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 635

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Book Description
The World Health Organization in 2004 estimated approximately 1.1 billion people did not have access to clean water and that 35% of Third World residents died from water-borne illnesses. While the situation is grim, recent advances strongly indicate that many of the current water quality problems can be addresses – and potentially resolved – using nanotechnology.Nanotechnology is already having a dramatic impact on research in water quality and Nanotechnology Applications for Clean Water highlights both the challenges and the opportunities for nanotechnology to positively influence this area of environmental protection.Here you will find detailed information on breakthroughs, cutting edge technologies, current research, and future trends that may affect acceptance of widespread applications. The first four parts of the book cover specific topics including using nanotechnology for clean drinking water in both large scale water treatment plants and in point-of-use systems. For instance, recent advances show that many of the current problems involving water quality can be addressed using nanosorbents, nanocatalysts, bioactive nanoparticles, nanostructured catalytic membranes, and nanoparticle enhanced filtration. The book also discusses existing technologies and future potential for groundwater remediation, pollution prevention, and sensors. The final part discusses the inherent societal implications that may affect acceptance of widespread applications. Over 80 leading experts from around the world share their wealth of knowledge in this truly unique reference. Institutions such as Center for the Purification of Water and Systems (Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign); UCLA Water Technology Center; Carnegie Mellon University, University of Kentucky; The University of Western Ontario; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (Japan), Munasinghe Institute for Development (Sri Lanka) and the Woodrow Wilson Center for Scholars are just a few of the knowledge centers represented in this book. Water quality is a serious, global issue in which government bodies and scientific communities face many challenges in ensuring clean water is available to everyone. Nanotechnology is already showing dramatic results, and this book is an attempt to share current technologies and future possibilities in reaching this goal. From the Foreword:"Researchers and practitioners may find in this volume, key challenges regarding clean water resources. The presentations may crystallize new research and education programs." - Mihail Roco, U.S. National Science Foundation and U.S. Nanotechnology Initiative - Contributors from the US, India, Canada, Japan, UK, Sri Lanka, and South Africa - Provides detailed information on breakthroughs, cutting edge technologies, current research, and future trends that may affect acceptance of widespread applications - Covers specific topics including using nanotechnology for clean drinking water in both large scale water treatment plants and in point-of-use systems - Discusses existing technologies and future potential for groundwater remediation, pollution prevention, and sensors - Highlights both the challenges and the opportunities for nanotechnology to positively influence this area of environmental protection

Author: Ali Reza Khataee
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9814374725
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 205

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Book Description
During the past decade, research and development in the area of synthesis and applications of different nanostructured titanium dioxide have become tremendous. This book briefly describes properties, production, modification and applications of nanostructured titanium dioxide focusing in particular on photocatalytic activity. The physicochemical properties of nanostructured titanium dioxide are highlighted and the links between properties and applications are emphasized. The preparation of TiO2 nanomaterials, including nanoparticles, nanorods, nanowires, nanosheets, nanofibers, and nanotubes are primarily categorized by their preparation method (sol-gel and hydrothermal processes). Examples of early applications of nanostructured titanium dioxide in dye-sensitized solar cells, hydrogen production and storage, sensors, rechargeable batteries, electrocatalysis, self-cleaning and antibacterial surfaces and photocatalytic cancer treatment are reviewed. The review of modifications of TiO2 nanomaterials is mainly focused on the research related to the modifications of the optical properties of TiO2 nanomaterials, since many applications of TiO2 nanomaterials are closely related to their optical properties. Photocatalytic removal of various pollutants using pure TiO2 nanomaterials, TiO2-based nanoclays and non-metal doped nanostructured TiO2 are also discussed.

Author: Dongfang Yang
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1789233267
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 520

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Book Description
Titanium dioxide is currently being used in many industrial products. It provides unique photocatalytic properties for water splitting and purification, bacterial inactivation, and organics degradation. It has also been widely used as the photoanode for dye-sensitized solar cells and coatings for self-cleaning surfaces, biomedical implants, and nanomedicine. This book covers various aspects of titanium dioxide nanomaterials including their unique one-dimensional, two-dimensional, mesoporous, and hierarchical nanostructures and their synthetic methods such as sol-gel, hydrothermal, anodic oxidation, and electrophoretic deposition, as well as its key applications in environmental and energy sectors. Through these 24 chapters written by experts from the international scientific community, readers will have access to a comprehensive overview of the recent research and development findings on the titanium dioxide nanomaterials.

Author: Wenbin Cao
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535124846
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 678

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Book Description
Photocatalysis is a hot topic because it is an environmentally friendly approach toward the conversion of light energy into chemical energy at mild reaction environments. Also, it is well applied in several major areas such as water splitting, bacterial inactivation, and pollutants elimination, which is a possible solution to energy shortage and environmental issues. The fundamental knowledge and the frontier research progress in typical photocatalytic materials, such as TiO2-based and non-TiO2-based photocatalysts, are included in this book. Methods to improve the photocatalytic efficiency and to provide a hint for the rational design of the new photocatalysts are covered.

Author: Aracely Hernández-Ramírez
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319109995
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 298

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Book Description
This critical volume examines the different methods used for the synthesis of a great number of photocatalysts, including TiO2, ZnO and other modified semiconductors, as well as characterization techniques used for determining the optical, structural and morphological properties of the semiconducting materials. Additionally, the authors discuss photoelectrochemical methods for determining the light activity of the photocatalytic semiconductors by means of measurement of properties such as band gap energy, flat band potential and kinetics of hole and electron transfer. Photocatalytic Semiconductors: Synthesis, Characterization and Environmental Applications provide an overview of the semiconductor materials from first- to third-generation photocatalysts and their applications in wastewater treatment and water disinfection. The book further presents economic and toxicological aspects in the production and application of photocatalytic materials.

Author: Juan M. Coronado
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1447150619
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 352

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Book Description
Research for the development of more efficient photocatalysts has experienced an almost exponential growth since its popularization in early 1970’s. Despite the advantages of the widely used TiO2, the yield of the conversion of sun power into chemical energy that can be achieved with this material is limited prompting the research and development of a number of structural, morphological and chemical modifications of TiO2 , as well as a number of novel photocatalysts with very different composition. Design of Advanced Photocatalytic Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications provides a systematic account of the current understanding of the relationships between the physicochemical properties of the catalysts and photoactivity. The already long list of photocatalysts phases and their modifications is increasing day by day. By approaching this field from a material sciences angle, an integrated view allows readers to consider the diversity of photocatalysts globally and in connection with other technologies. Design of Advanced Photocatalytic Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications provides a valuable road-map, outlining the common principles lying behind the diversity of materials, but also delimiting the imprecise border between the contrasted results and the most speculative studies. This broad approach makes it ideal for specialist but also for engineers, researchers and students in related fields.