Author: S. Ganapathi SubbuPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Studies of Wall Flow and Soot Deposition in Diesel Particulate Filters
Author: S. Ganapathi SubbuCharacterizing Ash Properties and Effects on Diesel Particulate Filter Flow Resistance
Author: Gregory James MonahanPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 99
Book Description
As a result of increasingly stringent emissions regulations, Diesel Particulate Filters (DPF) have become a widespread method of reducing particulate emissions in both on and off highway diesel engine use. This particular aftertreatment system is chosen for its high filtration efficiency and relative simplicity. The porous ceramic substrate captures the particulate matter which is comprised of combustible soot and inorganic metallic ash. While the soot can be cleared from the filter through high temperature oxidation, the small amount of ash remains in the filter. The presence of these soot and ash particles creates an increase in the flow resistance of the filter which creates more backpressure on the engine and results in a decrease in fuel economy. Over the life of the filter, the ash particles become a significant portion of particulate matter in the filter and the resulting flow resistance. While the effects of ash and soot on filter performance have been extensively studied, the underlying deposition mechanisms and effects of various ash properties are not well understood. The focus of this research is to investigate the effects of ash properties such as packing density and chemistry on the flow resistance of both the ash cake layer and the filter substrate. The results of this and other research can support the optimization of operating conditions, regeneration strategies, and lubricant additive formulations for decreased system backpressure. Additionally, this research seeks to develop and improve advanced diagnostic tools in order to bridge the gap between macro scale quantifiable flow resistance and micro scale deposition characteristics. Using both high resolution X-Ray CT imaging and flow simulation tools, a method is tested by which values for ash and filter permeability can be calculated to investigate local micro scale filter phenomena or various lab and field samples.
A Study of Soot Cake Formation in a Diesel Particulate Filter
Author: Paul CharbonneauPublisher:
ISBN: 9780494589199
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 264
Book Description
A methodology was developed to dissect diesel particulate filters to study the time effect of loading for two different fuels: ULSD and a biodiesel blend. Filters loaded with soot from a diesel engine for exposure times of 1, 2, 5 and 10 hours were fractured and samples of filter substrates were analyzed using Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Observations revealed the sharp rise in pressure drop to be attributable to the clogging of the pores in the channel wall, leading to the formation of a pore-bridge. Cross sectional imaging of wall sections revealed this pore-bridge to be shallow, with significant particulate depositions limited to the first quarter of the depth of the filter walls. Images revealed increasingly dense deposits and the formation of coarse particles and soot cakes. Raman spectroscopy revealed no significant graphitization of the soot cake. The dissection methodology exhibits significant potential for future studies on DPFs.
Diesel Particulate Filter Technology
Author: Timothy V JohnsonPublisher: SAE International
ISBN: 0768096340
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 374
Book Description
Until recently, the complexity of the Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) system has hindered its commercial success. Stringent regulations of diesel emissions has lead to advancements in this technology, therefore mainstreaming the use of DPFs in light- and heavy-duty diesel filtration applications. This book covers the latest and most important research in DPF systems, focusing mainly on the advancements of the years 2002-2006. Editor Timothy V. Johnson selected the top 29 SAE papers covering the most significant research in this technology.
Micro-scale Investigation of Filtration Velocity and Particulate Matter Characteristics Effects on Diesel Particulate Filter Wall Loading
Author: Renato A. YapauloNew Technologies for Emission Control in Marine Diesel Engines
Author: Masaaki OkuboPublisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN: 0128123087
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 296
Book Description
New Technologies for Emission Control in Marine Diesel Engines provides a unique overview on marine diesel engines and aftertreatment technologies that is based on the authors’ extensive experience in research and development of emission control systems, especially plasma aftertreatment systems. The book covers new and updated technologies, such as combustion improvement and after treatment, SCR, the NOx reduction method, Ox scrubber, DPF, Electrostatic precipitator, Plasma PM decomposition, Plasma NOx reduction, and the Exhaust gas recirculation method. This comprehensive resource is ideal for marine engineers, engine manufacturers and consultants dealing with the development and implementation of aftertreatment systems in marine engines. Includes recent advances and future trends of marine engines Discusses new and innovative emission technologies for marine diesel engines and their regulations Covers aftertreatment technologies that are not widely applied, such as catalysts, SCR, DPF and plasmas
Diesel Particulate Filter Technology
Author: Timothy V JohnsonPublisher: SAE International
ISBN: 0768017076
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 374
Book Description
Until recently, the complexity of the Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) system has hindered its commercial success. Stringent regulations of diesel emissions has lead to advancements in this technology, therefore mainstreaming the use of DPFs in light- and heavy-duty diesel filtration applications. This book covers the latest and most important research in DPF systems, focusing mainly on the advancements of the years 2002-2006. Editor Timothy V. Johnson selected the top 29 SAE papers covering the most significant research in this technology.
