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Author: Baporikar, Neeta Publisher: IGI Global ISBN: 1799851176 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 696
Book Description
With the need for sustainability, a focus on developing an economic system that aims at minimizing waste, commonly referred to as the circular economy, is emerging. Circular economy and studies related to it have gained worldwide attention, as it seems to be an effective alternative economic system. Naturally, the circular economy will impact enterprises and will shift how entrepreneurship development and entrepreneurial opportunities are perceived, developed, and resourced. The Handbook of Research on Entrepreneurship Development and Opportunities in Circular Economy is a collection of pioneering research that advances the understanding of entrepreneurship development, identifies the opportunities, and manages the entrepreneurship development, policies, and programs in order to further a circular economy. In addition to entrepreneurship development and entrepreneurial opportunities, the book will cover and discuss a number of other factors necessary for a successful transformation, such as entrepreneurship and innovation, entrepreneurship and change, and entrepreneurship education. While highlighting topics including consumer consumption, knowledge management, and linear economics, this book is ideally designed for entrepreneurs, small business owners, managers, consultants, organization development specialists, policymakers, researchers, industry experts, academicians, and students.
Author: Baporikar, Neeta Publisher: IGI Global ISBN: 1799851176 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 696
Book Description
With the need for sustainability, a focus on developing an economic system that aims at minimizing waste, commonly referred to as the circular economy, is emerging. Circular economy and studies related to it have gained worldwide attention, as it seems to be an effective alternative economic system. Naturally, the circular economy will impact enterprises and will shift how entrepreneurship development and entrepreneurial opportunities are perceived, developed, and resourced. The Handbook of Research on Entrepreneurship Development and Opportunities in Circular Economy is a collection of pioneering research that advances the understanding of entrepreneurship development, identifies the opportunities, and manages the entrepreneurship development, policies, and programs in order to further a circular economy. In addition to entrepreneurship development and entrepreneurial opportunities, the book will cover and discuss a number of other factors necessary for a successful transformation, such as entrepreneurship and innovation, entrepreneurship and change, and entrepreneurship education. While highlighting topics including consumer consumption, knowledge management, and linear economics, this book is ideally designed for entrepreneurs, small business owners, managers, consultants, organization development specialists, policymakers, researchers, industry experts, academicians, and students.
Author: Great Britain: Department for Work and Pensions Publisher: The Stationery Office ISBN: 9780101795623 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 82
Book Description
This paper outlines the Government's new plans for the timing of the increase in state pension age to 66. The Pensions Act 2007 legislated for the state pension age to increase for both men and women to 66 by 2026, to 67 by 2036, and to 68 by 2046. But subsequent gains in average life expectancy have outpaced the projections on which that timetable was based. Official projections for life expectancy for those reaching 65 in 2026 have increased by 1.5 years for men and 1.6 years for women. The cost implications for maintaining the state pension are serious. The increased life expectancy means that, just for those reaching state pension age this year, the costs would increase by £6.5 billion over the lifetime of that cohort. Women's state pension age is currently rising from 60 to be equalised with men's at 65 by 2020. To enable an increase to 66, this timetable will be adjusted so that equalisation is reached in November 2018. The increase to 66 will then occur between December 2018 and April 2020 for both men and women. The increase will be phased in at a rate of three months' increase in state pension age every four months. This means that 4.9 million people will have their state pension age revised, of which 4.4 million will have an increase of a year or less. It will result in £30.4 billion of savings between 2016/17 and 2025/26, which would otherwise have to be met by the working-age population.
Author: Stefania Amalia Jimon Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 303074454X Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 250
Book Description
The sustainability of public pension systems has become an important aspect for governments and institutions worldwide. This book addresses the multiple elements that influence the sustainability of pension systems with a special focus on central and eastern European countries. Supported by the results of econometric empirical studies, the authors discuss and analyse areas like social economy versus capitalist economy, globalization versus glocalization, population aging versus birth and fertility, emigration versus immigration, early retirement versus prolongation versus professional activity, the sustainability of public pension systems versus the adequacy of benefits provided, public pension systems compared to private pension funds and taxation of salary incomes versus subsidization of state social insurance.
Author: Birgit Mattil Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9783790816754 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 300
Book Description
Recently, policy debate and comparative research on old-age pensions have focused on the financial sustainability of pension systems in the face of demographic change. This study, however, also takes into account distributional effects involved in pension system structures. Theoretical, institutional and empirical analyses are combined to form a comprehensive framework for evaluating financial sustainability and distributional effects of the pension systems implemented in Germany and the United Kingdom. Along with projections of demographic trends and future public pension expenditure, the empirical results on old-age incomes and their distribution allow for identifying a number of reform options for each pension system to improve their financial or distributional results.
Author: Donghyun Park Publisher: Asian Development Bank ISBN: 9290927615 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 161
Book Description
Population aging poses two major challenges for Asian policy makers: (i) sustaining rapid economic growth in the face of less favorable demographic conditions; and (ii) providing affordable, adequate, sustainable old-age income support for a large and growing elderly population. This book explores the second issue by examining the pension systems of eight countries in East and Southeast Asia: the People's Republic of China, Indonesia, the Republic of Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Viet Nam. It also puts forward both country-specific and region-wide reforms to address two critical areas of pension reform, namely, fairness and sustainability.
