Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Stirling and Pulse-tube Cryo-coolers PDF full book. Access full book title Stirling and Pulse-tube Cryo-coolers by Allan J. Organ. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Allan J. Organ Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 9781860584619 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 472
Book Description
Modern technology calls increasingly for provision of cooling at cryogenic temperatures: super-conductivity research; imaging equipment for search-and-rescue; contemporary diagnostic medicine (MRI – magnetic resonance imaging); space exploration; advanced computer hardware; military defence systems. Where it is desirable to generate the cooling effect close to the point of heat removal, electrically powered Stirling and pulse-tube machines offer advantages over traditional, passive systems (Leidenfrost and Joule-Thomson). Until now there has been no agreed approach to the thermodynamic design of either type. In particular, the choice of regenerator packing has remained a matter for time-consuming – and thus expensive – trial-and-error development. There has been no way of knowing whether an existing ‘fully developed’ unit is performing to the limit of its thermodynamic potential. Stirling and Pulse-tube Cryo-coolers addresses these problems. Features include: An ideal cycle for the pulse-tube yielding heat, mass-flow and work; Previously unseen phenomena of real gas behaviour; Pictorial reliefs of pressure wave interactions; Multiple wave reflections in graphic perspective First solution of the ‘regenerator problem ‘ by a full, unsteady gas dynamics treatment; First ever depiction of pulse-tube boundary-layer events (heat conduction, ‘streaming’) driven by interacting left-and right-running pressure waves First analysis of the graded regenerator and optimisation of gas path design; Embryonic ‘cook-book’ method of ab initio cooler design based on dynamic similarity and thermodynamic scaling. Stirling and Pulse-tube Cryo-coolers raises the threshold from which first-principles design of regenerative cryo-coolers may start. Those wishing to extend their study of the subject beyond the well-trodden, ideal gas/quasi-steady-state rationalisations will require this book.
Author: Allan J. Organ Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 9781860584619 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 472
Book Description
Modern technology calls increasingly for provision of cooling at cryogenic temperatures: super-conductivity research; imaging equipment for search-and-rescue; contemporary diagnostic medicine (MRI – magnetic resonance imaging); space exploration; advanced computer hardware; military defence systems. Where it is desirable to generate the cooling effect close to the point of heat removal, electrically powered Stirling and pulse-tube machines offer advantages over traditional, passive systems (Leidenfrost and Joule-Thomson). Until now there has been no agreed approach to the thermodynamic design of either type. In particular, the choice of regenerator packing has remained a matter for time-consuming – and thus expensive – trial-and-error development. There has been no way of knowing whether an existing ‘fully developed’ unit is performing to the limit of its thermodynamic potential. Stirling and Pulse-tube Cryo-coolers addresses these problems. Features include: An ideal cycle for the pulse-tube yielding heat, mass-flow and work; Previously unseen phenomena of real gas behaviour; Pictorial reliefs of pressure wave interactions; Multiple wave reflections in graphic perspective First solution of the ‘regenerator problem ‘ by a full, unsteady gas dynamics treatment; First ever depiction of pulse-tube boundary-layer events (heat conduction, ‘streaming’) driven by interacting left-and right-running pressure waves First analysis of the graded regenerator and optimisation of gas path design; Embryonic ‘cook-book’ method of ab initio cooler design based on dynamic similarity and thermodynamic scaling. Stirling and Pulse-tube Cryo-coolers raises the threshold from which first-principles design of regenerative cryo-coolers may start. Those wishing to extend their study of the subject beyond the well-trodden, ideal gas/quasi-steady-state rationalisations will require this book.
Author: Ronald G. Jr. Ross Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 0306479192 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 799
Book Description
The last two years have witnessed a continuation in the breakthrough shift toward pulse tube cryocoolers for long-life, high-reliability cryocooler applications. One class of pulse tubes that has reached maturity is referred to as “Stirling type” because they are based on the linear Oxford Stirling-cooler type compressor; these generally provide cooling in the 30 to 100 K temperature range and operate at frequencies from 30 to 60 Hz. The other type of pulse tube cooler making great advances is the so-called “Gifford-McMahon type. ” Pulse tube coolers of this type use a G-M type compressor and lower frequency operation to achieve temperatures in the 2 to 10 K temperature range. Nearly a third of this proceedings covers these new developments in the pulse tube arena. Complementing the work on low-temperature pulse tubes is substantial continued progress on rare earth regenerator materials and Gifford-McMahon coolers. These technologies continue to make great progress in opening up the 2 - 4 K market. Also in the commercial sector, continued interest is being shown in the development of long-life, low-cost cryocoolers for the emerging high temperature superconductor electronics market, particularly the cellular telephone base-station market. At higher temperature levels, closed-cycle J-T or throttle-cycle refrigerators are taking advantage of mixed refrigerant gases to achieve low-cost cryocooler systems in the 65 to 80 K temperature range.