Modeling and Interpreting the Observed Effects of Ash on Diesel Particulate Filter Performance and Regeneration
Author: Yujun Wang (Ph. D.)Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 137
Book Description
Diesel particulate filters (DPF) are devices that physically capture diesel particulates to prevent their release to the atmosphere. Diesel particulate filters have seen widespread use in on- and off-road applications as an effective means for meeting increasingly stringent particle emissions regulations. Although the soot deposit can be removed by regeneration, the incombustible material - ash, primarily derived from metallic additives in the engine lubricant, accumulates in the DPF channels with the increasing vehicle mileage or equivalent running hours. Ash accumulation inside filter increases the flow restriction and reduces the filter soot storage capacity, which results in higher filter regeneration frequencies and larger engine fuel penalty. Combined with experimental observations, DPF models are built to investigate the fundamental mechanisms of DPF aging process. The DPF soot and ash loading model, based on porous media filtration theory, is applied to understand the soot deposition across the substrate wall with soot and ash cake layer formation. DPF models are also used to investigate the process of ash transport and catalyst deactivation with increasing ash load level. DPF ash aging is found to have negative effect on passive regeneration due to the catalyst deactivation and diffusion resistance of ash cake layer. Besides, at given amount of ash load, the effects of ash spatial distribution on DPF performance are studied via simulation. It is found that the ash end plug has significant influences on DPF pressure drop while ash radial and axial distributions have minor effects. At known ash and substrate property, DPF performance can be optimized according the sensitivity map developed from this study. DPF model is beneficial to interpret the experimental observations and it is applied to predict the effects of certain factors, like flow rate and deposit level, on DPF performance. At the same time, modeling results are useful in optimizing the design of the combined engine-aftertreatment-lubricant system for future diesel engines and in understanding the requirements for robust aftertreatment systems.
Progression of Soot Cake Layer Properties During the Systematic Regeneration of Diesel Particulate Filters Measured with Neutron Tomography
Author: Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Although particulate filters (PFs) have been a key component of the emission control system for modern diesel engines, there remain significant questions about the basic regeneration behavior of the filters and how it changes with accumulation of increasing soot layers. This effort describes a systematic deposition and regeneration of particulate matter in 25-mm diameter × 76-mm long wall-flow PFs composed of silicon carbide (SiC) material. The initial soot distributions were analyzed for soot cake thickness using a nondestructive neutron imaging technique. With the PFs intact, it was then possible to sequentially regenerate the samples and reanalyze them, which was performed after nominal 20, 50, and 70 % regenerations. The loaded samples show a relatively uniform distribution of particulate with an increasing soot cake thickness and nearly identical initial density of 70 mg/cm3. Throughout regeneration, the soot cake thickness initially decreases significantly while the density increases to 80-90 mg/cm3. After ~50 % regeneration, the soot cake thickness stays relatively constant, but instead, the density decreases as pores open up in the layer (~35 mg/cm3 at 70 % regeneration). Complete regeneration initially occurs at the rear of the PF channels. With this information, a conceptual model of the regeneration is proposed.
Granular Filtration of Aerosols and Hydrosols
Author: Chi TienPublisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN: 1483162427
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 380
Book Description
Granular Filtration of Aerosols and Hydrosols is concerned with the fundamental aspects of granular filtration of both liquid and gas suspensions. This book takes a unifying approach to the treatment of granular aerosol and hydrosol filtration. The text begins with the introduction of the process of granular filtration and its various applications. Subsequent chapters discuss the aspects of filtration, such as, the macroscopic description of fixed-bed granular filtration; the methods for making representations based on various porous media models for both clean and clogged filter media; the mechanisms of particle deposition; and the trajectory analysis of particle deposition. The final chapter presents and discusses case studies which deal with predicting and calculating the dynamic behavior of granular filtration of hydrosols and aerosols. Researchers in granular filtration and graduate students dealing with separation technology will find the book highly useful.