Author: Great Britain: Department for Work and Pensions Publisher: The Stationery Office ISBN: 9780101805322 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 60
Book Description
In this document the Government is looking at options for delivering a simpler and fairer state pension which rewards those who save for their retirement and is sustainable for future generations. The consultation is on two broad options for reform of the state pension, and the most appropriate mechanism for determining future changes to state pension age. The four guiding principles for pension reform are: personal responsibility; fairness; simplicity; affordability and sustainability. The options for reform of the state pension are: (1) faster flat rate or (2) a single tier pension. Currently the basic state pension is a flat-rate payment of £97.65 a week and the state second pension is partly flat rate and partly linked to earnings, such that higher earners receive a higher state pension. Option 1 would accelerate reforms so that the state second pension becomes fully flat rate by 2020 instead of the early 2030s. At the end of the transition those with a full contribution record - about 30 years - would receive the full pension, in two tiers, currently estimated at about £140 a week. Option 2 is a more radical approach, combining the two existing pensions into one single-tier pension. Future pensioners with at least 30 qualifying years would receive the same flat-rate pension currently estimated at £140 a week. This payment would be set above the basic level of support provided by Pension Credit. There are also two options for changing state pension age: through a formula linked to life expectancy; through a regular review.
Author: Lewicki, Maria Patricia Publisher: KIT Scientific Publishing ISBN: 3731501716 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 159
Book Description
The aging society and threatening old-age poverty are two major political topics in Germany for the next decades. Many modern employment biographies consist of atypical employment and discontinuities; both negatively impact the pension entitlements of the individuals. This work develops an inninnovative approach that offers flexibility to absorb demographic changes as well as labor market developments, without threatening the financial stability of the public pension scheme.
Author: Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Work and Pensions Committee Publisher: The Stationery Office ISBN: 9780215055552 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 168
Book Description
This report welcomes the improvements in retirement income that the new Single-tier State Pension will bring. However, the key to the policy's successful implementation lies in the Government informing the public as soon as possible about how it will affect individuals. The Committee criticises the Government for hampering its scrutiny of the proposals. The Government not only imposed an extremely tight timetable, but brought forward the implementation date by a year, after the Committee had completed taking evidence. The Committee says that the Government must work with them to ensure the transition is as smooth as possible and that Defined Benefit pension schemes do not suffer as a result. The Government should also develop and publish a clear explanation of how means-tested support, including passported benefits, will operate under the Single-tier Pension, and the transitional protection that will be put in place. Many women born between 1952 and 1953 believed that they would suffer a double adverse effect on their State Pension income, arising from the increases in their State Pension Age combined with their ineligibility for the Single-tier Pension, if it was introduced in 2017 as set out in the White Paper. The Government should clarify the position. Some women did not build up their own NI record because they had an expectation that they would be able to rely on their husband's contributions to give them entitlement to a Basic State Pension. The Government should assess and publish the cost of allowing women in this position who are within 15 years of State Pension Age to retain this right
Author: Sri Wening Handayani Publisher: Asian Development Bank ISBN: 9290927275 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 267
Book Description
The rising number of older persons in Asia has accentuated the importance of strengthening the systems of social protection in the region. This book examines the effectiveness and relevance of noncontributory or social pensions in supporting older persons in Asia. It discusses the political economy and financial sustainability of social pension reform, implications for gender equity and social rights, and design and implementation challenges. Case studies from Bangladesh, Nepal, Thailand, Viet Nam, and South Caucasus and Central Asia provide key lessons for informing development policy and practice in Asia and the Pacific.
Author: Samuel Pienknagura Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 151359611X Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 52
Book Description
Chile’s pension system came under close scrutiny in recent years. This paper takes stock of the adequacy of the system and highlights its challenges. Chile’s defined contribution system was quite influential when introduced, and was taken as an example by other countries. However, it is now delivering low replacement rates relative to OECD peers, as its parameters did not adapt over time to changing demographics and global returns, while informality persists in the labor market. In the absence of reforms, the system’s inability to deliver adequate outcomes for a large share of participants will continue to magnify, as demographic trends and low global interest rates will continue to reduce replacement rates. In addition, recent legislation allowing for pension savings withdrawals to counter the effects from the COVID-19 pandemic, is projected to further reduce replacement rates and increase fiscal costs. A substantial improvement in replacement rates is feasible, via a reform that raises contribution rates and the retirement age, coupled with policies that increases workers’ contribution density.
Author: Baporikar, Neeta
Author: Baporikar, Neeta
Author: Great Britain: Department for Work and Pensions
Author: Stefania Amalia Jimon
Author: Birgit Mattil
Author: Donghyun Park
Author: Great Britain: Department for Work and Pensions
Author: Lewicki, Maria Patricia
Author: Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Work and Pensions Committee
Author: Sri Wening Handayani
Author: Samuel Pienknagura