Author: Ronald G. Ross Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 0387275339 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 710
Book Description
The last two years have witnessed a continuation in the breakthrough shift toward pulse tube cryocoolers for long-life, high-reliability cryocooler applications. New this year are papers de scribing the development of very large pulse tube cryocoolers to provide up to 1500 watts of cooling for industrial applications such as cooling the superconducting magnets of Mag-lev trains, coolmg superconducting cables for the power mdustry, and liquefymg natural gas. Pulse tube coolers can be driven by several competing compressor technologies. One class of pulse tube coolers is referred to as "Stirling type" because they are based on the linear Oxford Stirling-cooler type compressor; these generally provide coolmg m the 30 to 100 K temperature range and operate ^t frequencies from 30 to 60 Hz. A second type of pulse tube cooler is the so-called "Gifford-McMahon type. " Pulse tube coolers of this type use a G-M type compressor and lower frequency operation (~1 Hz) to achieve temperatures in the 2 to 10 K temperature range. The third type of pulse tube cooler is driven by a thermoacoustic oscillator, a heat engine that functions well in remote environments where electricity is not readily available. All three types are described, and in total, nearly half of this proceedings covers new developments in the pulse tube arena. Complementing the work on low-temperature pulse tube and Gifford-McMahon cryocoolers is substantial continued progress on rare earth regenerator materials.
Author: Milind D. Atrey Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030113078 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 236
Book Description
This book serves as an introduction to cryocooler technology and describes the principle applications of cryocoolers across a broad range of fields. It covers the specific requirements of these applications, and describes how the advantages and disadvantages of different cryocooler systems are taken into consideration. For example, Stirling coolers tend to be used only in space applications because of their high coefficient of performance, low weight and proven reliability, whilst Gifford-McMahon coolers are used for ground applications, such as in cryopumps and MRI shield cooling applications. Joule-Thomson cryocoolers are used in missile technology because of the fast cool down requirements. The cryocooler field is fast developing and the number of applications are growing because of the increasing costs of the cryogens such as Helium and Neon. The first chapter of the book introduces the different types of cryocoolers, their classification, working principles, and their design aspects, and briefly mentions some of the applications of these systems. This introductory chapter is followed by a number of contributions from prominent international researchers, each describing a specific field of application, the cooling requirements and the cryocooler systems employed. These areas of application include gas liquefaction, space technology, medical science, dilution refrigerators, missile systems, and physics research including particle accelerators. Each chapter describes the cooling requirements based on the end use, the approximate cooling load calculations, the criteria for cryocooler selection, the arrangement for cryocooler placement, the connection of the cooler to the object to be cooled, and includes genuine case studies. Intended primarily for researchers working on cryocoolers, the book will also serve as an introduction to cryocooler technology for students, and a useful reference for those using cryocooler systems in any area of application.
Author: Ronald G. Jr. Ross Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 030647090X Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 850
Book Description
Cryocoolers 10 is the premier archival publication of the latest advances and performance of small cryogenic refrigerators designed to provide localized cooling for military, space, semi-conductor, medical, computing, and high-temperature superconductor cryogenic applications in the 2-200 K temperature range. Composed of papers written by leading engineers and scientists in the field, Cryocoolers 10 reports the most recent advances in cryocooler development, contains extensive performance test results and comparisons, and relates the latest experience in integrating cryocoolers into advanced applications.
Author: Ronald G. Jr. Ross Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 0306471124 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 797
Book Description
Composed of papers written by leading engineers and scientists in the field, this valuable collection reports the most recent advances in cryocooler development, contains extensive performance test results and comparisons, and relates the latest experience in integrating cryocoolers into advanced applications.
Author: Sadik Kakaç Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9401000999 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 489
Book Description
Refrigeration plays a prominent role in our everyday lives, and cryogenics plays a major role in medical science, space technology and the cooling of low-temperature electronics. This volume contains chapters on basic refrigeration systems, non-compression refrigeration and cooling, and topics related to global environmental issues, alternative refrigerants, optimum refrigerant selection, cost-quality optimization of refrigerants, advanced thermodynamics of reverse-cycle machines, applications in medicine, cryogenics, heat pipes, gas-solid absorption refrigeration, multisalt resorption heat pumps, cryocoolers, thermoacoustic refrigeration, cryogenic heat transfer and enhancement and other topics covering theory, design, and applications, such as pulse tube refrigeration, which is the most efficient of all cryocoolers and can be used in space missions.
Author: Gregory W. Swift Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319669338 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 340
Book Description
This updated new edition provides an introduction to the field of thermoacoustics. All of the key aspects of the topic are introduced, with the goal of helping the reader to acquire both an intuitive understanding and the ability to design hardware, build it, and assess its performance. Weaving together intuition, mathematics, and experimental results, this text equips readers with the tools to bridge the fields of thermodynamics and acoustics. At the same time, it remains firmly grounded in experimental results, basing its discussions on the distillation of a body of experiments spanning several decades and countries. The book begins with detailed treatment of the fundamental physical laws that underlie thermoacoustics. It then goes on to discuss key concepts, including simple oscillations, waves, power, and efficiency. The remaining portions of the book delve into more advanced topics and address practical concerns in applications chapters on hardware and measurements. With its careful progression and end-of-chapter exercises, this book will appeal to graduate students in physics and engineering as well as researchers and practitioners in either acoustics or thermodynamics looking to explore the possibilities of thermoacoustics. This revised and expanded second edition has been updated with an eye to modern technology, including computer animations and DeltaEC examples.
Author: Allan J. Organ
Author: Allan J. Organ
Author: Ronald G.Jr. Ross
Author: Ronald G. Jr. Ross
Author: Ronald G. Ross
Author: Milind D. Atrey
Author: Ronald G. Jr. Ross
Author: Ronald G. Jr. Ross
Author: Sadik Kakaç
Author: Gershon Grossman
Author: Gregory W. Swift